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Orcinus citoniensis
Taxonomy
Orca citoniensis was named by Capellini (1883) [No type specimen number is listed by Capellini (1883). The specimen number is from Hampe (2006), which probably refers to the type specimen.]. Its type specimen is MGGCB-1COC17, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Podere Poltriciano, which is in a Pliocene marine sandstone in Italy. It was considered monophyletic by Hampe (2006).
It was misspelled as Orcinus citoniensies by Murakami et al. (2014); it was recombined as Orcinus citoniensis by Trouessart (1904), Kellogg (1928), Pilleri and Pilleri (1982), Pilleri (1987), Heyning and Dahleim (1988), Pilleri (1988), Bianucci (1996), Hampe (2006) and Citron et al. (2022).
It was misspelled as Orcinus citoniensies by Murakami et al. (2014); it was recombined as Orcinus citoniensis by Trouessart (1904), Kellogg (1928), Pilleri and Pilleri (1982), Pilleri (1987), Heyning and Dahleim (1988), Pilleri (1988), Bianucci (1996), Hampe (2006) and Citron et al. (2022).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1883 | Orca citoniensis Capellini p. 8 figs. Plates 2-4 |
| 1887 | Orca citoniensis Lydekker p. 80 |
| 1891 | Orca citoniensis Newton p. 76 |
| 1898 | Orca citoniensis Trouessart p. 1048 |
| 1904 | Orcinus citoniensis Trouessart p. 771 |
| 1928 | Orcinus citoniensis Kellogg p. 71 |
| 1982 | Orcinus citoniensis Pilleri and Pilleri pp. 298-299 |
| 1987 | Orcinus citoniensis Pilleri p. 109 |
| 1988 | Orcinus citoniensis Heyning and Dahleim p. 3 |
| 1988 | Orcinus citoniensis Pilleri p. 24 |
| 1996 | Orcinus citoniensis Bianucci p. 94 |
| 2006 | Orcinus citoniensis Hampe p. 82 |
| 2014 | Orcinus citoniensies Murakami et al. p. 492 figs. Table 1 |
| 2022 | Orcinus citoniensis Citron et al. p. 169 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Orcinus citoniensis Capellini 1883
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| S. Citron et al. 2022 | Orcinus citoniensis shares with Orcinus orca the following character combination: large mesiodistally compressed teeth, a low tooth count per quadrant (n ≤ 14), the presence of a groove on the medial side of the upper teeth, a moderately high maxillary crest, a globose and ovoid antorbital process, a very deep orbit in which the ventral margin of the supraorbital process forms an almost 90 degree angle with the anterior margin of the postorbital process, a wide postorbital process that faces dorsolaterally, an occipital shield that is not inflated, a high coronoid process of the mandible, and aligned posterior margins of the mandibular angle and condyle.
Orcinus citoniensis differs from O. orca in the following characters: rostrum narrower at mid-length; premaxillae wider at mid-length of the rostrum, posterior wall of the antorbital notch formed by the maxilla; a larger anterior extension of the supraorbital process, the presence of a postorbital ridge, a shorter postorbital process, a thinner maxilla over the orbit, a less nuchal emargination of the zygomatic process of the squamosal, a straight ventral margin of the zygomatic process of the squamosal, a larger base of the acromion process of the scapula, and a smaller body size. |