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Edmontosaurus regalis

Reptilia - Hadrosauridae

Taxonomy
Edmontosaurus regalis was named by Lambe (1917). Its type specimen is NMC 2288, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is mouth of Three Hills Creek, Horsethief Canyon (200 ft level), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Canada.

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1874Agathaumas milo Cope p. 10ff
1901Agathaumas milo Nopcsa p. 216
1917Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe pp. 65-73
1920Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe p. 66
1924Edmontosaurus regalis Gilmore p. 34
1927Edmontosaurus regalis Huene p. 260
1930Edmontosaurus regalis Hay p. 213
1930Edmontosaurus regalis Riabinin p. 14
1930Edmontosaurus regalis Russell p. 151
1933Edmontosaurus regalis Gilmore p. 62
1933Edmontosaurus regalis Russell p. 129
1935Edmontosaurus regalis Parks p. 193
1936Edmontosaurus regalis Nagao p. 186
1940Edmontosaurus regalis Wilfarth p. 6
1942Edmontosaurus regalis Lull and Wright p. 154
1942Edmontosaurus regalis Wiman p. 243
1960Edmontosaurus regalis Langston p. 349
1964Edmontosaurus regalis Kuhn p. 19
1964Edmontosaurus regalis Russell p. 15
1964Edmontosaurus regalis Tatarinov p. 564
1966Edmontosaurus regalis Russell p. 16
1967Edmontosaurus regalis Russell and Chamney p. 11
1979Edmontosaurus regalis Brett-Surman p. 561 fig. 1
1980Edmontosaurus regalis Drake p. 197
1981Edmontosaurus regalis McIntosh p. 31
1983Edmontosaurus regalis Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1985Edmontosaurus regalis Breithaupt p. 169
1990Edmontosaurus regalis Weishampel and Horner p. 557
1991Edmontosaurus regalis Weishampel et al. p. 204
1992Edmontosaurus regalis Horner p. 15
1992Edmontosaurus regalis Hunt and Lucas p. 228
1997Edmontosaurus regalis Eberth p. 201
1997Edmontosaurus regalis Forster p. 294 fig. 2
1998Edmontosaurus regalis Godefroit et al. p. 26
2000Edmontosaurus regalis Currie p. 277
2004Edmontosaurus regalis Horner et al. p. 440
2006Edmontosaurus regalis Kirkland et al. p. 311 fig. 13
2006Edmontosaurus regalis Lund and Gates p. 271
2007Edmontosaurus regalis Gates et al. p. 928 fig. 11
2009Edmontosaurus regalis Evans et al. p. 1316
2010Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Marquez p. 847
2010Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Marquez and Salinas p. 835 fig. 20
2010Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Márquez p. 5 fig. 2
2010Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Márquez and Wagner p. 1243 fig. 3
2011Edmontosaurus regalis Bell p. 705
2011Edmontosaurus regalis Brown and Druckenmiller p. 1350
2011Edmontosaurus regalis Campione and Evans p. 7
2011Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Márquez p. 63
2012Edmontosaurus regalis Godefroit et al. p. 551
2012Edmontosaurus regalis Godefroit et al. p. 18 fig. 19
2012Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Márquez p. 524
2012Edmontosaurus regalis Ramírez-Velasco et al. p. 392
2012Edmontosaurus regalis Saveliev et al. p. 80
2013Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Marquez
2014Edmontosaurus regalis Bell p. 575
2014Edmontosaurus regalis Bell et al. p. 70
2014Edmontosaurus regalis Campione p. 210
2014Edmontosaurus regalis Currie and Koppelhus p. 1034
2014Edmontosaurus regalis Prieto-Márquez p. 284
2014Edmontosaurus regalis Xing et al. p. 1813
2015Edmontosaurus regalis Evans et al. p. 643
2015Edmontosaurus regalis Tan et al. p. 254
2016Edmontosaurus regalis Bell and Currie p. 1
2016Edmontosaurus regalis Lehman et al. p. 350
2016Edmontosaurus regalis Mori et al. p. 16
2017Edmontosaurus regalis Cruzado-Caballero and Powell p. 7
2017Edmontosaurus regalis Ullmann et al. p. 782
2018Edmontosaurus regalis Fondevilla et al. p. 18
2018Edmontosaurus regalis Gates et al. p. 30
2019Edmontosaurus regalis Drysdale et al. p. 18
2019Edmontosaurus regalis Farke and Yip p. 60
2019Edmontosaurus regalis Herne et al. p. 556
2019Edmontosaurus regalis Takasaki et al. p. 2
2020Edmontosaurus regalis Dalla Vecchia p. 594
2020Edmontosaurus regalis Siviero et al. p. 202
2020Edmontosaurus regalis Snyder et al. p. 7
2021Edmontosaurus regalis Brownstein p. 181
2021Edmontosaurus regalis Holland et al. p. 3
2021Edmontosaurus regalis Kobayashi et al. p. 1
2021Edmontosaurus regalis McDonald et al. p. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Ornithischia()
—Genasauria
—Cerapoda
—Ornithopoda()
—Clypeodonta
—Iguanodontia()
—Dryomorpha
—Styracosterna
—Hadrosauriformes
—Hadrosauroidea()
familyHadrosauridae
subfamilyHadrosaurinaeLambe 1918
tribeEdmontosauriniGlut 1997
genusEdmontosaurus
speciesregalis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe 1917
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Invalid names: Agathaumas milo Cope 1874 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
N. E. Campione and D. C. Evans 2011Hadrosaurine hadrosaurid characterized by the following autapomorphies: well-developed caudally directed reflected lateral margin of premaxilla; strongly excavated narial fossa along caudoventral margin of naris; well-developed fossa along orbital margin of prefrontal; large contribution of frontal to orbital margin; presence of a large fossa along orbital edge of the postorbital ( = postorbital ‘pocket’).
A. Prieto-Márquez 2014E. annectens shows a longer prenarial region of the skull and a postorbital fossa and caudodorsal region of the nasal vestibule that are both less deeply excavated than in the other species, E. regalis.
H. Xing et al. 2014Hadrosaurine dinosaur of the genus Edmontosaurus that has the following autapomorphies: tapered ventral expansion of the subrectangular anterior end of the nasal; and mediolaterally wide, nearly horizontal shelf along the dorsal-facing base of the postorbital sutural surface of the jugal. Also diagnosed by the following unique combination of features: relatively short anteroposteriorly prenarial region of the snout that is no more than 25% as long as the skull; two premaxillary foramina in the prenarial region of the circumnarial fossa; postorbital strongly expanded laterally; deep fossa along the right-angled lateral half of the posteroventral side of the prefrontal; and truncated dorsolateral process of the laterosphenoid, whose length is about half the width of the paired sphenooccipital tubercles. This taxon differs from Edmontosaurus annectens in having an anteroposteriorly short and dorsoventrally high cranium, a more swollen oral margin of the premaxilla that is posterodorsally reflected and lip-shaped, a slight insertion of the nasals into the frontals with a proportionally longer external interfrontal suture, and an anteroposteriorly wide, strongly bulgy laterally jugal process of the postorbital accompanied by a greater development of the postorbital pocket (partially modified from Campione and Evans, 2011).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2005-08-25 05:54:20
Modified: 2005-08-25 07:54:20
Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995, Benton 1983

Age range: Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 70.60000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (8 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Edmontosaurus sp. (52077)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Edmontosaurus regalis (type locality: 51316 69621 220119) Edmontosaurus sp. (76062 94370) Trachodontidae indet. (49234)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Agathaumas milo (49524)