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Palaeophis
Taxonomy
Palaeophis was named by Owen (1841) [Sepkoski's age data: K Maes T Eo-m-l Sepkoski's reference number: 505]. It is not extant. It is the type genus of Palaeophidae. It was considered monophyletic by Bajpai and Head (2008).
It was assigned to Ophidia by Owen (1842), d'Orbigny (1849), Cope (1868) and Cope (1872); to Palaeophidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Kuhn (1966) and Holman (1982); to Palaeopheidae by Lydekker (1888), Rage (1984), Weems (1985) and Holman and Case (1988); to Squamata by Sepkoski (2002); to Palaeopheinae by Holman et al. (1991), Parmley and Reed (2003), Parmley and DeVore (2005) and Bajpai and Head (2008); to Palaeophiinae by Rage et al. (2003), Snetkov and Bannikov (2010), Snetkov (2011), Zvonok and Snetkov (2012), Kristensen et al. (2012) and Houssaye et al. (2013); and to Palaeophiidae by Rage et al. (2008), Georgalis et al. (2020) and Georgalis et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Ophidia by Owen (1842), d'Orbigny (1849), Cope (1868) and Cope (1872); to Palaeophidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Kuhn (1966) and Holman (1982); to Palaeopheidae by Lydekker (1888), Rage (1984), Weems (1985) and Holman and Case (1988); to Squamata by Sepkoski (2002); to Palaeopheinae by Holman et al. (1991), Parmley and Reed (2003), Parmley and DeVore (2005) and Bajpai and Head (2008); to Palaeophiinae by Rage et al. (2003), Snetkov and Bannikov (2010), Snetkov (2011), Zvonok and Snetkov (2012), Kristensen et al. (2012) and Houssaye et al. (2013); and to Palaeophiidae by Rage et al. (2008), Georgalis et al. (2020) and Georgalis et al. (2021).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1841 | Palaeophis Owen |
1842 | Palaeophis Owen p. 180 |
1849 | Palaeophis d'Orbigny p. 213 |
1868 | Palaeophis Cope p. 234 |
1868 | Palaeophis halidanus Cope p. 234 |
1869 | Dinophis Marsh p. 400 |
1869 | Dinophis halidanus Marsh p. 400 |
1870 | Palaeophis halidanus Cope p. 227 |
1872 | Palaeophis Cope p. 14 |
1872 | Palaeophis halidanus Cope p. 14 |
1878 | Titanophis Marsh |
1888 | Palaeophis Lydekker |
1902 | Palaeophis Hay p. 479 |
1902 | Palaeophis halidanus Hay p. 479 |
1930 | Palaeophis Hay p. 267 |
1930 | Palaeophis halidanus Hay p. 267 |
1966 | Palaeophis Kuhn p. 63 |
1982 | Palaeophis Holman |
1984 | Vialovophis Nessov |
1984 | Palaeophis Rage p. 33 |
1985 | Paleophis Weems |
1988 | Palaeophis Holman and Case p. 331 |
1991 | Palaeophis Holman et al. p. 4 |
1997 | Nessovophis Averianov p. 130 fig. 2 |
2002 | Paleophis Sepkoski |
2003 | Palaeophis Parmley and Reed p. 224 |
2003 | Palaeophis Rage et al. |
2005 | Palaeophis Parmley and DeVore p. 708 |
2008 | Palaeophis Bajpai and Head |
2008 | Palaeophis Rage et al. p. 392 |
2010 | Palaeophis Snetkov and Bannikov p. 698 |
2011 | Palaeophis Snetkov p. 306 |
2012 | Palaeophis Kristensen et al. |
2012 | Palaeophis Zvonok and Snetkov p. 394 |
2013 | Palaeophis Houssaye et al. |
2020 | Palaeophis Georgalis et al. |
2021 | Palaeophis Georgalis et al. p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Palaeophis Owen 1841
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†Palaeophis africanus Andrews 1924
†Palaeophis casei Holman 1982
†Palaeophis colossaeus Rage 1983
†Palaeophis ferganicus Averianov 1997
†Palaeophis grandis Marsh 1869
†Palaeophis littoralis Cope 1847
†Palaeophis longus Owen 1849
†Palaeophis maghrebianus Arambourg 1952
†Palaeophis nessovi Averianov 1997
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Invalid names: Palaeophis udovichenkoi Averianov 1997 [synonym]
†Palaeophis oweni de Zigno 1881
†Palaeophis porcatus Owen 1849
†Palaeophis tamdy Averianov 1997
†Palaeophis toliapicus Owen 1841
†Palaeophis typhaeus Owen 1850
†Palaeophis vastaniensis Bajpai and Head 2008
†Palaeophis virginianus Lynn 1934
†Paleophis virginianus Lynn 1934
Invalid names: Dinophis Marsh 1869 [synonym], Nessovophis Averianov 1997 [synonym], Palaeophis halidanus Cope 1868 [nomen dubium], Titanophis Marsh 1878 [synonym], Vialovophis Nessov 1984 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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E. D. Cope 1868 (Palaeophis halidanus) | "A single vertebra represents this species. It indicates one of the largest of the genus, being little different from the P. typhseus of Owen in size. The bulk of the vertebra is double that of the P. 1ittora1is. In addition to this point, it differs from the latter in the greater transverse diameter of the cup and ball; these are transversely oval; in the P. littoralis subtriangular ovate; the centrum is naturally less constricted and broader in the former. The articular face of the zygapophysis is broadly ovate in the P. ha1idanus, narrowly in the smaller species; while there are indications of similar posterior hypapophysis in both, the anterior in the P. halidanus appears to have been smaller." |