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Scaldicetus

Mammalia - Cetacea

Taxonomy

Scaldicetus was named by Du Bus (1867) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l T Mi-u Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It was considered monophyletic by Uhen et al. (2008).

It was synonymized subjectively with Balaenodon by Lydekker (1887).

It was assigned to Physeterinae by Lydekker (1887), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Zittel (1925); to Sirenia by Sepkoski (2002); to Physeteridae by Palmer (1904), Abel (1905), Abel (1919), Kellogg (1928), Dal Piaz (1929), Van Deinse (1931), Barnes (1977), Pilleri (1985), Pilleri (1987), Carroll (1988), Benton (1993), Hirota and Barnes (1995), Sach and Heizmann (2001), Bianucci and Landini (2002), Kazár (2002), Fitzgerald (2004), Uhen et al. (2008) and Fordyce and Roberts (2009); to Hoplocetinae by Simpson (1945), Muizon (1990), Bianucci (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Hampe (2006) and Toscano et al. (2013); and to Physeteroidea by Fitzgerald (2011) and Lambert and Bianucci (2019).

Species

Otaria prisca, S. antwerpiensis, S. bellunensis, S. caretti (syn. Palaeodelphis pachyodon, Palaeodelphis fusiformis, Palaeodelphis zonatus, Palaeodelphis arcuatus, Homaeocetus villersii, Eucetus amblyodon, Dinoziphius roemdorkii), S. crispus, S. degiorgii, S. grandis (syn. Physodon lorteti, Palaeodelphis annulatus, Palaeodelphis minutus, Palaeodelphis coronatus), S. inflatus, S. macgeei, S. minor, S. perpinguis

Synonyms

Otaria prisca was named by Gervais (1859).

It was considered a nomen nudum by True (1909); it was considered a nomen dubium by Kellogg (1922).
Physodon was named by Gervais (1872). It is the type genus of Physodontidae.

It was synonymized subjectively with Scaldicetus by Abel (1905) and Zittel (1925).

It was assigned to Physeterinae by Brandt (1873), Lydekker (1887), Flores (1895), Trouessart (1898) and Trouessart (1904); and to Physeteridae by Depéret (1887), Cope (1890), Newton (1891), Paquier (1894), Ameghino (1901) and Palmer (1904).
Eucetus was named by Du Bus (1867). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dinoziphius by Van Beneden and Gervais (1880); it was synonymized subjectively with Scaldicetus by Abel (1905) and Zittel (1925).

It was assigned to Ziphiidae by Du Bus (1867); to Physeteridae by Newton (1891); to Physeterinae by Brandt (1873), Lydekker (1887), Trouessart (1898) and Trouessart (1904); and to Balaenidae by Palmer (1904).
Palaeodelphis was named by Du Bus (1872).

It was synonymized subjectively with Physodon by Van Beneden and Gervais (1880), Depéret (1887), Lydekker (1887), Newton (1891) and Trouessart (1898); it was synonymized subjectively with Scaldicetus by Abel (1905), Zittel (1925) and McKenna and Bell (1997).

It was assigned to Odontoceti by Du Bus (1872) and Vanden Broeck (1874); and to Physeteridae by Palmer (1904).
Scaldicetus crispus was named by Cigala-Fulgosi and Pilleri (1985). Its type specimen is FCF 104a, a tooth (tooth), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Visiano, which is in a Serravallian marine sandstone/siltstone in the Salsomaggiore Formation of Italy.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Hampe (2006).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1859	Otaria prisca Gervais p. 275 figs. Plate 8, Fig. 8
1867	Scaldicetus Du Bus p. 568
1867	Eucetus Du Bus p. 572
1872	Palaeodelphis Du Bus p. 503
1872	Physodon Gervais
1873	Physodon Brandt p. 208
1873	Eucetus Brandt p. 209
1874	Palaeodelphis Vanden Broeck p. 69
1887	Physodon Depéret p. 276
1887	Eucetus Lydekker p. 54
1887	Scaldicetus Lydekker p. 57
1887	Physodon Lydekker p. 58
1890	Physodon Cope p. 607
1891	Eucetus Newton p. 65
1891	Physodon Newton p. 68
1894	Physodon Paquier p. 47
1895	Physodon Flores p. 13
1898	Physodon Trouessart p. 1053
1898	Scaldicetus Trouessart p. 1054
1898	Eucetus Trouessart p. 1055
1901	Physodon Ameghino p. 80
1904	Eucetus Palmer p. 273
1904	Palaeodelphis Palmer p. 500
1904	Physodon Palmer p. 536
1904	Scaldicetus Palmer p. 620
1904	Physodon Trouessart p. 772
1904	Scaldicetus Trouessart p. 773
1904	Eucetus Trouessart p. 774
1905	Scaldicetus Abel p. 52
1919	Scaldicetus Abel p. 763
1925	Scaldicetus Zittel p. 86
1928	Scaldicetus Kellogg p. 34 figs. Table 1
1929	Scaldicetus Dal Piaz p. 78
1931	Scaldicetus Van Deinse p. 37
1945	Scaldicetus Simpson p. 102
1977	Scaldicetus Barnes p. 328
1985	Scaldicetus crispus Cigala-Fulgosi and Pilleri p. 66 figs. Plate II, Figs. 7-8
1985	Scaldicetus Pilleri p. 30
1987	Scaldicetus Pilleri p. 84
1988	Scaldicetus Carroll
1990	Scaldicetus Muizon p. 298
1993	Scaldicetus Benton p. 761
1995	Scaldicetus Hirota and Barnes p. 455
1996	Scaldicetus Bianucci p. 65
1997	Scaldicetus McKenna and Bell p. 379
2001	Scaldicetus Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179
2001	Scaldicetus Sach and Heizmann p. 42
2002	Scaldicetus Bianucci and Landini p. 21
2002	Scaldicetus Kazár p. 163
2002	Scaldicetus crispus Kazár p. 163
2002	Scaldicetus Sepkoski
2004	Scaldicetus Fitzgerald p. 206
2005	Scaldicetus crispus Ichishima p. 10 figs. Table 2
2006	Scaldicetus Hampe p. 65
2008	Scaldicetus Uhen et al. p. 577
2009	Scaldicetus Fordyce and Roberts p. 553
2011	Scaldicetus Fitzgerald p. 930
2013	Scaldicetus Toscano et al. p. 440
2019	Scaldicetus Lambert and Bianucci

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
—	Whippomorpha
order	Cetacea
—	Pelagiceti
—	Neoceti
suborder	Odontoceti
superfamily	Physeteroidea
genus	Scaldicetus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Scaldicetus Du Bus 1867

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†Scaldicetus antwerpiensis Du Bus 1872

†Scaldicetus bellunensis Dal Piaz 1922

†Scaldicetus caretti Du Bus 1867

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Invalid names: Eucetus amblyodon Du Bus 1867 [synonym], Homaeocetus villersii Du Bus 1867 [synonym], Palaeodelphis arcuatus Du Bus 1872 [synonym], Palaeodelphis fusiformis Du Bus 1872 [synonym], Palaeodelphis pachyodon Du Bus 1872 [synonym], Palaeodelphis zonatus Du Bus 1872 [synonym]

†Scaldicetus degiorgii Varola et al. 1988

†Scaldicetus grandis Du Bus 1872

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Invalid names: Palaeodelphis annulatus Du Bus 1872 [synonym], Palaeodelphis coronatus Du Bus 1872 [synonym], Palaeodelphis minutus Du Bus 1872 [synonym], Physodon lorteti Depéret 1887 [synonym]

†Scaldicetus inflatus Cigala-Fulgosi and Pilleri 1985

†Scaldicetus macgeei Chapman 1912

†Scaldicetus minor Portis 1886

†Scaldicetus perpinguis Pilleri and Pilleri 1982

Invalid names: Eucetus Du Bus 1867 [synonym], Otaria prisca Gervais 1859 [nomen dubium], Palaeodelphis Du Bus 1872 [synonym], Physodon Gervais 1872 [synonym], Scaldicetus crispus Cigala-Fulgosi and Pilleri 1985 [nomen nudum]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
M. D. Uhen et al. 2008	Low skull profile with anteriorly sloping occipital shield, large and anteroposteriorly elongated temporal fossae, strong and laterally flaring zygomatic processes, functional upper dentition, teeth retaining enamel on crowns (Kazár, 2002).