PBDB Taxon

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Cunnolites

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Cunnolitidae

Taxonomy

Cunnolites was named by Gagnebin (1772) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno K Maes Sepkoski's reference number: 796]. It is not extant. It is the type genus of Cunnolitidae.

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cunnolitidae by Baron-Szabo (2002).

Species

C. (Paracunnolites), C. angiostoma, C. cancellata (syn. Cyclolites anomala, C. filamentosa, C. medlicotti, Cycloseris minima, Cyclolites striata), C. cereviciana, C. giganteus (syn. Cyclolites quenstedti, C. ligeriensis, Cyclolites robustus), C. gosavicus, C. heberti, C. humilis, C. jamaicaensis, C. japonica, C. nummulus, C. orbignyi, C. phillipsiae, C. polymorphus (syn. C. reussi, C. dispar, Cyclolites undulata, C. sellata, Cyclolites ranikoti, Cyclolites vicaryi, C. planialpici, C. regularis, Cyclolites krumbecki, C. sororius), C. profundus, C. rhomboideus, C. scutellum (syn. C. faecata, Cyclolites crenulata), C. tenuiradiata (syn. Cyclolites superba, Cyclolites thomasi, Cyclolites haimei)

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. depressa, C. felixi, C. trifurcata

Synonyms

Plesiocunnolites is a genus. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cunnolites by Kiessling (2014).
Cyclolites was named by Lamarck (1801) [Sepkoski's age data: K Haut T Eo-u Sepkoski's reference number: 2].

It was synonymized subjectively with Cunnolites by Kiessling (2008).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cyclolitidae by Wells (1956) and López-Pérez (2005).
Paracunnolites was named by Beauvais (1964) [Sepkoski's age data: K Turo K Maes Sepkoski's reference number: 691]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cunnolites by Baron-Szabo (2002).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).
Plesiocunnolitopsis was named by Alloiteau (1957) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno K Maes]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cunnolites by Baron-Szabo (2002).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).
Zittelofungia was named by Duncan (1884) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l Sepkoski's reference number: 86]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cyclolites by Wells (1956).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1772	Cunnolites Gagnebin
1801	Cyclolites Lamarck
1884	Zittelofungia Duncan
1956	Cyclolites Wells
1957	Plesiocunnolitopsis Alloiteau
1964	Paracunnolites Beauvais
2002	Cunnolites Baron-Szabo
2002	Cunnolites Sepkoski
2002	Cyclolites Sepkoski
2002	Paracunnolites Sepkoski
2002	Plesiocunnolitopsis Sepkoski
2002	Zittelofungia Sepkoski
2005	Cyclolites López-Pérez p. 82

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()

Rank	Name	Author
order	Scleractinia	Bourne 1900
suborder	Microsolenina	Morycowa and Roniewicz 1995
family	Cunnolitidae	Alloiteau 1952
genus	Cunnolites	Gagnebin 1772

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Cunnolites Gagnebin 1772

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Subg. †Cunnolites (Paracunnolites) Beauvais 1964

†Cunnolites (Paracunnolites) krumbecki Stefani 1913

†Cunnolites angiostoma Kühn 1933

†Cunnolites cancellata Goldfuss 1826

Invalid names: Cunnolites filamentosa Forbes 1846 [synonym], Cunnolites medlicotti Noetling 1897 [synonym], Cyclolites anomala Duncan 1880 [synonym], Cyclolites striata Duncan 1880 [synonym], Cycloseris minima de Fromentel 1863 [synonym]

†Cunnolites cereviciana Pratz 1910

†Cunnolites giganteus d'Orbigny 1850

Invalid names: Cunnolites ligeriensis Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851 [synonym], Cyclolites quenstedti Oppenheim 1930 [synonym], Cyclolites robustus Quenstedt 1881 [synonym]

†Cunnolites gosavicus Oppenheim 1930

†Cunnolites heberti Tournouer 1872

†Cunnolites humilis Quenstedt 1880

†Cunnolites jamaicaensis Wells 1934

†Cunnolites japonica Eguchi 1951

†Cunnolites nummulus Reuss 1854

†Cunnolites orbignyi de Fromentel 1864

†Cunnolites phillipsiae Gregory 1900

†Cunnolites polymorphus Goldfuss 1826

Invalid names: Cunnolites dispar Quenstedt 1881 [synonym], Cunnolites planialpici Alloiteau 1957 [synonym], Cunnolites regularis Leymerie 1880 [synonym], Cunnolites reussi Fromentel 1870 [synonym], Cunnolites sellata Quenstedt 1880 [synonym], Cunnolites sororius Quenstedt 1881 [synonym], Cyclolites krumbecki de Stefani 1913 [synonym], Cyclolites ranikoti Duncan 1880 [synonym], Cyclolites undulata Goldfuss 1826 [synonym], Cyclolites vicaryi Duncan 1880 [synonym]

†Cunnolites profundus Oppenheim 1930

†Cunnolites rhomboideus Oppenheim 1901

†Cunnolites scutellum Reuss 1854

Invalid names: Cunnolites faecata Stoliczka 1873 [synonym], Cyclolites crenulata Dunca 1880 [synonym]

†Cunnolites tenuiradiata Fromentel 1863

Invalid names: Cyclolites haimei Duncan 1880 [synonym], Cyclolites superba Duncan 1880 [synonym], Cyclolites thomasi Wells 1935 [synonym]

Invalid names: Cyclolites Lamarck 1801 [synonym], Paracunnolites Beauvais 1964 [synonym], Plesiocunnolites [synonym], Plesiocunnolitopsis Alloiteau 1957 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragoniteo

Grouping:

colonialo

Clonal:

yeso

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

intermediate-level epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

alternatingo

Asexual:

yeso

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-29 09:14:11

Modified:

2004-02-29 11:14:11

Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Aptian to the top of the Late/Upper Eocene or 122.46000 to 33.90000 Ma

Collections (99 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Cretaceous	145.0 - 66.0	Iran (Semirom)	C. angiostoma (233112)
Cretaceous	145.0 - 66.0	Iran (Fars)	C. numismalis, C. angiostoma, C. cancellata, C. scutellum, C. giganteus (233243)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Switzerland	Cyclolites aptiensis (76998) Cyclolites schardti (76999)
Late/Upper Aptian	122.46 - 113.0	Japan (Iwate)	Cyclolites japonica (91327)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Ukraine	Cyclolites scutellum (87060)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	China	Plesiocunnolites ellipticus, Plesiocunnolites sp. (161886)
Senonian	100.5 - 66.0	Slovakia	Cyclolites sp. (87243)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Azerbaijan	C. profundus (86680)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	Austria (Styria)	C. sp. (25482)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	France	C. sp. (67011)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	Germany	C. undulatus (74484)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	Netherlands	Cyclolites cancellata (85265)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	Austria	C. polymorpha (74905) C. polymorphus (74895)
Santonian - Campanian	86.3 - 72.1	Slovenia	C. depressa (68736) C. depressa, C. cycloides, C. reussi, C. robusta, C. dispar (68737) C. orbignyi, C. faecata (68735) C. reussi, C. robusta, C. orbignyi (91742) C. sellata, C. robusta, C. scutellum, C. undulata, C. orbignyi, C. faecata, C. gosavicus (68738) C. sp. (23071 23073)
Santonian - Campanian	86.3 - 72.1	Croatia	C. longifossata, C. profundus (91741) C. longifossata, C. profundus, C. nummulus (91739) C. profundus, C. orbignyi, C. nummulus (91740)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.8 - 83.5	Austria	C. sp. (146295)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Serbia and Montenegro	C. profunda, C. barrerei, C. conoidea, C. macrostomata, C. numismalis, C. reussi, C. scutellum, C. polymorphus, C. filamentosa, C. gigantea, C. quenstedti, C. ligeriensis, C. sororius, C. faecata, C. nummulus (79223)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Spain	C. sp. (67084)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Portugal	C. felixi, C. regularis (74563)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Bulgaria	C. barrerei, C. macrostoma, C. undulatiformis, C. mitissimus, C. alticonoideus, C. bulgaricus, C. ogilviae, C. yaroslavensis, C. sororius, C. undulatus (67573)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Greece	C. scutellum (64308)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	China (Xizang)	C. regularis (74288 74290) Micrabacia disca (74285 74289)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Oman	C. elliptica (67010) C. sp. (151655)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Slovakia	Cyclolites mitissimus (87244)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Spain	C. sp. (24251)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Turkey	Cyclolites subcircularis, Cyclolites undulatus (74506)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Serbia and Montenegro	Cyclolites cereviciana, Cyclolites polymorpha, Cyclolites elliptica (87672) Cyclolites sp. (160660 160661 160662 160663 160665)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Saudi Arabia	C. sp., Cyclolites sp. (184844)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Somalia	Paracunnolites humilis (74508)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Romania	C. sp., Cyclolites sp. (155181)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Oman	C. profundus (67455)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France	Cyclolites sp. (82889)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Oman	C. elliptica, C. medicotta, C. tenuiradiata, C. minima (67009) C. sp. (151653 206407 206417 206438)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	United Arab Emirates	C. sp. (12766 206410 206440)
Late/Upper Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	United Arab Emirates	C. trifurcata, C. macrostoma, C. medlicotti, C. sororius, C. profundus, C. krumbecki (67456)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Jamaica	C. sp. (27650)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Saudi Arabia	C. elliptica, C. reussi, C. humilis, C. minima (85308) C. elliptica, C. reussi, C. tenuiradiata, C. humilis, C. minima (85302 85306) C. humilis, C. minima (85304) C. macrostoma (85303 85307) C. macrostoma, C. undulata, C. orbignyi (85305)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Serbia and Montenegro	C. barrerei, C. conoidea, C. macrostomata, C. numismalis, C. polymorphus, C. filamentosa, C. gigantea, C. quenstedti, C. ligeriensis, C. sororius (79224) C. ellipticus (79222)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Bulgaria	C. barrerei, C. beaussetensis, C. undulatiformis, C. mitissimus, C. reussi, C. undulatus (67574) C. barrerei, C. subcircularis, C. undulatiformis, C. mitissimus, C. rugosa, C. reussi, C. sororius, C. undulatus (67572) C. rugosa, C. barrerei, C. subcircularis, C. breznicensis, C. tenuilamellatus, C. subaequalis, C. reussi, Paracunnolites humilis, C. sororius, C. planialpici, C. faecata (67569)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Iran	Cyclolites numismalis, Cyclolites angiostoma, Cyclolites medlicotti, Cyclolites robustus, Cyclolites scutellum (87113)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Oman	C. sp. (151618 151619 151656)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Jamaica (Portland)	Cyclolites jamaicaensis (88525)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Libya	Cyclolites krumbecki (87599)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Turkey	Cyclolites sp. (200056)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Jamaica	C. sp. (27649)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	India	Fungia filamentosa (41428)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Netherlands (Limburg)	Cyclolites cancellata (85267 85268 85271 85273)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Netherlands (Limburg)	Cyclolites cancellata (85263)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Somalia	Cyclolites phillipsiae (87396)
Selandian - Thanetian	61.6 - 56.0	Pakistan (Sind)	Cyclolites alpina, Cyclolites striata, Cyclolites anomala, Cyclolites haimei, Cyclolites superba, Cyclolites crenulata, Cyclolites ranikoti, Cyclolites vicaryi, Cyclolites altavillensis (11289)
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	USA (California)	Cyclolites sp. (36863)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	India	Cyclolites sp. (42883)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Jamaica	Cyclolites thomasi (77033)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Italy	Cyclolites sp. (146612)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Pakistan	Cyclolites orientalis (11291)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Germany (Bavaria)	Cyclolites heberti (10703)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Hungary	Cyclolites heberti (123843) Cyclolites heberti, Cyclolites rhomboideus (123836 123837) Cyclolites rhomboideus (123904)