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Entactinaria

Entactinaria

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1975Helioentactinia Nazarov
1982Entactinaria Kozur and Mostler
1991Cyclocarpus Li and Wang
1996Entactinaria Kozur et al. p. 250
2001Entactinaria De Wever et al.
2002Helioentactinia Sepkoski
2002Paleoxiphosphaera Sepkoski
2003Helioentactinia Wang et al. p. 131
2008Entactinaria Maletz and Bruton p. 1186
2014Entactinaria Takahashi and Miyake p. 278
2017Entactinaria Noble et al. p. 438

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomRhizaria
superphylumRetariaCavalier-Smith 1999
phylumRadiolariaMüller 1858
RankNameAuthor
superorderPolycystina(Ehrenberg 1838)
orderEntactinariaKozur and Mostler 1982
orderEntactinariaKozur and Mostler 1982

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Entactinaria Kozur and Mostler 1982
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G. †Braginella Sugiyama 1997
Fm. †Centrocubidae Hollande and Enjumet 1960
+
G. Arachnostylus Hollande and Enjumet 1960
G. Arcicubulus Dumitrica 1983
G. Centrocubus Haeckel 1887
G. Diplospongus Mast 1910
G. Excentroconcha Mast 1910
G. Gonosphaera Jorgensen 1905
G. Lonchosphaera Popofsky 1908
G. †Marianasphaera Li et al. 2011
+
†Marianasphaera multispinosa Li et al. 2011
†Marianasphaera ogawai Li et al. 2011
G. †Octodendron Haeckel 1887
+
†Octodendron superfragilis Kiessling 1999
G. Pessagnulus Dumitrica 1983
G. Solicubulus Dumitrica 1983
G. †Welirella Dumitrica et al. 1980
+
†Welirella weveri Dumitrica et al. 1980
G. †Ellisus Carter 2007
+
Invalid names: Harsa Carter [replaced]
Fm. †Entactiniidae Riedel 1967
+
G. †Afanasievella Nestell and Nestell 2010
G. †Apophysiactinia Won 1997
Subfm. †Astroentactiniinae Riedel 1967
+
G. †Copicyntra Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
+
†Copicyntra shaiwaensis Wang and Shang 2001
Subfm. †Bientactinosphaerinae Afanasieva 1999
+
G. †Diversiacus Afanasieva 2019
G. †Borisella Afanasieva 2000
G. †Callela Won 1983
G. †Cancellosphaera Afanasieva 2000
G. †Costaentactinia Seo and Won 2009
G. †Cubaxonium Haeckel 1887
+
†Cubaxonium spongiosum Haeckel 1887
G. †Duodecimentactinia Won 1997
Subfm. †Entactiniinae Riedel 1967
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G. †Spinoalius Afanasieva 2019
+
†Spinoalius melekessensis Afanasieva 2019
G. †Entactinosphaera Foreman 1963
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†Entactinosphaera aubouini Caridroit and De Wever 1986
†Entactinosphaera cimelia Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Entactinosphaera simoni Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Entactinosphaera triassica Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Entactinosphaera zapfei Kozur and Mostler 1979
Invalid names: Belowea [synonym], Stolbergia Kozur and Mostler 1989 [synonym], Thecentactinia Nazarov 1975 [synonym]
G. †Fenestrula Yeh 1995
+
G. †Gracilentactinia Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Hegleria Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
+
†Hegleria mammilla Sheng and Wang 1985
+
Invalid names: Hegleria mammifera Nazarov and Ormiston 1985 [synonym]
G. †Holdisphaera Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Involutentactinia Jones and Noble 2006
G. †Kashiwara Sashida and Tonishi 1985
+
†Kashiwara magna Sashida and Tonishi 1985
G. †Klaengspongus Sashida 2000
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†Klaengspongus formosus Feng et al. 2009
†Klaengspongus spinosus Sashida 2000
†Klaengspongus umbilicatus Feng et al. 2009
G. †Lententactinia Dumitrica 2013
+
†Lententactinia nummulitica Dumitrica 2013
G. †Magnentactinia W 1997
G. †Magnisphaera Won 1997
G. †Megaporus Feng 2006
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†Megaporus jini Feng 2006
†Megaporus unicum Feng 2006
†Megaporus yangi Feng 2006
†Megaporus yini Feng 2006
G. †Microporosa Afanasieva and Amon 2016
G. †Moskovistella Afanasieva 2000
G. †Multientactinia Won 1997
G. †Munzuwonella Afanasieva 2009
+
Invalid names: Wonella Afanasieva 2000 [replaced]
G. †Oruatemanua Takemura and Aono 2007
G. †Paracopicyntra Feng et al. 2006
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†Paracopicyntra akikawaensis Sashida and Tonishi 1988
†Paracopicyntra longispina Feng et al. 2006
†Paracopicyntra simplex Feng et al. 2006
†Paracopicyntra ziyunensis Feng and Gu 2002
G. †Paratriposphaera Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Perforentactinia Jones and Noble 2006
G. †Plenoentactinia Won 1997
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†Plenoentactinia terespongia Takahashi 2014
G. †Plenosphaera Park and Won 2012
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Invalid names: Spongosphaera Won 1997 [replaced]
G. †Pluristratoentactinia Nazarov 1981
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Invalid names: Meschedea [synonym]
G. †Polyedroentactinia Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Provisocyntra Nazarov and Ormiston 1987
G. †Radiobisphaera Won 1997
G. †Retentactinia Won 1997
+
†Retentactinia kycungensis Takahashi 2014
†Retentactinia parvisphaera Takahashi 2014
G. †Retisphaera Won 1997
G. †Shinkaiera Li et al. 2011
+
†Shinkaiera fragilis Li et al. 2011
G. †Sinosphaera Feng 2004
+
†Sinosphaera spinosa Feng 2004
G. †Spongentactinia Nazarov 1975
+
†Spongentactinia fungosa Nazarov 1975
G. †Stigmosphaerostylus Rüst 1892
+
†Stigmosphaerostylus horrida Furutani 1983
†Stigmosphaerostylus itsukaichiensis Sashida and Tonishi 1985
Invalid names: Apophysisphaera Won 1997 [synonym], Astroentactinia Nazarov 1975 [synonym], Entactinia Foreman 1963 [synonym], Inaequalientactinia Won 1991 [synonym], Palaeoxyphostylus Won 1983 [synonym]
G. †Stygmosphaerostylus Rüst 1892
G. †Tardentactinia Dumitrica 2013
+
†Tardentactinia echinata Dumitrica 2013
†Tardentactinia longispinosa Dumitrica 2013
†Tardentactinia oregonensis Dumitrica 2013
G. †Trilonche Hinde 1899
+
†Trilonche cancellicula Foreman 1963
†Trilonche davidi Hinde 1899
†Trilonche echinatum Hinde 1899
†Trilonche elegans Hinde 1899
†Trilonche hindea Aitchison and Stratford 1997
†Trilonche minax Hinde 1899
†Trilonche robusta Aitchison 1993
†Trilonche tetractinia Foreman 1963
†Trilonche vetusta Hinde 1899
Invalid names: Bientactinosphaera Afanasieva 2000 [synonym], Bisphaera Won 1997 [synonym], Druppalonche Hinde 1899 [synonym], Duosphaera Won 1998 [synonym], Ornatoentactinia Afanasieva 2000 [synonym], Staurodruppa Hinde 1899 [synonym]
G. †Uberinterna Sashida and Tonishi 1988
G. †Wuyia Feng 2006
+
†Wuyia dongpanica Feng 2006
Invalid names: Spongentactiniidae Nazarov 1975 [synonym]
Fm. †Eptingiidae Dumitrica 1978
+
G. †Capnuchospyris Dumitrica et al. 2010
+
†Capnuchospyris capnuchosphaeroides Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Charlottea Carter et al. 1998
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†Charlottea amurensis Carter et al. 1998
†Charlottea carterae Yeh 2009
†Charlottea harbridgensis Carter et al. 1998
†Charlottea hotaoensis Gorican et al. 2006
†Charlottea johnsoni Carter et al. 1998
†Charlottea penderi Gorican et al. 2006
†Charlottea proprietatis Carter et al. 1998
†Charlottea triquetra Carter et al. 1998
†Charlottea weedensis Carter et al. 1998
G. †Coronatubopyle Kozur and Mostler 2006
+
†Coronatubopyle denticulata Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Coronatubopyle omanensis Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Coronatubopyle spelae Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Cryptostephanidium Dumitrica 1978
+
†Cryptostephanidium dextrogyrum Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Cryptostephanidium japonicum Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
†Cryptostephanidium nannum Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Cryptostephanidium rectospina Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Cryptostephanidium reticulospinosum Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Divatella Kozur and Mostler 1981
+
†Divatella austriaca Kozur and Mostler 1981
†Divatella robinsoni Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Eptingium Dumitrica 1978
+
†Eptingium aljilense Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Eptingium amoenum Carter 1993
†Eptingium manfredi Dumitrica 1978
†Eptingium nakasekoi Kozur and Mostler 1994
†Eptingium onesimos Carter 1993
G. †Ferresium Blome 1984
+
†Ferresium conclusum Carter 1993
†Ferresium laseekense Blome 1984
†Ferresium okuyucui Uzuncimen et al. 2011
†Ferresium philippinense Yeh and Cheng 1996
†Ferresium teekwoonense Carter 1993
†Ferresium triquetrum Carter 1993
G. †Perisphyridium Dumitrica 1978
G. †Perispyridium Dumitrica 1978
+
†Perispyridium darwini MacLeod 1988
†Perispyridium dettermani Pessagno and Blome 1982
†Perispyridium dumitricai Pessagno and Blome 1982
†Perispyridium facetum Pessagno and Blome 1982
†Perispyridium hippaense Carter et al. 1988
†Perispyridium ordinarium Pessagno 1977
†Perispyridium schopfi MacLeod 1988
†Perispyridium serratum Kiessling 1999
†Perispyridium tamarackense Pessagno and Blome 1982
†Perispyridium trifolium Kiessling 1999
Invalid names: Protoperispyridium Yeh 1987 [synonym]
G. †Pylostephanidium Dumitrica 1978
+
†Pylostephanidium clavator Dumitrica 1978
†Pylostephanidium mimeticum Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Spongostephanidium Dumitrica 1978
+
†Spongostephanidium austriacum Kozur and Mostler 1996
G. †Tozerium Carter et al. 1998
+
†Tozerium nascens Carter et al. 1998
G. †Triassistephanidium Dumitrica 1978
+
†Triassistephanidium anisicum Kozur and Mostler 1996
G. †Triassolaguncula Dumitrica et al. 2010
+
†Triassolaguncula tetrapes Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Veleptingium Dumitrica et al. 2010
+
†Veleptingium odoghertyi Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Xenorum Blome 1984
+
†Xenorum flexum Blome 1984
†Xenorum jinluense Wang et al. 2002
†Xenorum jurassicum Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Xenorum rotundum Dumitrica et al. 2010
Fm. †Haplentactiniidae Nazarov 1980
+
G. †Arcoclathrata Afanasieva and Amon 2016
G. †Bissylentactinia Nazarov 1975
G. †Haplentactinia Foreman 1963
+
†Haplentactinia armillata Nazarov, in Nazarov and Popov 1980
†Haplentactinia armista Siveter et al. 2007
†Haplentactinia ichikawai Caridroit and De Wever 1984
Invalid names: Arrhinella Kozur and Mostler 1981 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pseudorotasphaerinae Noble 1994
+
G. †Natgorella Afanasieva 2019
+
†Natgorella elegans Afanasieva 2019
†Natgorella hirsuta Afanasieva 2019
Invalid names: Haplactiniinae Nazarov 1980 [empty], Haplentactiniinae Nazarov 1980 [empty]
Fm. †Heptacladidae Dumitrica et al. 1980
+
G. †Heptacladus Dumitrica et al. 1980
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†Heptacladus crassispinus Dumitrica et al. 1980
G. †Parentactinosphaera Kozur and Mostler 1979
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†Parentactinosphaera longispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Parentactinosphaera oertlii Kozur and Mostler 1979
Invalid names: Komoella Lahm 1984 [synonym], Pseudoheptacladus Lahm 1984 [synonym]
G. †Pseudosepsagon Kozur and Mostler 1994
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†Pseudosepsagon emonaensis Ramovs and Gorican 1995
†Pseudosepsagon illyricus Kozur and Mostler 1994
†Pseudosepsagon pentaspinosus Kozur and Mostler 1994
G. †Stauropylissa Dumitrica 1989
G. †Weverisphaera Kozur and Mostler 1981
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Invalid names: Livinalongella Lahm 1984 [synonym]
Fm. †Hexalonchidae Haeckel 1881
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G. Heterosoma Mast 1910
G. Hexacontium Haeckel 1881
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†Hexacontium mesotriassicum Dumitrica et al. 1980
G. Hexalonche Haeckel 1881
G. Hollandosphaera Deflandre 1973
G. Nanina Kozur and Mostler 1982
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Invalid names: Pentactinosphaera Nagata and Nishimura 1983 [synonym]
G. Tetrapetalon Hollande and Enjumet 1960
Fm. †Hexastylidae Haeckel 1881
+
G. Centracontium Popofsky 1912
G. Centrolonche Popofsky 1912
G. Hexastylus Haeckel 1881
+
†Hexastylus carnicus Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Hexastylus grahamensis Kiessling 1999
†Hexastylus uvarius Rüst 1898
G. Stigmosphaera Haeckel 1887
G. Stigmosphaerusa Hollande and Enjumet 1960
G. Stigmostylus Hollande and Enjumet 1960
Fm. †Hindeosphaeridae Kozur and Mostler 1981
+
G. †Hindeosphaera Kozur and Mostler 1979
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†Hindeosphaera austriaca Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Hindeosphaera bispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Hindeosphaera foremanae Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Hindeosphaera goestlingensis Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Hindeosphaera spinulosa Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
G. †Muelleritortis Kozur 1988
+
†Muelleritortis firma Gorican 1990
Invalid names: Pentatortis Kozur 1988 [synonym]
G. †Mulderella Kozur and Mostler 1981
G. †Parasepsagon Dumitrica et al. 1980
+
†Parasepsagon leptaleus Sugiyama 1992
†Parasepsagon tetracanthus Dumitrica et al. 1980
†Parasepsagon variabilis Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
G. †Pseudostylosphaera Kozur and Mostler 1981
+
†Pseudostylosphaera compacta Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
†Pseudostylosphaera goestlingensis Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Pseudostylosphaera gracilis Kozur and Mock 1981
†Pseudostylosphaera japonica Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
†Pseudostylosphaera kozuri Sugiyama 1992
†Pseudostylosphaera longispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1981
†Pseudostylosphaera multispinata Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Pseudostylosphaera nazarovi Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Pseudostylosphaera oblonga Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Pseudostylosphaera procera Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Pseudostylosphaera tenuis Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
G. †Sepsagon Dumitrica et al. 1980
+
†Sepsagon longispinosus Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Sepsagon robustus Lahm 1984
G. †Tritortis Kozur 1988
Fm. †Hollandocachoniidae Dumitrica 2013
+
G. †Hollandocachonia Dumitrica 2013
+
†Hollandocachonia haeckeli Dumitrica 2013
G. †Sphaerentofurca Dumitrica 2013
+
†Sphaerentofurca aranea Dumitrica 2013
†Sphaerentofurca polygonata Dumitrica 2013
G. †Spongentofurca Dumitrica 2013
+
†Spongentofurca arcuata Dumitrica 2013
G. †Stylentofurca Dumitrica 2013
+
†Stylentofurca kiesslingi Dumitrica 2013
†Stylentofurca polyacantha Dumitrica 2013
†Stylentofurca rara Dumitrica 2013
†Stylentofurca serrata Dumitrica 2013
†Stylentofurca tortilis Dumitrica 2013
G. †Zuegelifurca Dumitrica 2013
+
†Zuegelifurca germanica Dumitrica 2013
Fm. †Inaniguttidae Nazarov and Ormiston 1984
+
G. †Fusalfanus Furutani 1990
G. †Inanibigutta Nazarov 1988
G. †Inanigutta Nazarov and Ormiston 1984
+
†Inanigutta magnifica Maletz and Bruton 2008
†Inanigutta unica Nazarov 1975
G. †Inanihella Nazarov and Ormiston 1984
+
†Inanihella bakanasensis Nazarov 1975
†Inanihella penrosei Ruedemann and Wilson 1936
†Inanihella sagena Siveter et al. 2007
G. †Oriundogutta Nazarov 1988
Fm. †Isometractiniidae Dumitrica 2013
+
G. †Isometractinia Dumitrica 2013
+
†Isometractinia fimbriata Dumitrica 2013
†Isometractinia wonae Dumitrica 2013
G. †Kahlerosphaera Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
†Kahlerosphaera abnormis Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera faludyi Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera hamvasi Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera karinthyi Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera kerteszi Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera koestleri Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera longispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Kahlerosphaera norica Kozur and Mock 1981
†Kahlerosphaera pamuki Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera parvispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Kahlerosphaera rejtoei Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera szerbi Kozur et al. 2007
†Kahlerosphaera vonneguti Kozur et al. 2007
Fm. †Kungalariidae Dumitrica and Carter 1999
+
G. †Cachecreekaria Dumitrica and Carter 1999
G. †Kungalaria Dumitrica and Carter 1999
G. †Pentabelus Sugiyama 1992
+
†Pentabelus furutanii Sugiyama 1992
Invalid names: Tetrarhopalus Sugiyama 1992 [synonym]
G. †Transylvanaria Dumitrica and Carter 1999
Fm. †Multiarcusellidae Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
Subfm. †Austrisaturnalinae Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
G. †Austrisaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Austrisaturnalis quadriradiatus Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Hungarosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
†Hungarosaturnalis multispinosus Kozur and Mostler 1983
G. †Ornatisaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1994
G. †Praeheliostaurus Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Solisaturnalis Mostler and Kreiner 1994
G. †Tiborella Dumitrica et al. 1980
+
†Tiborella agria Sugiyama 1992
†Tiborella florida Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
†Tiborella magnidentata Dumitrica et al. 1980
Subfm. †Multiarcusellinae Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
G. †Baloghisphaera Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
†Baloghisphaera kovacsi Kozur and Mostler 1979
G. †Beturiella Dumitrica et al. 1980
+
†Beturiella robusta Dumitrica et al. 1980
G. †Multiarcusella Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
†Multiarcusella muelleri Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Multiarcusella spinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
G. †Triarcella Kozur and Mock 1981
+
†Triarcella sulovensis Kozur and Mock 1981
Fm. †Odoghertitidae Dumitrica 2013
+
G. †Odoghertites Dumitrica 2013
+
†Odoghertites tithonianus Dumitrica 2013
Fm. †Palaeolithocycliidae Kozur and Mostler 1989
+
G. †Palaeolithocyclia Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Palaeolithocyclia pilata Feng et al. 2009
†Palaeolithocyclia platta Feng et al. 2009
Invalid names: Eostylodictya Ormiston and Lane 1976 [synonym], Palaeoastrocyclia Kozur and Mostler 1972 [synonym], Spaerodiscus Won 1983 [synonym], Sphaerodiscus Won 1983 [synonym]
G. †Paramphibrachium Kozur and Mostler 1978
+
†Paramphibrachium woni Feng et al. 2009
Invalid names: Gedauia Won 1983 [synonym]
Fm. †Palaeoscenidiidae Riedel 1967
+
G. †Deflantrica Wakamatsu et al. 1990
G. †Holdsworthum Furutani 1990
G. †Insolitignum MacDonald 1999
+
†Insolitignum dissimile Goodbody 1986
G. †Pactarentinia Furutani 1983
G. †Palaeodecaradium Goodbody 1986
+
Invalid names: Palaeotripus Goodbody 1986 [synonym]
G. †Palaeoephippium Goodbody 1986
+
†Palaeoephippium echinatum Goodbody 1986
Invalid names: Palaeotrifidus Renz 1990 [synonym]
G. †Palaeopyramidium Goodbody 1986
G. †Palaeoscenidium Deflandre 1953
+
†Palaeoscenidium cladophorum Deflandre 1953
Invalid names: Goodbodium Furutani 1990 [synonym]
G. †Parentactinia Dumitrica 1978
+
†Parentactinia carteri Carter et al. 1998
†Parentactinia lata Kozur and Mostler 1994
†Parentactinia pugnax Dumitrica 1978
G. †Praesaturnalis Li 1994
+
Invalid names: Palaeoumbraculum Amon et al. 1995 [synonym]
G. †Procyrtis Li 1995
G. †Tlecerina Furutani 1983
Invalid names: Fukujius Furutani 1990 [nomen dubium], Parentactiniidae Kozur and Mostler 1981 [synonym]
Fm. †Pentactinocarpidae Dumitrica 1978
+
G. †Busuanga Yeh 1990
G. †Lobactinocapsa Dumitrica 1978
G. †Pentactinocapsa Dumitrica 1978
+
†Pentactinocapsa awaensis Nakaseko and Nishimura 1979
G. †Pentactinocarpus Dumitrica 1978
+
†Pentactinocarpus acanthicus Dumitrica 1978
†Pentactinocarpus fusiformis Dumitrica 1978
†Pentactinocarpus magnus Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Pentactinocarpus sevaticus Kozur and Mostler 1981
Invalid names: Oertlisphaera Kozur and Mostler 1979 [synonym], Praedruppatractylis Kozur and Mostler 1979 [synonym]
G. †Pentactinorbis Dumitrica 1978
+
†Pentactinorbis dumitricai Kozur and Mostler 1994
Fm. †Polyentactiniidae Nazarov 1975
+
G. †Cuboctostylus Bragnia 1999
G. †Pyloctostylus Dumitrica 1994
Fm. †Proventocitidae Aitchison 1998
+
G. †Etymalbaillella Li 1995
G. †Proventocitum Nazarov 1988
+
†Proventocitum procerulum Nazarov, in Nazarov and Popov 1980
Fm. †Pylentonemidae Deflandre 1963
+
G. †Polyentactinia Foreman 1963
+
†Polyentactinia aranea Gourmelon 1986
†Polyentactinia biacus Sugiyama 1992
†Polyentactinia crux Sugiyama 1992
†Polyentactinia polygonia Foreman 1963
G. †Pylentonema Deflandre 1963
+
†Pylentonema antiqua Deflandre 1963
G. †Quadrapesus Cheng 1986
Fm. †Quinquecapsulariidae Dumitrica 1995
+
G. †Empirea Carter et al. 1998
+
†Empirea hasta Carter et al. 1998
G. †Quinquecapsularia Pessagno 1972
G. †Radium Yeh 1989
+
†Radium pessagnoi Yeh 1989
Fm. †Rhizosphaeridae Haeckel 1881
+
G. †Elatommura Haeckel 1887
G. †Haliommilla Haeckel 1887
+
Invalid names: Actinosphaera Hollande and Enjumet 1960 [synonym]
G. †Rhizosphaera Haeckel 1860
Fm. Saturnalidae Deflandre 1953
+
Subfm. Axopruninae Dumitrica 1983
+
G. Amphisphaerella Haeckel 1887
G. Axoprunum Haeckel 1887
G. Stylacontarium Popofsky 1912
G. Xiphosphaerella Haeckel 1887
G. Xiphostyletta Haeckel 1887
Subfm. †Heliosaturnalinae Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
G. †Heliosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Heliosaturnalis magnus Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Palaeosaturnalis Donofrio and Mostler 1978
+
†Palaeosaturnalis blomei Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis brevispinosus Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Palaeosaturnalis edentatus Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Palaeosaturnalis fragilis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis haeckeli Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis latiannulatus Kozur and Mostler 1983
†Palaeosaturnalis lenggriesensis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis liassicus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis mocki Kozur and Mostler 1983
†Palaeosaturnalis parvispinosus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis raridenticulatus Kozur and Mock 1981
†Palaeosaturnalis rectangularis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis schaafi Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis subovalis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Palaeosaturnalis triassicus Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Praehexasaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
†Praehexasaturnalis germanicus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Praehexasaturnalis kirchsteinensis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Praehexasaturnalis poultoni Carter et al. 1998
†Praehexasaturnalis tenuispinosus Donofrio and Mostler 1978
†Praehexasaturnalis tetraradiatus Kozur and Mostler 1990
G. †Pseudoheliodiscus Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Pseudoheliodiscus alpinus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudoheliodiscus bifidus Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Pseudoheliodiscus concordis De Wever 1981
†Pseudoheliodiscus finchi Pessagno et al. 1979
†Pseudoheliodiscus hettangicus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudoheliodiscus inaequispinosus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudoheliodiscus massivus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudoheliodiscus nevianii Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudoheliodiscus poissoni De Wever 1981
†Pseudoheliodiscus primitivus Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Pseudoheliodiscus radiosus De Wever 1981
†Pseudoheliodiscus robustospinosus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudoheliodiscus rotundus Yang and Mizutani 1991
†Pseudoheliodiscus viejoensis Pessagno et al. 1979
†Pseudoheliodiscus yaoi Pessagno and Poisson 1981
Invalid names: Saturnosphaera Tikhomirova 1975 [synonym]
G. †Stauracanthocircus Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
†Stauracanthocircus asymmetricus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Stauracanthocircus circularis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Stauracanthocircus nadanhadaensis Yang and Mizutani 1991
†Stauracanthocircus pessagnoi Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Stauracanthocircus poetschensis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Stauracanthocircus quadratus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Stauracanthocircus ruesti Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Stauracanthocircus transitus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Stauracanthocircus triangulospinosus Kozur and Mostler 1990
Subfm. †Hexasaturnalinae Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
G. †Dicerosaturnalis Dumitrica and Dumitrica-Jud 1994
+
G. †Eospongosaturninus Kozur and Mostler 1990
+
G. †Hexasaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
†Hexasaturnalis octopus Gorican et al. 2006
Invalid names: Kozurastrum De Wever 1984 [synonym], Yaosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1983 [synonym]
G. †Octosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1990
+
†Octosaturnalis carinatus Kozur and Mostler 1990
G. †Liassosatumalis Kozur and Mostler 1990
G. †Mesosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1981
+
†Mesosaturnalis artus Donofrio and Mostler 1978
†Mesosaturnalis furcatus Bragin 2007
G. †Palaeosatumalis Donofrio and Mostler 1978
G. †Praemesosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1981
+
†Praemesosaturnalis convertus Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Praemesosaturnalis gracilis Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Praemesosaturnalis heilongjiangensis Yang and Mizutani 1991
†Praemesosaturnalis quadriradiatus Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Praemesosaturnalis validus Donofrio and Mostler 1978
†Praemesosaturnalis zapfei Kozur and Mostler 1972
Subfm. Saturnalinae Deflandre 1953
+
G. †Acanthocircus Squinabol 1903
+
†Acanthocircus breviaculeatus Donofrio and Mostler 1978
†Acanthocircus calvus Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Acanthocircus carinatus Foreman 1973
†Acanthocircus dumitricai Kiessling 1999
†Acanthocircus echinocircus Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Acanthocircus euganeus Squinabol 1914
†Acanthocircus hueyi Pessagno 1976
†Acanthocircus italicus Squinabol 1914
†Acanthocircus minimus Squinabol 1914
†Acanthocircus preclarus Foreman 1975
†Acanthocircus rotundus Blome 1984
†Acanthocircus simplex Squinabol 1914
†Acanthocircus spelae Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Acanthocircus spinifer Campbell and Clark 1944
+
Invalid names: Acanthocircus amissus Squinabol 1914 [synonym]
†Acanthocircus tympanum O'Dogherty 1994
†Acanthocircus variabilis Squinabol 1914
†Acanthocircus venetus Squinabol 1914
†Acanthocircus yaoi Yang 1993
Invalid names: Spongosaturnalis Campbell and Clark 1944 [synonym]
G. Aurisaturnalis Dumitrica and Dumitrica-Jud 1994
G. †Moebicircus Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
+
G. Praeacanthocircus Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
†Praeacanthocircus spinosus Kozur and Mostler 1990
G. †Pseudacanthocircus Kozur and Mostler 1990
+
†Pseudacanthocircus baumgartneri Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudacanthocircus laevis Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudacanthocircus mediospinosus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudacanthocircus mocki Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudacanthocircus pseudosimplex Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudacanthocircus terminospinosus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudacanthocircus troegeri Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Pseudoacanthocircus troegeri Kozur and Mostler 1990
G. †Spinoellipsella Kozur and Mostler 1990
+
†Spinoellipsella densispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Spinoellipsella latispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1990
G. †Spongosaturninus Campbell and Clark 1944
+
†Spongosaturninus corpulentus Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Spongosaturninus kiesslingi Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Spongosaturninus matsuokai Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Spongosaturninus medioangustus Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Spongosaturninus radius Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
†Spongosaturninus tortuosus Dumitrica and Zügel 2008
G. †Vitorfus Pessagno 1977
+
†Vitorfus campbelli Pessagno 1977
†Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin 1981
G. Saturnalis Haeckel 1887
Fm. †Spongosaturnaloididae Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
G. †Ploechingerella Kozur and Mostler 1983
+
†Ploechingerella elbistanensis Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Ploechingerella irregularis Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Ploechingerella subcerniculum Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Ploechingerella torquis Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Ploechingerella undomarginata Dumitrica et al. 2010
G. †Spongosaturnaloides Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Spongosaturnaloides macilentus Dumitrica et al. 2010
†Spongosaturnaloides multidentatus Kozur and Mostler 1983
†Spongosaturnaloides triradiatus Dumitrica et al. 2010
Fm. †Tetrentactiniidae Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
Tr. †Tetrentactiniini Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
G. †Multisphaera Nazarov and Afanasieva 2000
+
†Multisphaera triassorobusta Takahashi 2014
+
Invalid names: Somphoentactinia Nazarov 1975 [synonym], Spongentactinella Nazarov 1975 [synonym]
G. †Triaenosphaera Deflandre 1973
+
†Triaenosphaera bareillensis Gourmelon 1986
†Triaenosphaera sicarius Deflandre 1973
Invalid names: Triaenoentactinosphaera Wang 1997 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ellipsostigma Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Thalassothamnidae Haecker 1906
+
G. †Conostylus Popofsky 1907
G. †Cytocladus Schröder 1906
G. †Thalassothamnus Haecker 1906
G. †Triassothamnus Kozur and Mostler 1981
+
†Triassothamnus verticillatus Dumitrica 1980
Invalid names: Archaeothamnulus Dumitrica 1982 [synonym]
Fm. †Triumbraculidae Dumitrica 2013
+
G. †Triumbraculum Dumitrica 2013
+
†Triumbraculum brauni Dumitrica 2013
Invalid names: Cyclocarpus Li and Wang 1991 [nomen dubium], Helioentactinia Nazarov 1975 [nomen dubium], Paleoxiphosphaera [nomen dubium], Protoentactiniacea Kozur et al. 1996 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicap
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: omnivorep
Created: 2005-01-28 01:13:47
Modified: 2005-01-28 03:13:47
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Moridunian to the top of the Zanclean or 478.60000 to 3.60000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 471.8 Ma

Collections (1482 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Moridunian478.6 - 471.8Kazakhstan Inanihella akzhala, Proventocitum procerulum, Inanihella bakanasensis (38015)
Llanvirn466.0 - 460.9Norway Inanigutta penrosei, Inanigutta sp. A, Inanigutta sp. B, Inaniguttidae indet., Haplentactinia armillata, Proventocitum procerulum, Inanigutta magnifica (90922) Inanigutta penrosei, Inanigutta sp. B, Inaniguttidae indet., Haplentactinia armillata, Proventocitum procerulum (90921)
Llandeilo466.0 - 449.5China (Xinjiang) Inaniguttidae indet. (90914)
Llandeilo - Caradoc466.0 - 449.5Kazakhstan Entactinia dasysa, Entactinosphaera verrucula (37829)
Caradocian460.9 - 449.5USA (Nevada) Entactinia sublata, Entactinia spongia, Palaeotripus sexabrachiatus, Palaeotrifidus ballator, Palaeotrifidus imbifurcus (13498)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Russian Federation (Siberia) Borisella subulata (206140)
Katian - Hirnantian453.0 - 443.4Russian Federation (Siberia) Borisella subulata (205665)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Sweden Palaeoephippium echinatum, Insolitignum dissimile (90958)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4United Kingdom Inanihella sp., Inanihella sagena, Haplentactinia armista (68060)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Australia (Queensland) Stigmosphaerostylus sp. A, Stigmosphaerostylus sp. B, Stigmosphaerostylus horrida (90987)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Australia (Queensland) Entactiniidae indet., Trilonche elegans (90985) Stigmosphaerostylus sp., Trilonche echinata, Trilonche elegans (90986)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Australia (Queensland) Stigmosphaerostylus sp. (90989) Stigmosphaerostylus sp. B, Trilonche sp. B, Trilonche sp. A, Trilonche echinata, Entactiniidae indet., Trilonche vetusta, Trilonche davidi, Stigmosphaerostylus hystricuosa, Stigmosphaerostylus profundisculus (90991) Trilonche echinata, Entactiniidae indet., Trilonche robusta (90988) Trilonche echinata, Entactiniidae indet., Trilonche vetusta, Trilonche minax (90990)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Australia (Queensland) Helioentactinia sp., Spongentactinia sp., Stigmosphaerostylus sp. B, Trilonche sp., Trilonche echinata, Trilonche sp. B, Entactiniidae indet., Trilonche vetusta, Trilonche elegans, Trilonche minax, Trilonche davidi, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum, Trilonche robusta, Stigmosphaerostylus gogoensis (90992)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Yunnan) Helioentactinia yunnaensis, Stigmosphaerostylus dissora, Stigmosphaerostylus sp. A, Trilonche inusitata, Trilonche parapalimbola, Trilonche sp. A., Spongentactinella corynacantha, Spongentactinia shaijingpoensis, Polyentactinia miopora (90904) Stigmosphaerostylus sp. (90907)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (Queensland) Trilonche echinata, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum (90993)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Russian Federation (Northern Urals) Entactinia sp., Entactinisphaera cancellicula (12330)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9USA (Ohio) Entactinia cometes, Entactinia crustescens, Entactinia exilispina, Entactinia herculea, Entactinia monalloea, Entactinia pantosompha, Entactinia paula, Entactinia spongites, Entactinia additiva, Entactinia sychnacanthina, Entactinosphaera dystactotata, Entactinosphaera echinata, Entactinosphaera euthlasta, Entactinosphaera fredericki, Entactinosphaera inusitata, Entactinosphaera symphypora, Entactinosphaera tretactinia, Entactinosphaera variacanthina, Entactinosphaera diplostraca, Entactinosphaera erebenna, Entactinosphaera hapala, Entactinosphaera polyacanthina, Haplentactinia arrhinia, Palaeoscenidium quadriramosum, Polyentactinia leptosphaera, Polyentactinia plecta, Staurodruppa prolata, Tetrentactinia barysphaera, Tetrentactinia gracilispinosa, Tetrentactinia quadrispinosa, Tetrentactinia somphosphaera, Tetrentactinia somphozona, Tetrentactinia spongacea, Tetrentactinia teuchestes, Entactinosphaera esostrongyla, Polyentactinia polygonia, Tetrentactinia veles, Haplentactinia rhinophyusa, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum (142363) Entactinia cometes, Entactinia crustescens, Entactinia exilispina, Entactinia herculea, Entactinia spongites, Entactinosphaera dystactotata, Entactinosphaera echinata, Entactinosphaera euthlasta, Entactinosphaera fredericki, Entactinosphaera inusitata, Entactinosphaera riedeli, Entactinosphaera symphypora, Entactinosphaera tretactinia, Entactinosphaera variacanthina, Entactinosphaera diplostraca, Entactinosphaera erebenna, Entactinosphaera hapala, Entactinosphaera polyacanthina, Haplentactinia arrhinia, Palaeoscenidium quadriramosum, Polyentactinia leptosphaera, Staurodruppa prolata, Tetrentactinia barysphaera, Tetrentactinia gracilispinosa, Tetrentactinia quadrispinosa, Tetrentactinia somphosphaera, Tetrentactinia somphozona, Tetrentactinia spongacea, Entactinosphaera esostrongyla, Polyentactinia polygonia, Tetrentactinia veles, Haplentactinia rhinophyusa, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum (142361) Entactinia herculea, Entactinia micula, Entactinia pantosompha, Entactinia quantilla, Entactinia somphorhips, Entactinia spongites, Entactinosphaera dystactotata, Entactinosphaera fredericki, Entactinosphaera hystricosa, Entactinosphaera riedeli, Entactinosphaera symphypora, Entactinosphaera tretactinia, Entactinosphaera diplostraca, Haplentactinia arrhinia, Polyentactinia leptosphaera, Staurodruppa prolata, Tetrentactinia barysphaera, Tetrentactinia gracilispinosa, Tetrentactinia quadrispinosa, Entactinosphaera esostrongyla, Polyentactinia craticulata, Polyentactinia polygonia, Entactinosphaera cancellicula, Haplentactinia rhinophyusa, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum (142358)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1China (Guizhou) Astroentactinia sp., Stigmosphaerostylus variospina, Trilonche minax, Trilonche davidi, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum (90909)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1China (Guangxi) Spongentactinella corynacantha (90910)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1China (Yunnan) Spongentactinella corynacantha, Stigmosphaerostylus variospina, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum (90906) Stigmosphaerostylus sp. B, Stigmosphaerostylus dimidiata, Trilonche minax, Trilonche davidi (90908)