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Grallator

Reptilia - Grallatoridae

Species lacking formal opinion data

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1858Grallator Hitchcock p. 72
1882Grallator Quenstedt p. 131
1898Grallator Hitchcock p. 401
1904Grallator Lull p. 494
1915Grallator Lull p. 200
1917Grallator Lull p. 116
1926Saurichnium anserinum Gürich p. 117
1927Grallator Hitchcock and Grier p. 186
1932Agialopous Branson and Mehl
1952Grallator Bock p. 402
1953Grallator Lull p. 153
1954Grallator Baird p. 182
1957Grallator Baird p. 453
1958Grallator Kuhn p. 22
1958Agialopous Kuhn p. 24
1963Grallator Kuhn p. 77
1963Agialopous Kuhn p. 89
1965Prototrisauropus Ellenberger
1967Grallator Lapparent and Montenat p. 33
1969Agailopous Haubold p. 98
1969Grallator Haubold p. 99
1970Qemetrisauropus Ellenberger p. 344
1970Prototrisauropus Ellenberger p. 345
1970Platysauropus Ellenberger p. 348
1970Kainotrisauropus Ellenberger p. 350
1971Agialopous Haubold p. 64
1971Grallator Haubold p. 66
1971Saurichnium anserinum Haubold p. 82
1972Grallator Demathieu and Haubold p. 806
1972Aetonychopus Ellenberger p. 152
1972Grallator Ellenberger p. 152
1972Plastisauropus Ellenberger p. 152
1972Platysauropus Ellenberger p. 152
1972Prototrisauropus Ellenberger p. 152
1972Qemetrisauropus Ellenberger p. 152
1974Qemetrisauropus Ellenberger p. 16
1974Aetonychopus Ellenberger p. 17
1974Plastisauropus Ellenberger p. 17
1974Kainotrisauropus Ellenberger p. 73
1974Agialopous Haubold p. 40
1974Grallator Haubold p. 43
1977Grallator Taquet p. 326
1979Grallator Madsen and Miller p. 36
1984Grallator Olsen and Galton p. 97
1986Grallator Zhen et al. p. 2
1987Chongqingpus Yang and Yang p. 13
1987Chongqingpus microiscus Yang and Yang p. 15 fig. 9
1987Chuanchengpus Yang and Yang p. 23–24 fig. 21
1987Chuanchengpus wuhuangensis Yang and Yang p. 23–24 fig. 21
1988Grallator Haderer p. 8
1989Grallator Zhen et al. p. 187
1991Grallator Gierlinski p. 137
1992Grallator Lockley p. 272
1994Grallator Gierlinski and Ahlberg p. 101
1994Grallator Vignaud et al. p. 497
1996Grallator Gierlinski p. 120
1998Grallator Hunt et al. p. 522
2000Grallator Leonardi and Mietto p. 197
2003Aetonychopus Romero Molina et al. p. 24
2003Agialopous Romero Molina et al. p. 24
2003Grallator Romero Molina et al. p. 24
2003Plastisauropus Romero Molina et al. p. 24
2003Prototrisauropus Romero Molina et al. p. 24
2003Qemetrisauropus Romero Molina et al. p. 24
2005Kainotrisauropus Knoll p. 84
2005Grallator Peng et al.
2006Grallator Lucas et al. p. 86–87
2006Grallator Lucas et al. p. 114
2006Grallator Weishampel p. 132
2009Grallator Gierlinski et al. p. 227
2009Chongqingpus microiscus Xing et al. p. 23
2011Grallator Niedźwiedzki p. 295
2012Grallator Dalman p. 336
2013Grallator microiscus Lockley et al. p. 6
2013Grallator wuhuangensis Lockley et al. p. 6
2013Grallator microiscus Xing et al. p. 119
2017Grallator microiscus Xing et al. p. 120
2017Grallator wuhuangensis Xing et al. p. 120
2019Grallator Tsukiji et al. p. 4
2020Grallator Castanera et al. p. 279
2021Grallator Klein and Lucas p. 13
2021Grallator wuhuangensis Li et al. p. 14
2022Grallator microiscus Li et al. p. 4233

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
RankNameAuthor
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
familyGrallatoridae
genusGrallator

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Grallator Hitchcock 1858
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Subg. †Grallator (Grallator) Olsen and Galton 1984
Grallator andeolensis Gand et al. 2000
Grallator angustidigitus Ellenberger 1970
Grallator anietangensis Li et al. 2022
Grallator crassidigitus Ellenberger 1970
Grallator cursorius Hitchcock 1858
+
Invalid names: Ornithichnites parallelus Hitchcock 1837 [synonym]
Grallator damanei Ellenberger 1970
Grallator deambulator Ellenberger 1970
Grallator digitigradus Ellenberger 1972
Grallator emeiensis Zhen et al. 1994
Grallator graciosus Ellenberger 1970
Grallator lacunensis Ellenberger 1970
Grallator lambereshei Ellenberger 1970
Grallator leribeensis Ellenberger 1970
Grallator lescurei Demathieu 1990
Grallator limnosus Zhen et al. 1986
Grallator limosus Zhen et al. 1986
Grallator matsiengensis Ellenberger 1970
Grallator maximus Lapparent and Montenat 1967
Grallator minimus Ellenberger 1970
Grallator minor Lull 1915
Grallator mokanametsongensis Ellenberger 1974
Grallator molapoi Ellenberger 1970
Grallator morijensis Ellenberger 1970
Grallator moshoeshoei Ellenberger 1970
Grallator olonensis Lapparent and Montenat 1967
Grallator palustris Ellenberger 1970
Grallator pingchuanensis Li et al. 2019
Grallator princeps Ellenberger 1970
Grallator rapidus Ellenberger 1972
Grallator rectilineus Ellenberger 1970
Grallator rectus Hitchcock and Grier 1927
Grallator sauclierensis Demathieu and Sciau 1992
Grallator socialis Ellenberger 1970
Grallator ssatoi Yabe et al. 1940
Grallator tenuis Hitchcock 1858
+
Invalid names: Anchisauripus hitchcocki Lull 1904 [synonym], Atreipus acadianus Olsen and Baird 1986 [synonym], Grallator cuneatus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Grallator formosus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Grallator tuberosus Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Anchisauripus exsertus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Atreipus metzneri Heller 1952 [synonym], Atreipus milfordensis Bock 1952 [synonym], Brontozoum loxonyx Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Brontozoum validum Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Grallator gracilis Hitchcock 1837 [synonym], Otouphepus magnificus Cushman 1904 [synonym], Plesiornis mirabilis Hitchcock 1865 [synonym]
Grallator variabilis Lapparent and Montenat 1967
Grallator yangi Lii and Zhang 2000
Grallator yemiaoxiensis Yang and Yang 1987
Invalid names: Aetonychopus Ellenberger 1972 [synonym], Agialopous Branson and Mehl 1932 [synonym], Chongqingpus Yang and Yang 1987 [synonym], Chongqingpus microiscus Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium], Chuanchengpus Yang and Yang 1987 [synonym], Grallator anserinum Gürich 1926 [nomen dubium], Kainotrisauropus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Plastisauropus Ellenberger 1972 [synonym], Prototrisauropus Ellenberger 1965 [synonym], Qemetrisauropus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
P. Ellenberger 1972 (Qemetrisauropus)Nous groupons au sein de ce genre nouveau plusieurs types de pistes appartenant à des bipèdes tridactyles de taille moyenne à grande, tous de l'époque du Molteno Inférieur. Leur démarche est rectiligne; ils se caractérisent par leur sole pédieuse quasi-symétrique courte et arrondie à l'arrière par suite d'un raccourcissement du IVème doigt dont les 4 phalanges télescopées dessinent un arc de cercle à la convexité tournée vers l'arrière externe du pied la corde faisant un angle de 35° avec l'axe du déplacement; les phalanges du doigt médian forment de leur côté un arc de cercle régulier à la convexité tournée vers l'extérieur de la piste, légèrement à l'arrière, la corde faisant un angle de 6° avec l'axe du déplacement, - Le IIème doigt se montre fort renflé et étalé avec une convexité v,ers l'intérieur de la piste.
Ces trois doigts forment un éventail bien ouvert sur l'articulation nettement moins large des métatarsiens qui paraissent ainsi resserrés entre eux.
G. Peng et al. 2005Three-toed footprints made by small, bipedal coelurosaurs. Each footprint is narrow and pentagonal in outline, with clear impressions of pads and claws. Digit III is much longer than digit II and IV. No impressions of hallux and tail.
S. G. Dalman 2012Small (average length 2.3 cm), bipedal, functionally tridactyl ichnite. Digit III projects anteriorly beyond the lateral digits, footprint narrower than that of the ichnogenera Anchisauripus, Eubrontes and Kayentapus (average L/W < 2). Metatarsal and hallux impressions rarely but occasionally pres- ent. Average total divarication angle of digits II to IV is 62°. Average pace angle in continuous trackways, up to 156°; average stride length, up to 24.6 cm. Short digit III extension or weak mesaxony with average L/W ratio for anterior triangle between 0.49 and 0.58. Digits moderately long with average length ratios of 1.27 for digits III/II and 1.10 for digits III/IV. Average digit III projection ratio is 1.91.
H. Klein and S. G. Lucas 2021Small (<150 mm long), bipedal, functionally tridactyl ichnite. Digit III projects relatively farther anteriorly, and the foot is more narrow than in Eubrontes and Anchisauripus (length/width ratio close to or greater than 2). Hallux rarely impressed. Divarication of outer digits 10° to 30°.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:08
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:50:08
Source: o = order
Reference: Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Smithian to the top of the Campanian or 251.30000 to 72.10000 Ma

Collections (309 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Smithian251.3 - 247.2USA (Utah) G. sp. (105542)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Rhône-Alpes) G. sp. (199929)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) G. sp. (230179 230180 230181 230182)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0France G. sp. (55316 68224)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy (Liguria) G. sp. (68780)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy (Toscana) G. pisanus (68779)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Canada (Nova Scotia) Atreipus acadianus, Anchisauripus milfordensis (55416)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Germany (Bayern) Coelurosaurichnus metzneri (55417)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0USA (Virginia) G. sp. (219790)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0South Africa (Eastern Cape) G. sp. (48459 94784)

Youngest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Barremian - Albian129.4 - 100.5China (Sichuan) G. emeiensis (60497)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0USA (Maryland) G. sp. (26782)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Liaoning) Jeholosauripus ssatoi (54003)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (New Mexico) Theropoda indet. (52161)
Albian113.0 - 100.5South Korea (Gyeongsangnam-do) G. sp. (219899)
Albian113.0 - 100.5China (Shandong) G. sp. (219854)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5China (Jilin) Theropoda indet. (55193)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Turonian99.6 - 89.8Argentina (Neuquén) Coelurosauria indet. (85571)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (Colorado) G. sp. (156036)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0USA (Alaska) G. sp. (44848)