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Hipparionini (hipparionine horse)
Taxonomy
Hipparionini was named by Quinn (1955). It was considered monophyletic by MacFadden (1998).
It was assigned to Equidae by Mooser (1963) and Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); and to Equinae by Quinn (1955), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquía-Villafranca (2006) and Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquia-Villafranca (2008).
It was assigned to Equidae by Mooser (1963) and Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); and to Equinae by Quinn (1955), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquía-Villafranca (2006) and Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquia-Villafranca (2008).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1882 | Hippotherium sinclairi Wortman p. 73 |
| 1889 | Hippotherium sinclairii Cope p. 434 |
| 1889 | Hipparion sinclairi Matthew |
| 1896 | Hipparion sinclairi Roger |
| 1898 | Hipparion sinclairi Trouessart |
| 1902 | Hipparion sinclairii Hay p. 621 |
| 1905 | Neohipparion sinclairi Trouessart |
| 1907 | Neohipparion sinclairi Gidley p. 900 |
| 1907 | Neohipparion sinclairi Merriam and Stock |
| 1909 | Neohipparion sinclairi Matthew |
| 1916 | Hipparion anthonyi Merriam |
| 1918 | Hipparion anthonyi Osborn p. 190 figs. Text Fig. 153 |
| 1918 | Hipparion sinclairi Osborn p. 196 figs. Text Fig. 159 |
| 1924 | Hipparion sinclairi Matthew |
| 1925 | Hipparion sinclairi Merriam et al. p. 76 |
| 1928 | Hipparion sinclairi Merriam and Stock p. 13 |
| 1930 | Hipparion sinclairi Hay |
| 1930 | Hipparion sinclairi Matthew and Stirton |
| 1940 | Hipparion anthonyi Stirton p. 184 |
| 1940 | Neohipparion sinclairi Stirton p. 1834 |
| 1952 | Neohipparion sinclairi Stirton |
| 1955 | Hipparionini Quinn p. 58 |
| 1963 | Hipparionini Mooser p. 393 |
| 1991 | Hipparionini Baskin p. 999 |
| 1995 | Hipparionini Kelly p. 24 |
| 1998 | Hipparionini MacFadden p. 547 |
| 2006 | Hipparionini Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquía-Villafranca p. 780 |
| 2006 | Hipparionini Hulbert and Whitmore p. 13 |
| 2008 | Hipparionini Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Tr. †Hipparionini Quinn 1955 [hipparionine horse]
show all | hide all
G. †Cormohipparion Skinner and MacFadden 1977
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Subg. †Cormohipparion (Cormohipparion) Hulbert 1988
Subg. †Cormohipparion (Notiocradohipparion) Hulbert 1988
†Cormohipparion emsliei Hulbert, Jr. 1988
†Cormohipparion fricki Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion goorisi MacFadden and Skinner 1981
†Cormohipparion johnsoni Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion matthewi Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion merriami Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion occidentale Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Hipparion mohavense Merriam 1913 [synonym], Hipparion platystyle Merriam 1915 [synonym]
†Cormohipparion plicatile Leidy 1887
†Cormohipparion quinni Woodburne 1996
†Cormohipparion skinneri Woodburne 2007
†Cormohipparion sphenodus Cope 1889
Invalid names: Hipparion mohavense callodonte Merriam 1915 [synonym]
G. †Eurygnathohippus Van Hoepen 1930
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†Eurygnathohippus afarense Eisenmann 1976
†Eurygnathohippus albertense Hopwood 1926
†Eurygnathohippus baardi Bone and Singer 1965
†Eurygnathohippus cornelianus van Hoepen 1930
†Eurygnathohippus hasumense Eisenmann 1983
†Eurygnathohippus libycum Pomel 1897
†Eurygnathohippus namaquense Haughton 1932
†Eurygnathohippus turkanense Hooijer and Maglio 1974
Invalid names: Notohipparion Haughton 1932 [synonym]
G. †Hipparion de Christol 1832
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†Hipparion campbelli Bernor 1985
†Hipparion chiai Liu et al. 1978
†Hipparion concudense Pirlot 1956
†Hipparion condoni Merriam 1915
†Hipparion crassum Gervais 1859
†Hipparion dietrichi Wehrli 1941
†Hipparion fissurae Crusafont and Sondaar 1971
†Hipparion forcei Richey 1948
†Hipparion gettyi Bernor 1985
†Hipparion gromovae Villalta and Crusafont 1957
†Hipparion laromae Pesquero et al. 2006
†Hipparion longipes Gromova 1952
†Hipparion macedonicum Koufos 1984
†Hipparion matthewi Abel 1926
†Hipparion mediterraneum Roth and Wagner 1855
†Hipparion minus Pavlow 1890
†Hipparion molayanense Zouhri 1992
†Hipparion periafricanum Villalta and Crusafont 1957
†Hipparion phlegrae Lazaridis and Tsoukala 2014
†Hipparion prostylum Gervais 1849
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Invalid names: Hipparion diplostylum Gervais 1849 [synonym], Hipparion mesostylum Gervais 1849 [synonym]
†Hipparion richthofeni Koken 1885
†Hipparion rocinantis Hernández Pacheco 1921
†Hipparion shirleyae MacFadden 1984
†Hipparion tehonense Merriam 1916
†Hipparion theniusi Melentis 1969
†Hipparion weihoense Liu et al. 1978
Invalid names: Hemihipparion Wehrli 1941 [synonym], Hipparion sellardsi Matthew and Stirton 1930 [nomen nudum], Hipparion sitifense Pomel 1897 [nomen dubium], Hipparitherium Christol 1847 [synonym], Stylohipparion van Hoepen 1932 [synonym]
G. †Nannippus Matthew 1926
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†Nannippus beckensis Dalquest and Donovan 1973
†Nannippus lenticularis Cope 1893
†Nannippus morgani Hulbert, Jr. 1993
†Nannippus peninsulatus Cope 1885
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Invalid names: Equus minutus Cope 1893 [synonym], Equus phlegon Hay 1899 [synonym], Hipparion cragini Hay 1917 [synonym], Nannippus hesperides Mooser 1968 [synonym], Nannippus montezumae Leidy 1882 [synonym]
†Nannippus westoni Simpson 1930
G. †Neohipparion Gidley 1903
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†Neohipparion affine Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Hippotherium speciosum Leidy 1854 [synonym], Neohipparion dolichops Gidley 1906 [synonym], Neohipparion whitneyi Gidley 1903 [synonym]
†Neohipparion eurystyle Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Hesperohipparion stirtoni Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Hippotherium rectidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Neohipparion arellanoi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion floresi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion molle Merriam 1915 [synonym], Neohipparion monias Mooser 1963 [synonym], Neohipparion otomii Mooser 1959 [synonym], Neohipparion phosphorum Simpson 1930 [synonym]
†Neohipparion gidleyi Merriam 1915
†Neohipparion leptode Merriam 1915
†Neohipparion trampasense Edwards 1982
Invalid names: Hesperohipparion Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Neohipparion sanjuanensis Frick 1933 [nomen nudum]
G. †Pseudhipparion Ameghino 1904
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†Pseudhipparion curtivallum Quinn 1955
†Pseudhipparion gratum Leidy 1869
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†Hipparion gratum tehonense Merriam 1916
Invalid names: Neohipparion niobrarense Gidley 1906 [synonym]
†Pseudhipparion hessei Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
†Pseudhipparion retrusum Cope 1889
†Pseudhipparion simpsoni Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
†Pseudhipparion skinneri Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
Invalid names: Griphippus Quinn 1955 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipparion anthonyi Merriam 1916 [nomen dubium], Hippotherium sinclairi Wortman 1882 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. H. Quinn 1955 | pper teeth with pli proto-
loph and pli hypoloph; protocone discon- nected; hypoconal groove open to base of crowns; metaconid and metastylid elon- gate antero-posteriorly and not strongly divergent; parastylid present on all genera except in late stages; pli caballinid con- fined to premolars ( except N. eurystyle and related species) ; protostylid present on milk teeth. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range: base of the Barstovian to the top of the Irvingtonian or 16.30000 to 0.30000 Ma
Collections (1218 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Equus primigenius (232179) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Dakota) | Hipparion tehonense, Neohipparion sp. (18081) Hipparionini indet. (18297) Nannippus gratus (18064) Neohipparion occidentale (18388) Neohipparion sp. (18080) Neohipparion whitneyi (18114) Pseudhipparion gratum (18391 18395) Pseudhipparion gratum, Neohipparion occidentale (18389 18390 18392) Pseudhipparion gratum, Neohipparion whitneyi (18038) Pseudhipparion retrusum (18183) Pseudhipparion sp. (18182 18184 18318 18370 18386 18387) Pseudhipparion sp., Neohipparion whitneyi (18113) | |
| Miocene | USA (Idaho) | Hipparionini indet. (18901 18942 19032) | |
| Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Cormohipparion sp. (18593) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | Merychippus paniensis (19038) Nannippus lenticularis (18869 18966 18997 19118) Pseudhipparion sp. (18931) | |
| Miocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Cormohipparion sp. (18726) | |
| Miocene | USA (Louisiana) | Cormohipparion sp. (163859) | |
| Miocene | USA (Oklahoma) | Nannippus minor (18094) Nannippus sp., Neohipparion sp. (18105) | |
| Miocene | USA (Oregon) | Hipparion anthonyi (18930) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Hipparion tehonense (18858) Hipparionini indet. (18861 18862 18863 18983 19040) Hippotherium sp., Nannippus tehonensis (18857) Nannippus tehonensis (18859 18860) Neohipparion occidentale (18879) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Pleistocene | South Africa | Hipparion libycum (21825) Hipparion lybicum (21828) | |
| Calabrian | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Hipparion ethiopicum (21294 21343) | |
| Calabrian | Tanzania (Lake Natron Basin) | Hipparion cornelianum (22554 22558 22579 22583) Hipparion sp. (22557 22582) | |
| Calabrian | South Africa | Hipparion libycum (21923) | |
| Calabrian | Kenya | Hipparion ethiopicum (21368 21450 21455 21468 21514) Hipparion indet. (32060) Hipparion sp. (21524 21527 21833) | |
| Calabrian | Tanzania | Hipparion ethiopicum (21968 21970 21971 21972 22041 22064 22337 22467 22620) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Hipparion cragini (191915) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Spain (La Rioja) | Hipparion sp. (189976) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ethiopia | Hipparion sp. (22156 22177) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Tanzania | Hipparion sp. (21893) | |