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Proceratosaurus bradleyi
Taxonomy
Megalosaurus bradleyi was named by Woodward (1910). Its type specimen is BMNH 4860, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Minchinhampton reservoir (BMNH R4860), which is in a Bathonian/Bathonian marine limestone in the White Limestone Formation of the United Kingdom.
It was misspelled as Proceratosaurus bradlyi by Stromer (1934), Lapparent (1943), Lavocat (1955), Swinton (1970) and Rioult (1978); it was recombined as Proceratosaurus bradleyi by Huene (1926), Huene (1926), Stromer (1931), Janensch (1933), Kuhn (1939), Colbert and Russell (1969), Steel (1970), Paul (1988), Paul (1988), Rowe and Gauthier (1990), Holtz (1998), Rauhut (2003), Holtz et al. (2004), Yates (2005), Naish and Martill (2007), Rauhut et al. (2010), Carrano et al. (2012), Thomson et al. (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Serrano-Martínez et al. (2015), Rauhut et al. (2016) and Carr et al. (2017).
It was misspelled as Proceratosaurus bradlyi by Stromer (1934), Lapparent (1943), Lavocat (1955), Swinton (1970) and Rioult (1978); it was recombined as Proceratosaurus bradleyi by Huene (1926), Huene (1926), Stromer (1931), Janensch (1933), Kuhn (1939), Colbert and Russell (1969), Steel (1970), Paul (1988), Paul (1988), Rowe and Gauthier (1990), Holtz (1998), Rauhut (2003), Holtz et al. (2004), Yates (2005), Naish and Martill (2007), Rauhut et al. (2010), Carrano et al. (2012), Thomson et al. (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Serrano-Martínez et al. (2015), Rauhut et al. (2016) and Carr et al. (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1910 | Megalosaurus bradleyi Woodward p. 114 figs. Pl. 13 |
| 1915 | Megalosaurus bradleyi Stromer p. 6 |
| 1926 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Huene pp. 69-70 |
| 1931 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Stromer p. 6 |
| 1933 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Janensch p. 232 |
| 1934 | Proceratosaurus bradlyi Stromer p. 77 |
| 1939 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Kuhn p. 41 |
| 1943 | Megalosaurus bradleyi Lapparent p. 11 |
| 1955 | Megalosaurus bradleyi Lavocat p. 259 |
| 1969 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Colbert and Russell pp. 37-38 |
| 1970 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Steel pp. 36-37 |
| 1970 | Megalosaurus bradleyi Swinton pp. 139-140 |
| 1978 | Megalosaurus bradleyi Rioult p. 27 |
| 1988 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Paul p. 5 fig. 1 |
| 1990 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Rowe and Gauthier p. 165 |
| 1998 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Holtz, Jr. p. 40 |
| 2003 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Rauhut p. 20 |
| 2004 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 76 |
| 2005 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Yates p. 114 |
| 2007 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Naish and Martill p. 503 |
| 2010 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Rauhut et al. p. 157 |
| 2012 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Carrano et al. p. 240 |
| 2013 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Thomson et al. p. 71 |
| 2014 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Hendrickx and Mateus p. 21 |
| 2015 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Serrano-Martínez et al. p. 116 |
| 2016 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Rauhut et al. p. 2 |
| 2017 | Proceratosaurus bradleyi Carr et al. p. 9s |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Proceratosaurus bradleyi Woodward 1910
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| O. W. M. Rauhut et al. 2010 | Small to medium-sized theropod dinosaur (body length approximately 3 m) characterized by the following autapomorphies: anterior nasal process of the premaxilla inclined slightly anterodorsally, and nasal horn core overhanging the premaxillary internarial bar anteriorly; internarial bar of the premaxilla bifurcating posteriorly into a posteriorly directed ramus and a dorsally directed ramus; anterior end of the maxillary antorbital fossa placed considerably anterior and ventral to the promaxillary foramen; anteriormost dentary tooth curved anteriorly, and with the carinae oriented labiolingually. Furthermore, Proceratosaurus bradleyi can be distinguished from all other theropods by the following unique combination of characters: length of external nares more than 20% of skull length, and nares inclined posterodorsally; promaxillary foramen higher dorsoventrally than maxillary fenestra; presence of a midline crest on the nasals that begins at slightly less than one-third of the length of the external nares, from the anterior end; strongly expanded, sheet-like quadratojugal process of the squamosal; angular extends to the posterior end of the retroarticular process of the mandible; large, medially directed pendant process on the articular posterior to the jaw articulation; premaxillary teeth considerably smaller than maxillary teeth; premaxillary teeth with slight longitudinal striations; anteriormost teeth of the dentary procumbent; teeth with pronounced size difference between mesial and distal denticles. | |
| M. T. Carrano et al. 2012 | Coelurosaurian with: (1) anterior nasal process of premaxilla inclined slightly anterodorsally, with nasal horn core overhanging premaxillary internarial bar anteriorly; (2) premaxillary internarial bar bifurcated posteriorly; (3) promaxillary foramen located posterodorsal to anterior end of antorbital fossa; and (4) anteriormost dentary tooth curved anteriorly, with carinae oriented labiolingually (all from Rauhut et al. 2010). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983 | |||||
Age range: base of the Middle Bathonian to the top of the Late/Upper Bathonian or 167.70000 to 164.70000 Ma
Collections: one only
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Bathonian - Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Megalosaurus bradleyi (type locality: 45883) |