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Prismatoolithus
Taxonomy
Prismatoolithus was named by Zhao and Li (1993). It is considered to be a form taxon.
It was assigned to Hypsilophodontidae by Zhao and Li (1993) and Wang and Zhou (1995); to Troodontidae by Zelenitsky and Currie (2004) and Liang et al. (2009); and to Prismatoolithidae by Hirsch (1994), Zelenitsky and Hills (1996), Ariunchimeg (1997), Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez (1997), Bray (1999), Garcia (2000), Garcia et al. (2000), Zelenitsky (2000), Zhao (2000), Garcia and Vianey-Liaud (2001), Cousin (2002), Varricchio et al. (2002), Garcia et al. (2003), Suñer et al. (2008), Jackson and Varricchio (2010), Tanaka et al. (2011), Sellés et al. (2014), Moreno-Azanza et al. (2014), Moreno-Azanza et al. (2016), Skutschas et al. (2017), Wang et al. (2018) and Tanaka et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Hypsilophodontidae by Zhao and Li (1993) and Wang and Zhou (1995); to Troodontidae by Zelenitsky and Currie (2004) and Liang et al. (2009); and to Prismatoolithidae by Hirsch (1994), Zelenitsky and Hills (1996), Ariunchimeg (1997), Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez (1997), Bray (1999), Garcia (2000), Garcia et al. (2000), Zelenitsky (2000), Zhao (2000), Garcia and Vianey-Liaud (2001), Cousin (2002), Varricchio et al. (2002), Garcia et al. (2003), Suñer et al. (2008), Jackson and Varricchio (2010), Tanaka et al. (2011), Sellés et al. (2014), Moreno-Azanza et al. (2014), Moreno-Azanza et al. (2016), Skutschas et al. (2017), Wang et al. (2018) and Tanaka et al. (2020).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1993 | Prismatoolithus Zhao and Li p. 78 |
| 1994 | Prismatoolithus Hirsch p. 140 |
| 1994 | Prismatoolithus Vianey-Liaud and Crochet p. 241 |
| 1995 | Prismatoolithus Wang and Zhou p. 263 |
| 1996 | Prismatoolithus Zelenitsky and Hills p. 1128 |
| 1997 | Prismatoolithus Ariunchimeg p. 13 |
| 1997 | Prismatoolithus Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez p. 1161 |
| 1999 | Prismatoolithus Bray p. 364 |
| 2000 | Prismatoolithus Garcia p. 116 |
| 2000 | Prismatoolithus Garcia et al. p. 285 |
| 2000 | Prismatoolithus Zelenitsky p. 24 |
| 2000 | Prismatoolithus Zhao p. 119 |
| 2001 | Prismatoolithus Garcia and Vianey-Liaud |
| 2002 | Prismatoolithus Cousin p. 40 |
| 2002 | Prismatoolithus Varricchio et al. p. 570 |
| 2003 | Prismatoolithus Garcia et al. p. 64 |
| 2004 | Prismatoolithus Zelenitsky and Currie p. 134A |
| 2008 | Prismatoolithus Suñer et al. p. 411 |
| 2009 | Prismatoolithus Liang et al. p. 1591 |
| 2010 | Prismatoolithus Jackson and Varricchio p. 1148 |
| 2011 | Prismatoolithus Tanaka et al. p. 45 |
| 2014 | Prismatoolithus Moreno-Azanza et al. p. 847 |
| 2014 | Prismatoolithus Sellés et al. p. 48 |
| 2016 | Prismatoolithus Moreno-Azanza et al. p. 311 |
| 2017 | Prismatoolithus Skutschas et al. |
| 2018 | Prismatoolithus Wang et al. p. 267 |
| 2020 | Prismatoolithus Tanaka et al. p. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Prismatoolithus Zhao and Li 1993
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†Prismatoolithus caboti Garcia et al. 2000
†Prismatoolithus gebiensis Zhao and Li 1993
†Prismatoolithus hanshuiensis Zhou 1998
†Prismatoolithus heyuanensis Lü 2006
†Prismatoolithus hirschi Jackson and Varricchio 2010
†Prismatoolithus hukouensis Zhao et al. 1999
†Prismatoolithus ilekensis Skutschas et al. 2017
†Prismatoolithus jenseni Bray 1999
†Prismatoolithus levis Zelenitsky and Hills 1996
†Prismatoolithus matellensis Vianey-Liaud and Crochet 1994
†Prismatoolithus tenuis Vianey-Liaud and Crochet 1994
†Prismatoolithus tiantaiensis Fang et al. 2000
†Prismatoolithus trempii Sellés et al. 2014
Invalid names: Prismatoolithus Vianey-Liaud and Crochet 1994 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. Vianey-Liaud and J.-Y. Crochet 1994 (Prismatoolithus) | * Prismatic eggshell microstructure with two distinct layers, very similar to that of Orodromeus makelai:
- continuous layer of slender interlocking shell units with prisms, giving horizontal striations; extinction pattern sharp and columnar; - mammillary layer thin (10 to 15% of the shell thickness); shell thickness varying from 0.3 mm to 1.22 mm; * outer surface smooth, or with small, irregular and dispersed tubercles; apparently isolated pores, but pore pattern unknown. * inner surface with tightly packed mammillae; only a few interstices. | |
| D. K. Zelenitsky and L. V. Hills 1996 | Dinosauroid-prismatic basic type; angustiprismatic or obliquiprisrnatic morphotype; angusticanaliculate or obliquicanaliculate pore system; outer surface smooth to undulating or with fine sculpturing; eggshell thickness 0.3-1.22 mm; eggs elongate, ovoidal- or ellipsoidal-shaped;
EL2 = 1.8-2.7. | |
| F. D. Jackson and D. J. Varricchio 2010 | Angustiprismatic morphotype; angusticanaliculate pore system; outer surface smooth or finely sculptured; eggshell thickness 0.3–1.22 mm; eggs elongate, ovoidal-shaped; egg size 105–160 × 50–70 mm (EL = 1.8–2.4). | |
| A. G. Sellés et al. 2014 | Angustiprismatic morphotype; angusticanaliculate pore system; outer surface smooth or finely sculptured; eggshell thickness from 0.3 to 1.22 mm; gradual transition between mammillary and continuous layers; eggs elongate, ovoid-shaped; egg size 105–160 mm x 50–70 mm (EL = 1.8–2.4). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Barremian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 129.40000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (53 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Aragón) | P. sp. (53921) | |
| Barremian - Aptian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | P. ilekensis (52808) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | Japan (Hyogo) | P. sp. (117980 224255) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | China (Guangdong) | P. heyuanensis (134619) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian - Turonian | China (Zhejiang) | Elongatoolithus tiantaiensis (98254 204718) P. sp. (86426) P. tiantaiensis (204722) | |
| Coniacian - Santonian | China (Henan) | P. gebiensis (178691) | |
| Campanian | USA (Montana) | P. levis (13281) | |
| Campanian | China (Nei Mongol) | P. gebiensis (52942) P. sp. (205652) | |
| Campanian - Maastrichtian | Spain (Aragón) | P. sp. (228841) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Montana) | P. hirschi (102180) Theropoda indet. (94368) | |
| Judithian | USA (Montana) | P. levis (14453) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico (Coahuila) | P. sp. (59114) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | P. levis (53049 53050 62321 62322 163049 226216) P. sp. (47793) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | P. sp. (96814) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | P. tenuis (59267) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | France (Bouches-du-Rhône) | P. tenuis (138412) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | P. tenuis (48870 138411) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Bouches-de-Rhone) | P. caboti (138414) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Late/Upper Maastrichtian | France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur) | Dinosauria indet. (59778) | |
| Maastrichtian | China (Guangdong) | P. hukouensis (52941) | |
| Maastrichtian | Morocco (Fes-Boulmane) | P. sp. (206441) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Utah) | P. sp. (177458) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Hérault) | P. caboti (59254) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Spain (Cataluña) | P. trempii (32322 48723 117933 167945 171098 171124 217163) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | P. levis (229870) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Bouches-du-Rhône) | P. tenuis (138413) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | P. tenuis, P. matellensis (70285) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Spain (Cataluña) | P. tenuis, P. matellensis, Prismatoolithidae indet. (36725) P. trempii (148953 169450) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur) | Theropoda indet. (207627) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Dinosauria indet. (178472) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Utah) | P. jenseni (45721 45722) |