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Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum
Taxonomy
Gargoyleosaurus parkpini was named by Carpenter et al. (1998). Its type specimen is DMNH 27726. Its type locality is Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West), which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian terrestrial sandstone/mudstone in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).
It was misspelled as Gargoyleosaurus parkpinoorum by Han et al. (2014); it was corrected as Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum by Blows (2001), Carpenter (2001), Buchholz (2002), Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola (2003), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Kilbourne and Carpenter (2005), Mateus (2006), Chure et al. (2006), Galton (2007), Kirkland et al. (2013), Blows and Honeysett (2014) and Kineer et al. (2016).
It was misspelled as Gargoyleosaurus parkpinoorum by Han et al. (2014); it was corrected as Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum by Blows (2001), Carpenter (2001), Buchholz (2002), Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola (2003), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Kilbourne and Carpenter (2005), Mateus (2006), Chure et al. (2006), Galton (2007), Kirkland et al. (2013), Blows and Honeysett (2014) and Kineer et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1998 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpini Carpenter et al. pp. 782-3 fig. 1 |
2000 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpini Ford p. 176 |
2001 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Blows p. 376 |
2001 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Carpenter p. 457 |
2001 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpini Clark p. 22 |
2002 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Buchholz p. 18 |
2003 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola p. 160 |
2004 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Vickaryous et al. p. 364 |
2005 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Kilbourne and Carpenter pp. 112-114 |
2006 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Chure et al. p. 237 |
2006 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Mateus p. 231 |
2007 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Galton p. 19 |
2013 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Kirkland et al. p. 5 |
2014 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Blows and Honeysett p. 838 |
2014 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinoorum Han et al. p. 12 fig. 10 |
2016 | Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Kineer et al. p. 42 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Carpenter et al. 1998
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Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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K. Carpenter et al. 1998 | Gargoylesaurus differs from all other ankylosaurids in the presence of seven premaxillary teeth; the crown base of the cheek teeth are not swollen into the typical ankylosaur cingulum; the premaxilla has a notch in the shape of an inverted U at the front; there is no secondary palate in the roof of the mouth; nostril openings face laterally as in Ankylosaurus, Shamosaurus and most nodosaurids; the vomer is not expanded upwardly to bisect the nasal cavity; the air passage is straight rather than convoluted as seen in later ankylosaurids; centra of all vertebrae are elongated, unlike the short, wide centra of Mymoorapelta; tips of caudal neural spines are not expanded as in Mymoorapelta; the first armour ring of the neck consists of five partly fused plates; the second armour ring consists of six partly fused plates; at least two elongated spines extend from each shoulder; body armour consists of thin walled cones, unlike the solid conical armour of Mymoorapelta. |