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Tarbosaurus bataar

Reptilia - Tyrannosauridae

Taxonomy

Tyrannosaurus bataar was named by Maleev (1955). Its type specimen is PIN 551-1, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nemegt locality (PIN coll. 551) [MPE], which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).

It was recombined as Jenghizkhan bataar by Olshevsky (1995) and Olshevsky (2000); it was recombined as Tarbosaurus bataar by Rozhdestvensky (1965), Kielan-Jaworowska (1969), Osmólska and Roniewicz (1970), Russell (1970), Rozhdestvensky (1974), Kurzanov (1976), Gradzinski et al. (1977), Rozhdestvensky (1977), Molnar (1978), Molnar (1980), Kielan-Jaworowska (1984), Gauthier (1986), Molnar et al. (1990), Molnar (1991), Buffetaut (1992), Currie (1992), Osmólska (1996), Coy (1997), Osmólska (1997), Osmólska (1997), Barsbold (1997), Ryan (1997), Currie and Padian (1997), Currie (2000), Currie et al. (2003), Rauhut (2003), Currie et al. (2003), Currie (2003), Holtz (2004), Malkani (2006), Urban and Lamanna (2006), Averianov (2007), Saveliev and Alifanov (2007), Paulina Carabajal and Canale (2010), Fowler et al. (2011), Hone et al. (2011), Carr et al. (2011), Bell et al. (2012), Thomson et al. (2013), Poropat and Kear (2013), Armitage and Anderson (2013), Dalman (2013), Parsons and Parsons (2015) and McDonald et al. (2018).

Synonyms

Tarbosaurus efremovi was named by Maleev (1955). Its type specimen is PIN 551-3, a skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nemegt locality (PIN coll. 551) [MPE], which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia.

It was synonymized subjectively with Tyrannosaurus bataar by Rozhdestvensky (1965), Paul (1988), Carpenter (1992) and Holtz (2001); it was synonymized subjectively with Tarbosaurus bataar by Molnar et al. (1990), Molnar (1991), Currie (2000), Currie (2003) and Holtz (2004).
Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis was named by Dong (1977). Its type specimen is IVPP V4878, a partial skeleton, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Lianmuqin, Shanshan (IVPP Loc. 66012), which is in a Campanian/Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Subashi Formation of China.

It was corrected as Shanshanosaurus houyanshanensis by Zhai et al. (1978), Lehman and Carpenter (1990) and Dong (2001); it was recombined as Aublysodon huoyanshanensis by Paul (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Tarbosaurus bataar by Currie (2000), Currie (2003), Holtz (2004), Poropat and Kear (2013) and Carr (2023).
Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis was named by Dong (1979). It is not extant. Its type specimen is NIGP V.4733. Its type locality is Songping, Luanchuan (IVPP), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial mudstone/sandstone in the Qiupa Formation of China.

It was recombined as Tarbosaurus luanchuanensis by Olshevsky (1992); it was recombined as Jenghizkhan luanchuanensis by Olshevsky (2000); it was synonymized subjectively with Tarbosaurus bataar by Holtz (2004); it was misspelled as Tyrannosaurus luanchuensis by Lü (2008) and Jiang et al. (2011).
Gorgosaurus lancinator was named by Maleev (1955). Its type specimen is PIN 553-1, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Altan Ula II [SMPE] (PIN coll. 553), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia.

It was recombined as Deinodon loncinator by Tatarinov (1964); it was synonymized subjectively with Tyrannosaurus bataar by Rozhdestvensky (1965), Paul (1988), Carpenter (1992) and Holtz (2001); it was recombined as Aublysodon lancinator by Charig (1967); it was synonymized subjectively with Jenghizkhan bataar by Olshevsky (2000); it was synonymized subjectively with Tarbosaurus bataar by Molnar et al. (1990), Currie (2000), Currie (2003) and Holtz (2004).
Gorgosaurus novojilovi was named by Maleev (1955). Its type specimen is PIN 552-2, a skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Tsagan Hushu [MPE/SMGE] (PIN coll. 552), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial siliciclastic in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia.

It was recombined as Deinodon novojilovi by Tatarinov (1964); it was synonymized subjectively with Tyrannosaurus bataar by Rozhdestvensky (1965), Paul (1988), Carr (1999) and Holtz (2001); it was recombined as Aublysodon novojilovi by Charig (1967); it was recombined as Tarbosaurus novojilovi by Currie (1992); it was recombined as Maleevosaurus novojilovi by Carpenter (1992), Osmólska (1996), Osmólska (1997) and Rauhut (2003); it was synonymized subjectively with Tarbosaurus bataar by Molnar (1978), Currie (2000), Currie (2003) and Holtz (2004).
Albertosaurus periculosus was named by Riabinin (1930). Its type specimen is PIN uncat. and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Jiayin, which is in a Maastrichtian floodplain sandstone/mudstone in the Yuliangzi Formation of China.

It was synonymized subjectively with Tarbosaurus bataar by Molnar et al. (1990) and Holtz (2004); it was considered a nomen nudum by Gilmore (1933); it was considered a nomen nudum by Dong (1992); it was considered a nomen dubium by Godefroit et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1930	Albertosaurus periculosus Riabinin
1931	Albertosaurus periculosus Stromer p. 9
1935	Albertosaurus periculosus Young
1939	Albertosaurus periculosus Kuhn p. 81
1955	Gorgosaurus lancinator Maleev
1955	Gorgosaurus novojilovi Maleev
1955	Tyrannosaurus bataar Maleev p. 634
1955	Tarbosaurus efremovi Maleev p. 779
1959	Albertosaurus periculosus Kobayashi p. 390
1960	Tyrannosaurus bataar Jeletzky p. 35
1964	Tarbosaurus efremovi Tatarinov p. 539
1964	Deinodon loncinator Tatarinov p. 540 fig. 578
1964	Deinodon novojilovi Tatarinov p. 540 fig. 578
1965	Tarbosaurus efremovi Kielan-Jaworowska and Kowalski p. 177
1965	Tarbosaurus bataar Rozhdestvensky
1967	Aublysodon lancinator Charig p. 714
1967	Aublysodon novojilovi Charig p. 714
1967	Tarbosaurus efremovi Charig p. 714
1967	Tyrannosaurus bataar Charig p. 714
1969	Tarbosaurus bataar Kielan-Jaworowska p. 36
1970	Tarbosaurus bataar Osmólska and Roniewicz p. 5
1970	Tarbosaurus bataar Russell p. 20
1970	Albertosaurus periculosus Steel p. 40
1970	Gorgosaurus lancinator Steel p. 41
1970	Gorgosaurus novojilovi Steel p. 41
1970	Tarbosaurus efremovi Steel p. 42
1970	Tyrannosaurus bataar Steel pp. 43-44
1970	Tarbosaurus efremovi Swinton p. 153
1970	Tyrannosaurus bataar Swinton p. 154
1974	Tarbosaurus bataar Rozhdestvensky p. 147
1976	Tarbosaurus bataar Kurzanov
1977	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Dong p. 59
1977	Tarbosaurus bataar Gradzinski et al. p. 302
1977	Tarbosaurus bataar Rozhdestvensky p. 112
1978	Tarbosaurus bataar Molnar p. 78
1978	Shanshanosaurus houyanshanensis Zhai et al. p. 72
1979	Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Dong p. 345 figs. Pl. 3:3
1980	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Chao p. 97
1980	Tarbosaurus bataar Molnar p. 103
1980	Tarbosaurus efremovi Molnar p. 134 fig. 3
1982	Tyrannosaurus bataar McGinnis p. 100
1983	Tarbosaurus efremovi Barsbold p. 96
1983	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Chen p. 141
1984	Tarbosaurus bataar Kielan-Jaworowska p. 97
1986	Tarbosaurus bataar Gauthier p. 9
1986	Shanshanosaurus houyanshanensis Guan p. 35
1986	Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Li et al. p. 136
1986	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Qi et al. p. 193
1986	Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Zhao p. 70–71
1986	Albertosaurus periculosus Zhao p. 71
1988	Aublysodon huoyanshanensis Paul p. 324
1988	Tyrannosaurus bataar Paul p. 340
1989	Tarbosaurus efremovi Mader and Bradley p. 49
1990	Shanshanosaurus houyanshanensis Lehman and Carpenter p. 1030
1990	Tarbosaurus bataar Molnar et al. p. 190
1990	Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Molnar et al. p. 190
1991	Tarbosaurus bataar Molnar p. 166
1992	Tarbosaurus bataar Buffetaut p. 135 fig. 2
1992	Tyrannosaurus bataar Carpenter p. 254
1992	Maleevosaurus novojilovi Carpenter p. 256
1992	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Currie p. 242
1992	Tarbosaurus bataar Currie p. 246
1992	Tarbosaurus novojilovi Currie p. 246
1992	Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Currie p. 247
1992	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Dong p. 165
1992	Tarbosaurus luanchuanensis Olshevsky p. 138
1992	Shanshanosaurus houyanshanensis Shen and Mateer p. 66
1995	Jenghizkhan bataar Olshevsky
1996	Maleevosaurus novojilovi Osmólska p. 27
1996	Tarbosaurus bataar Osmólska p. 27
1997	Tarbosaurus bataar Barsbold p. 448
1997	Tyrannosaurus bataar Carpenter p. 768
1997	Tarbosaurus bataar Coy p. 692
1997	Tarbosaurus bataar Currie and Padian p. 369
1997	Maleevosaurus novojilovi Osmólska p. 472
1997	Tarbosaurus bataar Osmólska p. 472
1997	Tarbosaurus bataar Ryan p. 443
2000	Tarbosaurus bataar Currie p. 448
2000	Jenghizkhan bataar Olshevsky p. 152
2000	Tarbosaurus efremovi Olshevsky pp. 152-153
2000	Jenghizkhan luanchuanensis Olshevsky p. 154
2001	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Currie and Dong
2001	Shanshanosaurus houyanshanensis Dong p. 100
2001	Tyrannosaurus bataar Holtz, Jr. pp. 70-71 fig. 7.2
2001	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Holtz, Jr. pp. 71-72
2003	Tarbosaurus bataar Currie p. 654
2003	Tarbosaurus bataar Currie et al. p. 3
2003	Tarbosaurus bataar Currie et al. p. 231
2003	Maleevosaurus novojilovi Rauhut p. 43
2003	Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Rauhut p. 43
2003	Tarbosaurus bataar Rauhut p. 43
2004	Tarbosaurus bataar Holtz, Jr. p. 113
2005	Tyrannosaurus bataar Carr et al. p. 140 fig. 21
2006	Tarbosaurus bataar Malkani p. 8
2006	Tarbosaurus bataar Urban and Lamanna p. 234
2007	Tarbosaurus bataar Averianov p. 538
2007	Tarbosaurus bataar Saveliev and Alifanov p. 282
2008	Tyrannosaurus luanchuensis Lü p. 51
2010	Tyrannosaurus bataar Carr p. 1218
2010	Tarbosaurus bataar Paulina Carabajal and Canale p. 249
2011	Tarbosaurus bataar Carr et al.
2011	Tarbosaurus bataar Fowler et al. p. 1
2011	Tarbosaurus bataar Hone et al. p. 496
2011	Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Jiang et al. p. 1150
2012	Tarbosaurus bataar Bell et al. p. 188
2013	Tarbosaurus bataar Armitage and Anderson p. 603
2013	Tarbosaurus bataar Dalman p. 242
2013	Tarbosaurus bataar Poropat and Kear p. 106
2013	Tarbosaurus bataar Thomson et al. p. 71
2015	Tarbosaurus bataar Parsons and Parsons p. 3
2017	Tyrannosaurus bataar Carr et al. p. 7
2018	Tarbosaurus bataar McDonald et al. p. 2

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
superfamily	Tyrannosauroidea
family	Tyrannosauridae
genus	Tarbosaurus
species	bataar	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Tarbosaurus bataar Maleev 1955

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Invalid names: Albertosaurus periculosus Riabinin 1930 [synonym], Gorgosaurus lancinator Maleev 1955 [synonym], Gorgosaurus novojilovi Maleev 1955 [synonym], Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Dong 1977 [synonym], Tarbosaurus efremovi Maleev 1955 [synonym], Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Dong 1979 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
E. A. Maleev 1955	Translated from Russian: Thecraniumoftheaforedescribedgiantcarnivorousdinosaur from the Nemegt approximates by its dimensions and peculiarities of its structure to the cranium of the largest carnivorous dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and excels in its size all the other deinodonts of the family Deinodontidae. It differs from T. rex by its elongated snout and a greater number of maxillary and dentary teeth (Table 1). The strong elongation of the facial part of the cranium and the greater number of maxillary and dentary teeth show clearly that the new species was somewhat more primitive than T. rex. In the latter we observe a reduction of the facial part of the cranium and decrease in the number of teeth.
K. Carpenter 1992	Angular terminates anterior to the surangular fenestra; surangular fenestra proportionally smaller than in Tyrannosaurus rex
K. Carpenter 1992 (Maleevosaurus novojilovi)	(Cranial) Maxilary fenestra small; pro-maxillary fenestra not visible laterally; antorbital fenestra proportionally very large, and much longer than high; lacrymal horn moderately developed, not rugose; postorbital not very rugose; lower ramus of maxilla low and slender. (Postcranial) Cervical neural spines tall, not as reduced as in other tyrannosaurids. Acrommion process of scapula virtually non-existant. Ischium has a very pronounced spur-like obturator process, and distally, the shaft curves downward. Metatarsal IV does not overlap metatarsal III at midshaft, nor does metatarsal III have much of an overlap of metatarsal II at midshaft.