Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Trechnotheria

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Trechnotheria was named by McKenna (1975) [Superlegion]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Wang et al. (1998).

It was assigned to Theria by McKenna (1975), Prothero (1981) and Chow and Rich (1982); to Holotheria by Wang et al. (1998) and Martin (2002); to Mammalia by Ji et al. (2009); to Mammalia by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Li and Luo (2006) and Gao et al. (2010); and to Theriiformes by Luo et al. (2011).

Subtaxa
Cladotheria, Spalacotherioidea, Yangotheria, Zhangheotheria
Sister taxa
Cladotheria, Spalacotherioidea, Yangotheria, Zhangheotheria

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1975Trechnotheria McKenna p. 40
1981Trechnotheria Prothero p. 321
1982Trechnotheria Chow and Rich p. 129
1998Trechnotheria Wang et al.
2002Trechnotheria Martin p. 333
2004Trechnotheria Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 345, 366
2006Trechnotheria Li and Luo p. 195
2009Trechnotheria Ji et al. p. 281
2010Trechnotheria Gao et al.
2011Trechnotheria Luo et al. p. 444

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
RankNameAuthor
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
suborderEupelycosauria
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Trechnotheria

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Trechnotheria McKenna 1975
show all | hide all
Unr. Cladotheria McKenna 1975
hide
Fm. †Amphitheriidae Owen 1846
+
G. †Amphibetulimus Lopatin and Averianov 2007
+
†Amphibetulimus krasnolutskii Lopatin and Averianov 2007
G. †Amphitherium de Blainville 1838
+
†Amphitherium prevostii von Meyer 1832
+
Invalid names: Amphitylus oweni Osborn 1888 [synonym]
†Amphitherium rixoni Butler and Clemens 2001
Invalid names: Amphigonus Agassiz 1835 [synonym], Thylacotherium Valenciennes 1838 [synonym]
Invalid names: Diplocynodontidae Marsh 1887 [synonym]
Superor. †Dryolestoidea Butler 1939
+
G. †Barberenia Bonaparte 1990
+
†Barberenia allenensis Rougier et al. 2009
†Barberenia araujoae Bonaparte 1990
G. †Brandonia Bonaparte 1990
+
†Brandonia intermedia Bonaparte 1990
Or. †Dryolestida Prothero 1981
+
Fm. †Casamiquelidae Bonaparte 2002
+
G. †Alamitherium Bonaparte 2002
G. †Casamiquelia Bonaparte 1990
G. †Rougietherium Bonaparte 2002
G. †Crusafontia Henkel and Krebs 1969
+
†Crusafontia amoae Cuenca-Bescos et al. 2011
†Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs 1969
+
Invalid names: Pocamus pepelui Canudo and Cuenca-Bescós 1996 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pocamus Canudo and Cuenca-Bescós 1996 [synonym]
Fm. †Donodontidae Sigogneau-Russell 1991
+
G. †Donodon Sigogneau-Russell 1991
G. †Paraungulatum Bonaparte 2002
+
†Paraungulatum rectangularis Bonaparte 2002
Invalid names: Brandoniidae Bonaparte 1992 [empty]
Fm. †Dryolestidae Marsh 1879
+
G. †Amblotherium Owen 1871
+
†Amblotherium debilis Marsh 1881
+
Invalid names: Dryolestes gracilis Marsh 1881 [replaced]
†Amblotherium gracilis Marsh 1879
+
Invalid names: Laodon venustus Marsh 1887 [synonym]
†Amblotherium megistodon Foster et al. 2020
†Amblotherium nanum Owen 1871
†Amblotherium pusillum Owen 1866
+
Invalid names: Achyrodon pusillus Owen 1871 [synonym], Stylodon robustus Owen 1866 [synonym]
Invalid names: Achyrodon Owen 1871 [synonym], Kurtodon Osborn 1887 [synonym], Laodon Marsh 1887 [synonym], Stylodon Owen 1866 [replaced]
G. †Anthracolestes Averianov et al. 2014
+
†Anthracolestes sergeii Averianov et al. 2014
G. †Beckumia Martin et al. 2022
+
†Beckumia sinemeckelia Martin et al. 2022
G. †Comotherium Prothero 1981
+
†Comotherium richi Prothero 1981
G. †Dryolestes Marsh 1878
+
†Dryolestes leirensis Martin 1999
†Dryolestes priscus Marsh 1878
+
Invalid names: Asthenodon segnis Marsh 1887 [synonym], Herpetairus humilis Simpson 1929 [synonym], Laolestes grandis Simpson 1929 [synonym], Stylacodon validus Marsh 1880 [synonym]
†Dryolestes tenax Marsh 1889
†Dryolestes vorax Marsh 1879
Invalid names: Asthenodon Marsh 1887 [synonym]
G. †Euthlastus Simpson 1927
+
†Euthlastus cordiformis Simpson 1927
G. †Groebertherium Bonaparte 1986
+
†Groebertherium novasi Bonaparte 1986
†Groebertherium stipanicici Bonaparte 1986
G. †Guimarotodus Martin 1999
+
†Guimarotodus inflatus Martin 1999
G. †Henkelotherium Krebs 1991
+
G. †Herpetairus Simpson 1927
+
†Herpetairus arcuatus Marsh 1879
G. †Herpetarius Simpson 1927
G. †Kepolestes Simpson 1927
+
†Kepolestes coloradensis Simpson 1927
G. †Krebsotherium Martin 1999
+
G. †Lakotalestes Cifelli et al. 2014
+
†Lakotalestes luoi Cifelli et al. 2014
G. †Laolestes Simpson 1927
+
†Laolestes andresi Martin 1999
†Laolestes eminens Simpson 1927
†Laolestes goodrichi Simpson 1929
†Laolestes hodsoni Clemens and Lees 1971
G. †Malthacolestes Simpson 1927
+
†Malthacolestes osborni Simpson 1927
G. †Melanodon Simpson 1927
+
†Melanodon oweni Simpson 1927
G. †Miccylotyrans Simpson 1927
+
†Miccylotyrans minimus Simpson 1927
G. †Minutolestes Martin et al. 2022
+
†Minutolestes submersus Martin et al. 2022
G. †Pelicopsis Simpson 1927
+
†Pelicopsis dubius Simpson 1927
G. †Peraspalax Owen 1871
+
†Peraspalax talpoides Owen 1871
G. †Phascolestes Owen 1871
+
†Phascolestes dubius Osborn 1888
+
Invalid names: Phascolestes longirostris Owen 1871 [synonym]
G. †Portopinheirodon Martin 1999
+
Invalid names: Dryolestes obtusus Marsh 1880 [nomen nudum]
Or. †Meridiolestida Rougier et al. 2011
+
G. †Austrotriconodon Bonaparte 1986
+
†Austrotriconodon mckennai Bonaparte 1986
†Austrotriconodon sepulvedai Bonaparte 1992
G. †Cronopio Rougier et al. 2011
+
†Cronopio dentiacutus Rougier et al. 2011
G. †Leonardus Bonaparte 1990
+
†Leonardus cuspidatus Bonaparte 1990
Unr. †Mesungulatoidea Rougier et al. 2011
+
Fm. †Mesungulatidae Bonaparte 1986
G. †Reigitherium Bonaparte 1990
Invalid names: Peligrotheriidae Bonaparte et al. 1993 [empty], Reigitheriidae Bonaparte 1990 [empty]
G. †Necrolestes Ameghino 1891
+
†Necrolestes mirabilis Goin et al. 2007
†Necrolestes patagonensis Ameghino 1891
Fm. †Paurodontidae Marsh 1887
+
G. †Araeodon Simpson 1937
+
†Araeodon intermissus Simpson 1937
G. †Archaeotrigon Simpson 1927
+
†Archaeotrigon distagmus Simpson 1929
G. †Dorsetodon Ensom and Sigogneau-Russell 1998
+
†Dorsetodon haysomi Ensom and Sigogneau-Russell 1998
G. †Drescheratherium Krebs 1998
+
G. †Foxraptor Bakker and Carpenter 1990
+
†Foxraptor atrox Bakker and Carpenter 1990
G. †Paurodon Marsh 1887
+
†Paurodon valens Marsh 1887
G. †Tathiodon Simpson 1927
+
†Tathiodon agilis Simpson 1927
Invalid names: Tanaodon Simpson 1927 [replaced]
Invalid names: Amphitheriida Prothero 1981 [empty]
Fm. †Vincelestidae Bonaparte 1986
+
G. †Vincelestes Bonaparte 1986
+
†Vincelestes neuquenianus Bonaparte 1986
Unr. Zatheria McKenna 1975
+
G. †Abelodon Brunet 1990
+
†Abelodon abeli Brunet 1990
G. †Arguimus Dashzeveg 1979
+
†Arguimus khosbajari Dashzeveg 1979
+
Invalid names: Arguitherium cromptoni Dashzeveg 1994 [synonym]
Invalid names: Arguitherium Dashzeveg 1994 [synonym]
G. †Chunnelodon Ensom and Sigogneau-Russell 1998
+
†Chunnelodon alopekodes Ensom and Sigogneau-Russell 1998
G. †Magnimus Sigogneau-Russell 1999
+
†Magnimus ensomi Sigogneau-Russell 1999
G. †Minimus Sigogneau-Russell 1999
+
†Minimus richardfoxi Sigogneau-Russell 1999
Fm. †Mozomuridae Li et al. 2005
+
G. †Mozomus Li et al. 2005
+
†Mozomus shikamai Li et al. 2005
G. †Nanolestes Martin 2002
+
†Nanolestes drescherae Martin 2002
†Nanolestes krusati Martin 2002
†Nanolestes mackennai Martin et al. 2010
G. †Palaeoxonodon Freeman 1976
+
†Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman 1976
Or. †Peramura McKenna 1975
+
Fm. †Peramuridae Kretzoi 1946
+
G. †Afriquiamus Sigogneau-Russell 1999
G. †Kouriogenys Davis 2012
G. †Peramuroides Davis 2012
G. †Peramus Owen 1871
G. †Tendagurutherium Heinrich 1998
Unr. †Prototheria Gill 1872
+
Or. †Prototribosphenida Wible 1995
+
Subor. †Amphitheria Kermack et al. 1968
Subcl. Tribosphenida McKenna 1975
+
G. †Argaliatherium Cifelli and Davis 2015
+
†Argaliatherium robustum Cifelli and Davis 2015
G. †Brasilestes Castro et al. 2018
+
†Brasilestes stardusti Castro et al. 2018
G. †Carinalestes Cifelli and Davis 2015
+
†Carinalestes murensis Cifelli and Davis 2015
G. †Culicolestes Cifelli et al. 2016
+
†Culicolestes kielanae Cifelli et al. 2016
G. †Idiogenomys Ostrander 1983
+
†Idiogenomys ozziei Ostrander 1983
Fm. †Kermackiidae Butler 1978
+
G. †Kermackia Slaughter 1971
+
Invalid names: Trinititherium Butler 1978 [synonym]
G. †Kielantherium Dashzeveg 1975
+
†Kielantherium gobiensis Dashzeveg 1975
G. †Potamotelses Fox 1972
+
Invalid names: Boreosphenida Luo et al. 2001 [objective synonym]
Unr. †Spalacotherioidea Prothero 1981
hide
Fm. †Spalacotheriidae Marsh 1887
+
G. †Akidolestes Li and Luo 2006
+
†Akidolestes cifelli Li and Luo 2006
†Akidolestes cifelli Li and Luo 2006
G. †Cifellitherium Martin et al. 2022
+
†Cifellitherium suderlandicum Martin et al. 2022
G. †Infernolestes Cifelli et al. 2014
+
†Infernolestes rougieri Cifelli et al. 2014
G. †Peralestes Owen 1871
Subfm. †Spalacolestinae Cifelli and Madsen 1999
+
G. †Aliaga Cuenca-Bescos et al. 2014
+
†Aliaga molinensis Cuenca-Bescos et al. 2014
G. †Heishanlestes Hu et al. 2005
+
†Heishanlestes changi Hu et al. 2005
G. †Lactodens Han and Meng 2016
+
†Lactodens sheni Han and Meng 2016
G. †Shalbaatar Nessov 1997
+
†Shalbaatar bakht Nessov 1997
G. †Spalacolestes Cifelli and Madsen 1999
+
†Spalacolestes cretulablatta Cifelli and Madsen 1999
†Spalacolestes inconcinnus Cifelli and Madsen 1999
G. †Spalacotheridium Cifelli 1990
+
†Spalacotheridium mckennai Cifelli 1990
†Spalacotheridium noblei Cifelli and Madsen 1999
G. †Spalacotheroides Patterson 1955
+
†Spalacotheroides bridwelli Patterson 1955
G. †Symmetrodontoides Fox 1976
+
+
Invalid names: Mictodon simpsoni Fox 1984 [synonym]
†Symmetrodontoides foxi Cifelli and Madsen 1986
Invalid names: Mictodon Fox 1984 [synonym]
G. †Yaverlestes Sweetman 2008
+
†Yaverlestes gassoni Sweetman 2008
G. †Spalacotherium Owen 1854
+
†Spalacotherium evansae Ensom and Sigogneau-Russell 2000
†Spalacotherium henkeli Krebs 1985
†Spalacotherium taylori Clemens and Lees 1971
+
Invalid names: Peralestes longirostris Owen 1871 [synonym]
G. †Symmetrolestes Tsubamoto and Rougier 2004
+
†Symmetrolestes parvus Tsubamoto and Rougier 2004
Fm. †Zhangheotheriidae Rougier et al. 2003
+
G. †Anebodon Bi et al. 2016
+
†Anebodon luoi Bi et al. 2016
G. †Kiyatherium Maschenko and Lopatin 2002
+
†Kiyatherium cardiodens Maschenko and Lopatin 2002
G. †Maotherium Rougier et al. 2003
+
†Maotherium asiaticus Ji et al. 2009
†Maotherium sinensis Rougier et al. 2003
G. †Origolestes Mao et al. 2020
+
†Origolestes lii Mao et al. 2020
G. †Zhangheotherium Hu et al. 1997
+
Invalid names: Yangotheria Chow and Rich 1982 [empty], Zhangheotheria Averianov et al. 2013 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1374.7 kgs
Minimum body mass: 3 gs
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialuc
Diet: insectivoreuc
Created: 2005-09-06 19:53:51
Modified: 2005-09-07 19:44:02
Source: s = species, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Legendre 1988, Luo et al. 2003, Hopson 1973, Uhen and Gingerich 1995, Carroll 1988, Johnson and Madden 1997, Hendy et al. 2009, Vizcaíno et al. 2010

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Longobardian to the top of the Holocene or 242.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 235.0 Ma

Collections (21854 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Spain (Alicante) Theria sp. (202238)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Pantotheria indet. G2 (194663)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Amphibetulimus krasnolutskii, Dryolestidae indet. (61891)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Morocco (Figuig) Dryolestida indet., Amphitheriidae indet. (176120)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1United Kingdom (Scotland) Eupantotheria indet. (139746)
Early/Lower Bathonian167.7 - 164.7United Kingdom (England) Eupantotheria indet. (31054)
Late/Upper Bathonian167.7 - 164.7United Kingdom (England) Amphitheriidae indet. (224639) Amphitherium sp., Amphitheriidae indet., Palaeoxonodon sp., Eupantotheria indet., Peramuridae indet. (57124) Dryolestidae indet., Amphitherium sp., Palaeoxonodon ooliticus, Eupantotheria indet., Amphitheria indet. (39075)
Middle Bathonian167.7 - 164.7United Kingdom (England) Amphitherium prevostii, Amphitherium rixoni (59357)
Late/Upper Bathonian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian167.7 - 150.8China (Liaoning) Juramaia sp. (92421)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) Paurodontidae indet., Amphitheriidae indet. (46545)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3China (Liaoning) Juramaia sinensis (114842)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian161.2 - 152.1China (Xinjiang) Nanolestes mackennai, Zatheria indet. (47056)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Portugal (Leiria) Drescheratherium acutum, Paurodontidae indet., Henkelotherium guimarotae, Dryolestes leirensis, Guimarotodus inflatus, Krebsotherium lusitanicum, Dryolestidae indet., Nanolestes drescherae (24563)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Turkey Labes atramentosa (173369)
Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian157.3 - 145.0Romania Labes atramentosa (201710 201711)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Amblotherium megistodon, Dryolestidae indet. (49636) Comotherium richi, Laolestes eminens, Amblotherium gracilis (39431) Dryolestes sp. (13212) Eupantotheria indet. (55333) Tanaodon agilis, Archaeotrigon brevimaxillus, Archaeotrigon sp., Paurodon valens, Malthacolestes osborni, Melanodon oweni, Euthlastus cordiformis, Dryolestes vorax, Laolestes grandis, Stylacodon validus, Asthenodon segnis, Herpetairus humilis, Dryolestes priscus, Miccylotyrans minimus, Pelicopsis dubius, Comotherium richi, Dryolestes arcuatus, Laolestes eminens, Melanodon goodrichi, Laolestes sp., Laodon venustus, Stylacodon gracilis, Dryolestes gracilis, Enneodon crassus, Dryolestes obtusus (12816)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Utah) Araeodon intermissus, Euthlastus cordiformis, Dryolestes priscus, Herpetairus arcuatus, Amblotherium gracilis, Amblotherium debilis, Amblotherium sp., Dryolestidae indet., Spalacotheriidae indet. (53035)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Portugal (Centro) Dryolestidae indet., Zatheria indet. (49304) Laolestes andresi, Portopinheirodon asymmetricus, Pantotheria indet. (69708)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Bulgaria Labes atramentosa (215208)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Tanzania (Lindi) Tendagurutherium dietrichi (47146)