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Rhinobatidae
Taxonomy
Rhinobatidae was named by Müller and Henle (1837). It is extant.
It was assigned to Selachii by Woodward (1889); to Sarcura by Jordan (1963); to Squatinorajiformes by Cassier (1966); to Rhinobatoidea by Jonet (1968) and Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Batoidea by Goodwin et al. (1999); to Rhinobatiformes by Purdy et al. (2001); to Rhinobatoidei by Case (1978), Cappetta (1980), Case (1981), Thies (1983), Cappetta (1987), Biddle (1993), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Kriwet et al. (2007), Kriwet et al. (2009) and Guinot et al. (2012); to Rajiformes by Herman (1977), Peng et al. (2001), Underwood (2002), Underwood and Ward (2004), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Everhart (2007) and Carnevale et al. (2014); to Pristiformes by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Rhinopristiformes by Ebersole et al. (2019) and Marramà et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Selachii by Woodward (1889); to Sarcura by Jordan (1963); to Squatinorajiformes by Cassier (1966); to Rhinobatoidea by Jonet (1968) and Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Batoidea by Goodwin et al. (1999); to Rhinobatiformes by Purdy et al. (2001); to Rhinobatoidei by Case (1978), Cappetta (1980), Case (1981), Thies (1983), Cappetta (1987), Biddle (1993), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Kriwet et al. (2007), Kriwet et al. (2009) and Guinot et al. (2012); to Rajiformes by Herman (1977), Peng et al. (2001), Underwood (2002), Underwood and Ward (2004), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Everhart (2007) and Carnevale et al. (2014); to Pristiformes by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Rhinopristiformes by Ebersole et al. (2019) and Marramà et al. (2020).
Subtaxa
Aellopos, Arthrobatis (syn. Arthropterus), Belemnobatis, Cyclarthrus, Demiurga, Eorhinobatos, Euryarthra, Glaucostegus, Isidobatus, Myledaphus, Paratrygonorrhina, Platypterix, Pseudorhinobatos, Rhinobatos, Rhinobatus, Rhombopterygia, Rhynchobatis, Spathobatis, Squatinoraja, Syrrhina, Tarsistes, Terangabatis, Trygonorhina, Zapteryx
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1837 | Rhinobatidae Müller and Henle |
| 1889 | Rhinobatidae Woodward p. 77 |
| 1963 | Rhinobatidae Jordan p. 603 |
| 1966 | Rhinobatidae Cassier p. 89 |
| 1968 | Rhinobatidae Jonet p. 241 |
| 1977 | Rhinobatidae Herman p. 272 |
| 1978 | Rhinobatidae Case p. 193 |
| 1980 | Rhinobatidae Cappetta p. 178 |
| 1981 | Rhinobatidae Case p. 68 |
| 1983 | Rhinobatidae Thies p. 44 |
| 1987 | Rhinobatidae Cappetta p. 134 |
| 1987 | Rhinobatidae Kumar and Loyal p. 67 |
| 1993 | Rhinobatidae Biddle p. 215 |
| 1999 | Rhinobatidae Goodwin et al. p. 732 |
| 2001 | Rhinobatidae Peng et al. p. 8 |
| 2001 | Rhinobatidae Purdy et al. p. 89 |
| 2002 | Rhinobatidae Underwood |
| 2004 | Rhinobatidae Underwood and Ward p. 489 |
| 2005 | Rhinobatidae Tabuce et al. p. 387 |
| 2006 | Rhinobatidae Underwood p. 234 |
| 2007 | Rhinobatidae Cahuzac et al. p. 26 |
| 2007 | Rhinobatidae Everhart p. 226 |
| 2007 | Rhinobatidae Kriwet et al. |
| 2009 | Rhinobatidae Kriwet et al. p. 324 |
| 2012 | Rhinobatidae Guinot et al. |
| 2014 | Rhinobatidae Carnevale et al. p. 41 |
| 2016 | Rhinobatidae Nelson et al. p. 85 |
| 2019 | Rhinobatidae Ebersole et al. p. 106 |
| 2020 | Rhinobatidae Marramà et al. p. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Rhinobatidae Müller and Henle 1837
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G. †Arthrobatis Whitley 1940
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†Arthrobatis rileyi Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Arthropterus Agassiz 1843 [replaced]
G. †Belemnobatis Thiollière 1854
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†Belemnobatis kermacki Underwood and Ward 2004
†Belemnobatis noviodunumensis Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Belemnobatis picteti Cappetta 1975
†Belemnobatis sismondae Thiollière 1854
†Belemnobatis stahli Underwood and Ward 2004
†Belemnobatis variabilis Underwood and Rees 2002
G. †Demiurga Gistel 1848
G. †Glaucostegus Bonaparte 1845
G. Rhinobatos Link 1790
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†Rhinobatos auribatensis Adnet 2006
†Rhinobatos beurleni Silva Santos 1968
†Rhinobatos beurlini Silva Santos 1968
†Rhinobatos casieri Herman 1977
†Rhinobatos echavei Cappetta and Corral 1999
†Rhinobatos hakelensis Cappetta 1980
†Rhinobatos ibericus Cappetta and Corral 1999
†Rhinobatos incertus Cappetta 1973
†Rhinobatos incidens Kriwet 1999
†Rhinobatos intermedius Davis 1887
†Rhinobatos kiestensis Cappetta and Case 1999
†Rhinobatos ladoniaensis Cappetta and Case 1999
†Rhinobatos latus Davis 1887
†Rhinobatos lobatus Cappetta and Case 1999
†Rhinobatos maronita Pictet and Humbert 1866
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Invalid names: Rhinobatus grandis Davis 1887 [synonym]
†Rhinobatos obtusatus Costa 1864
†Rhinobatos primarmatus Woodward 1889
Rhinobatos rhinobatos Linnaeus 1758 [common guitarfish]
†Rhinobatos sahnii Sahni and Mehrotra 1981
†Rhinobatos seruensis Guinot et al. 2012
†Rhinobatos steurbauti Cappetta and Nolf 1981
†Rhinobatos tenuirostris Davis 1887
†Rhinobatos whitfieldi Hay 1903
G. †Rhinobatus
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†Rhinobatus antunesi Jonet 1968
†Rhinobatus bruxelliensis Jaekel 1894
†Rhinobatus eretes Hay 1903
†Rhinobatus morinicus Sauvage 1873
†Rhinobatus tesselatus von der Marck 1894
G. †Rhynchobatis Philippi 1857
G. †Spathobatis Thiollière 1849
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†Spathobatis bugesiacus Thiollière 1854
†Spathobatis delsatei Underwood and Ward 2004
†Spathobatis halteri Biddle and Landemaine 1988
†Spathobatis moorbergensis Thies 1983
†Spathobatis mutterlosei Thies 1983
†Spathobatis rugosus Underwood et al. 1999
†Spathobatis uppensis Thies 1983
†Spathobatis werneri Thies 1983
G. †Squatinoraja Nardo 1824
G. †Syrrhina Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Tarsistes Jordan 1919
G. †Terangabatis Guinot et al. 2023
G. †Trygonorhina
G. †Zapteryx Jordan and Gilbert 1880
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Toarcian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 182.70000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 174.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 174.1 Ma
Collections (424 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toarcian | France | Belemnobatis moorbergensis (91438) | |
| Aalenian | France | Belemnobatis noviodunumensis (91437) | |
| Aalenian | Germany | Belemnobatis moorbergensis (91436) Spathobatis moorbergensis (137168) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Belemnobatis stahli (91452) Spathobatis delsatei, Belemnobatis kermacki (91450) | |
| Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Spathobatis delsatei (91449) | |
| Callovian | United Kingdom | Spathobatis werneri (137185) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | Spain | Belemnobatis sp. (151897) Spathobatis sp. (151900) | |
| Kimmeridgian | Germany | Spathobatis sp., Spathobatis uppensis, Spathobatis mutterlosei (137193) | |
| Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | Spain | Belemnobatis sp. (151902) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Belemnobatis sismondae (154138) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | United Kingdom (England) | Spathobatis bugesiacus (140224) | |
| Tithonian | Ethiopia (Shewa) | Rhinobatos sp. (48841) | |
| Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Belemnobatis variabilis (61930) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Belemnobatis variabilis (90718 90719 90721 90728) | |
| Early/Lower Valanginian | France (Gard) | Spathobatis sp., Belemnobatis sismondae (213631) | |
| Late/Upper Valanginian | Poland | Belemnobatis sp. (213519) | |
| Valanginian | France | Belemnobatis sp., Spathobatis sp. (214859) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Spathobatis rugosus (66420) | |
| Hauterivian - Aptian | Tunisia (Tataouine) | Rhinobatos sp. (116296) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Teruel) | Rhinobatos picteti, Spathobatis halteri, Rhinobatos incidens (91420) | |