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Elopidae
Taxonomy
Elopidae was named by Bonaparte (1846). It is extant. Its type is Elops.
It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Woodward (1901); to Isospondyli by Jordan (1921); to Clupeoidei by Estes (1964); to Clupeoidea by Casier (1966); to Elopoidea by Jordan (1963) and Applegate (1970); to Elopoidei by Forey (1973) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); and to Elopiformes by Estes and Berberian (1970), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Forey et al. (2003), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016) and Lin et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Woodward (1901); to Isospondyli by Jordan (1921); to Clupeoidei by Estes (1964); to Clupeoidea by Casier (1966); to Elopoidea by Jordan (1963) and Applegate (1970); to Elopoidei by Forey (1973) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); and to Elopiformes by Estes and Berberian (1970), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Forey et al. (2003), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016) and Lin et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1846 | Elopidae Bonaparte |
| 1901 | Elopidae Woodward p. 7 |
| 1921 | Elopidae Jordan p. 242 |
| 1963 | Elopidae Jordan p. 617 |
| 1964 | Elopidae Estes p. 48 |
| 1966 | Elopidae Casier p. 117 |
| 1970 | Elopidae Applegate p. 405 |
| 1970 | Elopidae Estes and Berberian p. 3 |
| 1973 | Elopidae Forey p. 7 |
| 1981 | Elopidae Thurmond and Jones p. 88 |
| 2001 | Elopidae Peng et al. p. 16 |
| 2001 | Elopidae Purdy et al. p. 162 |
| 2003 | Elopidae Forey et al. p. 228 |
| 2012 | Elopidae Fierstine et al. p. 12 |
| 2013 | Elopidae Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Elopidae Nelson et al. p. 135 |
| 2017 | Elopidae Lin et al. p. 884 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Elopidae Bonaparte 1846
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G. †Anaethalion White 1938
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†Anaethalion knorri de Blainville 1818
†Anaethalion valdensis Woodward 1907
†Anaethalion zapporum Arratia 2000
Invalid names: Aethalion Munster 1842 [replaced]
G. †Hemielopopsis Bassani 1879
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†Hemielopopsis gracilis Bassani 1879
†Hemielopopsis suessi Bassani 1879
G. †Hypsodon Agassiz 1837
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†Hypsodon lewesiensis Agassiz 1837
Invalid names: Thrissopater Gunther 1872 [synonym]
G. †Notelops Woodward 1901
G. †Rhacolepis Agassiz 1843
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†Rhacolepis buccalis Agassiz 1841
†Rhacolepis latus Agassiz 1841
†Rhacolepis olfersii Agassiz 1833
G. †Thrissopteroides von der Marck 1873
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†Thrissopteroides elongatus von der Marck 1873
†Thrissopteroides intermedius von der Marck 1885
†Thrissopteroides latus von der Marck 1873
†Thrissopteroides pulcher Davis 1887
†Thrissopteroides tenuiceps Woodward 1896
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Holocene or 155.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 150.8 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 150.8 Ma
Collections (56 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bavaria) | Anaethalion sp. (150583) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bayern) | Anaethalion zapporum, Elopsomolos sp. (59175) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Eastern Barvaria) | Anaethalion cirinensis (187436) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Anaethalion angustus, Anaethalion cirinensis (154138) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Elopidae indet. (35262) | |
| Early/Lower Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Elops neocomiensis (66421) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain | Ichthyemidion vivaldi (123437) | |
| Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | Belgium (Sauerland) | Anaethalion robustus (22645) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceara) | Paraelops cearensis (142447) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Notelops brama, Rhacolepis buccalis (193049 193054) Notelops brama, Rhacolepis buccalis, Paraelops cearenses (193050) Rhacolepis buccalis (193052 193053) Rhacolepis buccalis, Paraelops cearenses (193051) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | Brazil (Pernacumbo) | Notelops brama, Paraelops cearenses, Racholepis sp. (165422) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | Russian Federation (Nerchinsk) | Pholidophorus macrorhynchus (142140) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | Italy (Campania) | Anaethalion sp. (112631) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Mexico (Puebla) | Notelops sp. (80283) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Croatia | Hemielopopsis suessi (221022) Hemielopopsis suessi, Hemielopopsis gracilis (123550) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Lebanon | Ctenodentelops striatus (124426) | |
| Middle Coniacian | USA (Wyoming) | Hypsodon sp. (87765) | |
| Santonian | USA (Wyoming) | Hypsodon radiatulus (87781 87782) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Lebanon | Clupea pulchra (170327) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | Palelops eutawensis (81932 82047 82049) | |
| Campanian | New Zealand (South Island) | Thrissopater sp. (101382) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Utah) | Elopidae indet. (14421) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Germany | Thrissopteroides elongatus, Thrissopteroides latus, Thrissopteroides intermedius (213198) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Elopidae indet. (119088) Paratarpon apogerontus (34302 34321) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Arizona) | Elopidae indet. (24915 32301) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Paratarpon sp. (229975) | |
| Lancian | USA (South Dakota) | Elopidae indet. (14537) | |
| Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Elopidae indet. (14505 14519 14538 14566) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Paratarpon sp. (179280 179290) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Elopidae indet. (13142) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Elopidae indet. (14585) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Elops sp., Esocelops cavifrons (13299) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | Elops sp. (209370) | |
| Lutetian | France | Elops miiformis (188958 188961) Elops miriformis (188960) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Elopidae indet. (68021) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | Ectasis proriger (120822) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Elops saurus (20604) | |
| Holocene | Turks and Caicos Islands | Elops saurus (209855) |