PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Antarctosaurus

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Antarctosaurus was named by Huene (1927).

It was assigned to Sauropoda by Huene (1958); to Cetiosauridae by Tatarinov (1964); to Atlantosauridae by Bonaparte et al. (1977) and Bonaparte (1978); to Titanosaurinae by Young (1937), Romer (1956), Bonaparte and Bossi (1967), Steel (1970), Coombs and Molnar (1981) and Casanovas et al. (1987); to Dicraeosauridae by Hunt et al. (1995); to Antarctosaurinae by Bonaparte (1996); to Titanosauridae by Huene (1927), Huene (1927), Huene (1927), Huene (1929), Huene (1929), Stromer (1932), Huene (1933), Riabinin (1938), Huene (1941), Gilmore (1946), Romer (1966), Arid and Vizotto (1971), Mones (1972), Molnar (1980), Bonaparte and Powell (1980), Bonaparte (1984), Carroll (1988), McIntosh (1990), McIntosh (1990), Powell (1992), Kellner (1996), Jacobs et al. (1996), Chatterjee and Rudra (1996), McIntosh (1997), Ryan (1997), Salgado and Calvo (1997), Mohabey (2001), Powell (2003), Salgado and Coria (2005) and Novas et al. (2005); to Opisthocoelicaudiinae by Curry Rogers (2005); to Lithostrotia by Upchurch et al. (2004), Otero and Reguero (2013) and Mannion et al. (2019); and to Titanosauria by Gallina and Apesteguía (2005), Bittencourt and Langer (2011) and Páramo et al. (2020).

Species

A. brasiliensis, A. giganteus, A. wichmannianus

Synonyms

Antarctosaurus giganteus was named by Huene (1927) [Nomen vanum in this paper.]. Its type specimen is MLP 23-316, a set of postcrania, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Aguada del Caño, which is in a Coniacian/Santonian terrestrial sandstone in the Plottier Formation of Argentina.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch et al. (2004).
Antarctosaurus brasiliensis was named by Arid and Vizotto (1971). Its type specimen is FFCL GR-RN 2, GP-RD 3, 4, a set of postcrania, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is São Jose do Río Preto–Barretos road, which is in a Campanian/Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Adamantina Formation of Brazil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Powell (2003), Upchurch et al. (2004), Kellner et al. (2005), Candeiro et al. (2006), Santucci and Bertini (2006) and Martinelli et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1927	Antarctosaurus Huene p. 126
1927	Antarctosaurus giganteus Huene p. 256
1927	Antarctosaurus Huene p. 469
1929	Antarctosaurus giganteus Huene pp. 75-77 figs. Pl. 35-36
1929	Antarctosaurus Huene p. 86
1932	Antarctosaurus Stromer p. 7
1932	Antarctosaurus giganteus Stromer p. 11
1933	Antarctosaurus Huene p. 70
1936	Antarctosaurus giganteus Stromer p. 81
1937	Antarctosaurus Young p. 22
1938	Antarctosaurus giganteus Janensch p. 133
1938	Antarctosaurus Riabinin p. 126
1941	Antarctosaurus Huene p. 90
1946	Antarctosaurus Gilmore p. 30
1947	Antarctosaurus giganteus Swinton p. 116
1956	Antarctosaurus Romer p. 622
1958	Antarctosaurus Huene p. 206
1964	Antarctosaurus Tatarinov p. 545
1966	Antarctosaurus Romer p. 370
1967	Antarctosaurus Bonaparte and Bossi p. 38
1969	Antarctosaurus giganteus Van Valen p. 624
1970	Antarctosaurus Steel p. 75
1970	Antarctosaurus giganteus Steel p. 75
1971	Antarctosaurus Arid and Vizotto p. 298
1971	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Arid and Vizotto p. 298 figs. 1-7
1972	Antarctosaurus giganteus Azzaroli p. 49
1972	Antarctosaurus Mones p. 30
1977	Antarctosaurus Bonaparte et al. p. 14
1977	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Leonardi and Duszczak p. 401
1978	Antarctosaurus Bonaparte p. 560
1978	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Bonaparte p. 561
1978	Antarctosaurus giganteus Bonaparte p. 561
1979	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Bonaparte p. 232
1979	Antarctosaurus giganteus Bonaparte and Gasparini pp. 401-402
1980	Antarctosaurus Bonaparte and Powell p. 26
1980	Antarctosaurus giganteus Bonaparte and Powell p. 26
1980	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Bonaparte and Powell p. 27
1980	Antarctosaurus Molnar p. 137
1981	Antarctosaurus Coombs, Jr. and Molnar p. 356
1981	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Coombs, Jr. and Molnar p. 357
1984	Antarctosaurus Bonaparte p. 140
1984	Antarctosaurus giganteus Bonaparte p. 140
1987	Antarctosaurus Casanovas et al. p. 98
1987	Antarctosaurus giganteus Casanovas et al. p. 98
1988	Antarctosaurus Carroll
1988	Antarctosaurus giganteus Paul p. 12
1990	Antarctosaurus McIntosh p. 57
1990	Antarctosaurus giganteus McIntosh p. 351
1990	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis McIntosh p. 352
1990	Antarctosaurus McIntosh p. 397
1992	Antarctosaurus Powell p. 200
1993	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Bertini et al. p. 89
1995	Antarctosaurus Hunt et al. p. 265
1996	Antarctosaurus Bonaparte pp. 107-108 fig. 41
1996	Antarctosaurus giganteus Bonaparte p. 108
1996	Antarctosaurus Chatterjee and Rudra p. 514
1996	Antarctosaurus Jacobs et al. p. 602
1996	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Kellner p. 619
1996	Antarctosaurus Kellner p. 622
1997	Antarctosaurus McIntosh p. 658
1997	Antarctosaurus giganteus Novas p. 684
1997	Antarctosaurus Ryan p. 443
1997	Antarctosaurus Salgado and Calvo pp. 36-37
2001	Antarctosaurus Mohabey pp. 482-483
2003	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Marinho et al. p. 322
2003	Antarctosaurus Powell p. 45
2003	Antarctosaurus giganteus Powell pp. 48-49
2004	Antarctosaurus Upchurch et al. p. 269
2005	Antarctosaurus Curry Rogers pp. 69-71 figs. 2.11-2.13
2005	Antarctosaurus Gallina and Apesteguía p. 160
2005	Antarctosaurus Novas et al. p. 229
2005	Antarctosaurus Salgado and Coria p. 440
2006	Antarctosaurus giganteus Carpenter p. 131
2006	Antarctosaurus giganteus Royo-Torres et al. figs. Table S3
2006	Antarctosaurus giganteus Wilson p. 177
2011	Antarctosaurus Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011	Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2013	Antarctosaurus Otero and Reguero p. 10
2013	Antarctosaurus giganteus Otero and Reguero p. 10
2019	Antarctosaurus Mannion et al.
2020	Antarctosaurus Páramo et al. p. 373

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Sauropoda	()
—	Gravisauria
—	Eusauropoda
—	Neosauropoda
—	Macronaria
—	Titanosauriformes
—	Titanosauria
—	Lithostrotia
genus	Antarctosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Antarctosaurus Huene 1927

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†Antarctosaurus wichmannianus Huene 1927

Invalid names: Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Arid and Vizotto 1971 [nomen dubium], Antarctosaurus giganteus Huene 1927 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
J. E. Powell 2003	Femur straight and slim, cranial articulation vaulted, fourth trochanter somewhat above the middle of the bone. The characters of the cranium and post-cranial skeleton are only known in Antarctosaurus wichmannianus Huene 1929a.

Body mass estimates

estimate	equation	reference
61.1 tons	Sauropoda femur circumference	Anderson et al. 1985

Measurements

part	N	mean
femur circumference	1	800.0

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteinfrao

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult width:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult height:

10 to < 100infrao

Maximum body mass:

100000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

30000 kgg

Thickness:

thickinfrao

Architecture:

compact or denseinfrao

Form:

sphericalinfrao

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partsinfrao

Grouping:

gregariousinfrao

Environment:

terrestrialinfrao

Locomotion:

actively mobileinfrao

Life habit:

ground dwellinginfrao

Diet:

herbivoreinfrao

Reproduction:

oviparousinfrao

Dispersal:

direct/internalinfrao

Dispersal 2:

mobileinfrao

Created:

2005-08-25 06:12:22

Modified:

2005-08-25 08:12:22

Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder

References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Coniacian to the top of the Middle Campanian or 89.30000 to 70.60000 Ma

Collections (7 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian	89.3 - 83.5	Argentina (Neuquén)	A. giganteus (51572)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Argentina (Río Negro)	A. wichmannianus (51580)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Brazil (São Paulo)	A. brasiliensis (51627)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	India (Madhya Pradesh)	A. sp. (63895)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Uruguay (Soriano)	A. wichmannianus (59147)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	India (Maharashtra)	A. sp. (26370 57002)