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Entactiniidae
Taxonomy
Entactiniidae was named by Riedel (1967).
It was assigned to Spumellaria by Nazarov and Ormiston (1983); to Entactiniacae by Aitchison (1993); to Spumellaria by Aitchison et al. (1999), Wang et al. (2003) and Feng et al. (2004); and to Entactinaria by De Wever et al. (2001), Takahashi and Miyake (2014) and Noble et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Spumellaria by Nazarov and Ormiston (1983); to Entactiniacae by Aitchison (1993); to Spumellaria by Aitchison et al. (1999), Wang et al. (2003) and Feng et al. (2004); and to Entactinaria by De Wever et al. (2001), Takahashi and Miyake (2014) and Noble et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Afanasievella, Apophysiactinia, Astroentactiniinae, Bientactinosphaerinae, Borisella, Callela, Cancellosphaera, Costaentactinia, Cubaxonium, Duodecimentactinia, Duplexia, Entactiniinae, Entactinosphaera (syn. Belowea, Thecentactinia, Stolbergia), Fenestrula, Gracilentactinia, Hegleria, Holdisphaera, Involutentactinia, Kashiwara, Klaengspongus, Lententactinia, Magnentactinia, Magnisphaera, Megaporus, Microporosa, Moskovistella, Multientactinia, Munzuwonella (syn. Wonella), Oruatemanua, Paracopicyntra, Paratriposphaera, Perforentactinia, Plenoentactinia, Plenosphaera (syn. Spongosphaera), Pluristratoentactinia (syn. Meschedea), Polyedroentactinia, Provisocyntra, Radiobisphaera, Retentactinia, Retentactiniinae, Retisphaera, Shinkaiera, Sinosphaera, Spongentactinia, Stigmosphaerostylus (syn. Palaeoxyphostylus, Entactinia, Inaequalientactinia, Astroentactinia, Apophysisphaera), Stygmosphaerostylus, Tardentactinia, Trilonche (syn. Ornatoentactinia, Staurodruppa, Bisphaera, Bientactinosphaera, Duosphaera, Druppalonche), Uberinterna, Wuyia
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1967 | Entactiniidae Riedel |
| 1975 | Spongentactiniidae Nazarov |
| 1983 | Entactiniidae Nazarov and Ormiston |
| 1993 | Entactiniidae Aitchison |
| 1999 | Entactiniidae Aitchison et al. p. 144 |
| 2001 | Entactiniidae De Wever et al. p. 178 |
| 2001 | Spongentactiniidae De Wever et al. p. 180 |
| 2003 | Entactiniidae Wang et al. p. 130 |
| 2004 | Entactiniidae Feng et al. p. 384 |
| 2014 | Spongentactiniidae Takahashi and Miyake p. 281 |
| 2014 | Entactiniidae Takahashi and Miyake p. 291 |
| 2017 | Entactiniidae Noble et al. p. 438 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Entactiniidae Riedel 1967
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G. †Apophysiactinia Won 1997
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†Apophysiactinia duplospinula Won 1997
†Apophysiactinia iamsi Park and Won 2012
†Apophysiactinia testacea Won 1997
†Apophysiactinia trispinula Won 1997
Subfm. †Astroentactiniinae Riedel 1967
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G. †Copicyntra Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
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†Copicyntra acilaxa Nazarov 1986
†Copicyntra acilongata Nazarov 1986
†Copicyntra brevidentata Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Copicyntra cuspidata Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Copicyntra erinacea Nestell and Nestell 2010
†Copicyntra fragilispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Copicyntra irregulata Maldonado and Noble 2010
†Copicyntra leviuscula Amon and Braun 1994
†Copicyntra multispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Copicyntra nuda Wakamatsu et al. 1990
†Copicyntra phymatodonta Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Copicyntra robustodentata Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Copicyntra ruzhencevi Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Copicyntra shaiwaensis Wang and Shang 2001
†Copicyntra simulens Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Copicyntra spinosa Maldonado and Noble 2010
†Copicyntra tongi Gui and Feng 2009
G. †Borisella Afanasieva 2000
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†Borisella bykovae Afanasieva 2000
†Borisella dunhilli Noble and Webby 2009
†Borisella invisitata Afanasieva 2000
†Borisella maksimovae Afanasieva 2000
†Borisella mariae Afanasieva 2000
†Borisella primitiva Afanasieva 2000
G. †Callela Won 1983
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†Callela conispinosa Won 1983
†Callela hexactina Won 1983
†Callela parvispinosa Won 1983
†Callela stellaesimilis Won 1983
†Callela tetravalidaculeata Won 1990
†Callela variaculeata Park and Won 2012
G. †Cancellosphaera Afanasieva 2000
G. †Costaentactinia Seo and Won 2009
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†Costaentactinia delicata Won and Seo 2010
†Costaentactinia foremanae Seo and Won 2009
G. †Cubaxonium Haeckel 1887
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†Cubaxonium antiquorum Sheng and Wang 1982
†Cubaxonium octaedrospongiosum Won 1983
†Cubaxonium spongiosum Haeckel 1887
G. †Duodecimentactinia Won 1997
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†Duodecimentactinia ampla Won 1997
†Duodecimentactinia aranea Won 1997
†Duodecimentactinia media Won 1997
Subfm. †Entactiniinae Riedel 1967
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G. †Entactinosphaera Foreman 1963
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†Entactinosphaera aculeata Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera aculeatissima Aitchison 1993
†Entactinosphaera aenigma Nazarov 1986
†Entactinosphaera aitpaiensis Nazarov 1973
†Entactinosphaera aksakensis Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera almae Won 1983
†Entactinosphaera altasulcata Won 1983
†Entactinosphaera amphilaphes Carter 1993
†Entactinosphaera assidera Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera aubouini Caridroit and De Wever 1986
†Entactinosphaera australis Aitchison 1993
†Entactinosphaera baragensis Nazarov 1981
†Entactinosphaera bellula Wang 1997
†Entactinosphaera brevihebes Won 1983
†Entactinosphaera brevispinosa Sashida and Tonishi 1988
†Entactinosphaera calthrata Nazarov 1986
†Entactinosphaera carssispira Liu 1992
†Entactinosphaera cimelia Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Entactinosphaera conglobata Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera crassiclathrata Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Entactinosphaera crassispinosa Sashida and Tonishi 1985
†Entactinosphaera diplostraca Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera dystactotata Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera egindyensis Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera elegans Furutani 1990
†Entactinosphaera erebenna Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera esostrongyla Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera euthlasta Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera excurrens Nazarov 1980
†Entactinosphaera explicata Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera foremanae Ormiston and Lane 1976
†Entactinosphaera fredericki Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera gengmaensis Feng 1992
†Entactinosphaera grandis Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera guangxiensis Li and Wang 1991
†Entactinosphaera hapala Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera hirta Nazarov 1980
†Entactinosphaera hystricosa Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera inconstans Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera inpercepta Nazarov 1975
†Entactinosphaera inusitata Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera liquidambarfructa Ormiston and Lane 1976
†Entactinosphaera menneri Afanasieva 1997
†Entactinosphaera neocimelia Feng et al. 1998
†Entactinosphaera octospina Won 1991
†Entactinosphaera orientalis Sashida and Tonishi 1985
†Entactinosphaera palimbola Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera paracimelia Feng and Liu 1993
†Entactinosphaera polyacanthina Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera pseudocimelia Sashida and Tonishi 1988
†Entactinosphaera pulcherima Nazarov and Ormiston 1993
†Entactinosphaera riedeli Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera ruesti Won 1991
†Entactinosphaera simoni Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Entactinosphaera spinulata Carter 1993
†Entactinosphaera strangulata Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Entactinosphaera symphypora Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera trendalli Won 1983
†Entactinosphaera tretactinia Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera triassica Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Entactinosphaera unimana Nazarov 1977
†Entactinosphaera variacanthina Foreman 1963
†Entactinosphaera verrucula Nazarov 1976
†Entactinosphaera wuhanensis Feng 1992
†Entactinosphaera zapfei Kozur and Mostler 1979
Invalid names: Belowea [synonym], Stolbergia Kozur and Mostler 1989 [synonym], Thecentactinia Nazarov 1975 [synonym]
G. †Gracilentactinia Kozur and Mostler 1989
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†Gracilentactinia gracilis Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Gracilentactinia sphaerica Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Hegleria Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
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†Hegleria agnusiforma Noble and Jin 2010
†Hegleria globosa Noble and Jin 2010
†Hegleria mammilla Sheng and Wang 1985
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Invalid names: Hegleria mammifera Nazarov and Ormiston 1985 [synonym]
G. †Holdisphaera Kozur and Mostler 1989
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†Holdisphaera furutanii Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Holdisphaera laevis Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Klaengspongus Sashida 2000
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†Klaengspongus formosus Feng et al. 2009
†Klaengspongus planus Nestell and Nestell 2010
†Klaengspongus spinosus Sashida 2000
†Klaengspongus umbilicatus Feng et al. 2009
G. †Magnentactinia Won 1997
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†Magnentactinia fragilis Won 1997
†Magnentactinia hexagonia Park and Won 2012
†Magnentactinia ostentata Jones and Noble 2006
G. †Magnisphaera Won 1997
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†Magnisphaera aitchisoniana Won 1997
†Magnisphaera gigantea Won 1997
†Magnisphaera imperfecta Won 1997
G. †Megaporus Feng 2006
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†Megaporus jini Feng 2006
†Megaporus unicum Feng 2006
†Megaporus yangi Feng 2006
†Megaporus yini Feng 2006
G. †Microporosa Afanasieva and Amon 2016
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†Microporosa aktastensis Afanasieva and Amon 2016
†Microporosa rozhnovi Afanasieva and Amon 2016
G. †Moskovistella Afanasieva 2000
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†Moskovistella allbororum Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella baccata Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella khaini Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella lucet Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella mira Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella octoradiata Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella rozanovi Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella sincera Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella viatoria Afanasieva 2000
†Moskovistella victorialis Afanasieva 2000
G. †Multientactinia Won 1997
+
†Multientactinia inconstans Won 1997
†Multientactinia iniqua Won 1997
†Multientactinia intracata Aitchison 1993
†Multientactinia reedae Won 1997
†Multientactinia soluta Won 1997
G. †Oruatemanua Takemura and Aono 2007
G. †Paracopicyntra Feng et al. 2006
+
†Paracopicyntra akikawaensis Sashida and Tonishi 1988
†Paracopicyntra longispina Feng et al. 2006
†Paracopicyntra puncta Maldonado and Noble 2010
†Paracopicyntra simplex Feng et al. 2006
†Paracopicyntra snyderi Nestell and Nestell 2010
†Paracopicyntra ziyunensis Feng and Gu 2002
G. †Paratriposphaera Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Plenoentactinia Won 1997
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†Plenoentactinia abstrusa Aitchison 1993
†Plenoentactinia concreta Won 1997
†Plenoentactinia gourmelonae Won 1998
†Plenoentactinia pinguis Won 1997
†Plenoentactinia sexangula Won 1997
†Plenoentactinia stella Won 1997
†Plenoentactinia terespongia Takahashi 2014
G. †Plenosphaera Park and Won 2012
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†Plenosphaera gigantea Park and Won 2012
†Plenosphaera tenuitesta Park and Won 2012
†Plenosphaera usitata Park and Won 2012
Invalid names: Spongosphaera Won 1997 [replaced]
G. †Pluristratoentactinia Nazarov 1981
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†Pluristratoentactinia conspissata Nazarov 1981
†Pluristratoentactinia trisphaerata Afanasieva and Amon 2011
Invalid names: Meschedea Won 1983 [synonym]
G. †Polyedroentactinia Kozur and Mostler 1989
+
†Polyedroentactinia cisuralica Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Polyedroentactinia guadalupensis Nestell and Nestell 2010
†Polyedroentactinia quadrata Maldonado and Noble 2010
G. †Provisocyntra Nazarov and Ormiston 1987
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†Provisocyntra amplissima Nazarov and Ormiston 1987
†Provisocyntra cassicula Nazarov and Ormiston 1987
†Provisocyntra conferta Won 1997
†Provisocyntra densa Feng 2007
†Provisocyntra ormistoni Feng 2007
†Provisocyntra pskemensis Nazarov and Ormiston 1987
†Provisocyntra tenuitomenta Nazarov and Ormiston 1987
G. †Radiobisphaera Won 1997
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†Radiobisphaera acuta Won 1997
†Radiobisphaera flamans Won 1997
†Radiobisphaera magnifenestra Won 1997
†Radiobisphaera menneri Afanasieva 2000
†Radiobisphaera multa Won 1997
†Radiobisphaera multiaculeata Won 1997
+
Invalid names: Helioentactinia perjucunda Nazarov and Ormiston 1983 [synonym], Helioentactinia stellaepolus Aitchison 1993 [synonym]
†Radiobisphaera nazaroviana Won 1997
†Radiobisphaera rozanovi Afanasieva and Amon 2009
†Radiobisphaera variantia Won 1997
G. †Retentactinia Won 1997
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†Retentactinia aspera Won 1997
†Retentactinia aspinosa Won 1997
†Retentactinia delicata Won 1997
†Retentactinia dellensus Park and Won 2012
†Retentactinia impedita Won 1997
†Retentactinia interreticulata Won 1997
†Retentactinia kelleri Afanasieva 2000
†Retentactinia kycungensis Takahashi 2014
†Retentactinia levis Won 1997
†Retentactinia longa Won 1997
†Retentactinia parvisphaera Takahashi 2014
†Retentactinia repleta Won 1997
†Retentactinia spongiosa Seo and Won 2009
G. †Retisphaera Won 1997
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†Retisphaera concinna Aitchison 1993
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Invalid names: Somphoentactinia cavata Aitchison 1993 [synonym], Spongentactinia exquisita Aitchison 1993 [synonym]
†Retisphaera distratalis Won 1997
†Retisphaera ovata Won 1997
†Retisphaera rota Won 1997
G. †Spongentactinia Nazarov 1975
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†Spongentactinia ambigua Won 1997
†Spongentactinia flexa Won 1997
†Spongentactinia fungosa Nazarov 1975
†Spongentactinia incerta Nestell et al. 2012
†Spongentactinia indisserta Nazarov 1975
†Spongentactinia inusitata Won 1997
†Spongentactinia invenusta Aitchison 1993
†Spongentactinia marina Afanasieva and Amon 2011
†Spongentactinia mira Won 1997
†Spongentactinia nupera Nazarov 1981
†Spongentactinia polaris Afanasieva and Amon 2011
†Spongentactinia rigida Amon et al. 1990
†Spongentactinia shaijingpoensis Wang 2000
†Spongentactinia simensis Amon et al. 1990
†Spongentactinia subtiradiata Nazarov 1975
G. †Stigmosphaerostylus Rüst 1892
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†Stigmosphaerostylus bazhaiensis Wang 2009
†Stigmosphaerostylus coronatus Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Stigmosphaerostylus cubicus Luo et al. 2002
†Stigmosphaerostylus dobruskinae Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Stigmosphaerostylus favusa Maldonado and Noble 2010
†Stigmosphaerostylus gogoensis Aitchison 1993
†Stigmosphaerostylus horrida Furutani 1983
†Stigmosphaerostylus hystricuosa Aitchison 1993
†Stigmosphaerostylus istanbulensis Noble et al. 2008
†Stigmosphaerostylus itsukaichiensis Sashida and Tonishi 1985
†Stigmosphaerostylus leveni Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Stigmosphaerostylus meyeni Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Stigmosphaerostylus notabilis Rüst 1892
†Stigmosphaerostylus profundisulcus Aitchison 1993
†Stigmosphaerostylus pusilla Hinde 1899
†Stigmosphaerostylus qinzhouensis Wang 2012
†Stigmosphaerostylus sakmaraensis Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Stigmosphaerostylus variospina Won 1983
†Stigmosphaerostylus wildei Noble and Jin 2010
†Stigmosphaerostylus yaoi Kozur and Mostler 1989
Invalid names: Apophysisphaera Won 1997 [synonym], Astroentactinia Nazarov 1975 [synonym], Entactinia Foreman 1963 [synonym], Inaequalientactinia Won 1991 [synonym], Palaeoxyphostylus Won 1983 [synonym], Stigmosphaerostylus inaequalis Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium]
G. †Stygmosphaerostylus Rüst 1892
G. †Tardentactinia Dumitrica 2013
+
†Tardentactinia echinata Dumitrica 2013
†Tardentactinia longispinosa Dumitrica 2013
†Tardentactinia oregonensis Dumitrica 2013
G. †Trilonche Hinde 1899
+
†Trilonche cancellicula Foreman 1963
†Trilonche chiangdaoensis Wonganan and Caridroit 2005
†Trilonche cimelia Ormiston and Lane 1976
†Trilonche crassus He and Feng 2011
†Trilonche davidi Hinde 1899
†Trilonche dihelicis Wonganan and Caridroit 2005
†Trilonche echinata Hinde 1899
†Trilonche elegans Hinde 1899
†Trilonche hindea Aitchison and Stratford 1997
†Trilonche minax Hinde 1899
†Trilonche nanningensis Luo et al. 2002
†Trilonche parapalimbola Wang 2003
†Trilonche pittmani Hinde 1899
†Trilonche remosa Luo et al. 2002
†Trilonche robusta Aitchison 1993
†Trilonche tanheensis Luo et al. 2002
†Trilonche tetractinia Foreman 1963
†Trilonche textilis Feng 2007
†Trilonche trifoliolata Umeda 1997
†Trilonche vachardi Wonganan and Caridroit 2005
†Trilonche vetusta Hinde 1899
†Trilonche xinpoensis Luo et al. 2002
†Trilonche yaoi Zhang et al. 2008
Invalid names: Bientactinosphaera Afanasieva 2000 [synonym], Bisphaera Won 1997 [synonym], Druppalonche Hinde 1899 [synonym], Duosphaera Won 1998 [synonym], Ornatoentactinia Afanasieva 2000 [synonym], Staurodruppa Hinde 1899 [synonym]
Invalid names: Retentactiniinae Won 1997 [empty], Spongentactiniidae Nazarov 1975 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available