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Spinosauridae

Reptilia - Spinosauridae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1915Spinosauridae Stromer p. 28
1922Spinosauridae Matthew and Brown p. 381
1923Spinosauridae Nopcsa p. 126
1924Spinosauridae Lull p. 231
1926Spinosauridae Huene p. 89
1927Spinosauridae Huene p. 266
1934Spinosauridae Stromer p. 23
1937Spinosauridae Roxo p. 65
1946Spinosauridae Kuhn p. 65
1948Spinosauridae Huene p. 90
1964Spinosauridae Tatarinov p. 538
1964Spinosauridae Walker p. 128
1966Spinosauridae Kuhn p. 96
1966Spinosauridae Romer p. 369
1967Spinosauridae Charig p. 714
1968Spinosauridae Maleev p. 95
1969Spinosauridae Colbert and Russell p. 45
1970Spinosauridae Steel p. 38
1975Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis Hou et al. pp. 13-14 fig. 3
1978Spinosauridae Bonaparte p. 323
1980Spinosauridae Bonaparte p. 82
1983Spinosauridae Barsbold p. 60
1986Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Ingavat p. 217
1986Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut and Ingavat p. 217
1988Spinosauridae Carroll
1988Spinosauridae Paul p. 271
1989Spinosauridae Kurzanov p. 3
1992Spinosauridae Molnar p. 266
1993Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 55
1994Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 268 fig. 3
1995Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 159
1995Siamosaurus suteethorni Nessov p. 44
1996Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. p. 42A
1996Irritatoridae Martill et al.
1996Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 989 fig. 4
1997Siamosaurus suteehorni Buffetaut p. 690
1997Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 183
1997Spinosauridae Milner p. 699
1997Spinosauridae Sereno p. 456
1998Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut p. 92
1998Spinosauridae Sereno p. 64
1998Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 1302
1999Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Suteethorn
1999Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut and Suteethorn p. 17
1999Spinosauridae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5
2002Spinosauridae Sues et al. p. 537
2003Siamosaurus Hasegawa et al. p. 2
2003Siamosaurus suteethorni Hasegawa et al. p. 2
2004Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 72
2005Spinosauridae Dal Sasso et al. p. 888
2005Spinosauridae Yates p. 118 fig. 9
2006Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 26
2006Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 26
2006Spinosauridae Medeiros p. 335
2007Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut
2007Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 342
2007Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 342
2007Siamosaurus suteethorni Lauprasert et al. p. 202
2007Spinosauridae Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 189
2008Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 745
2008Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 747
2008Siamosaurus suteethorni Canudo et al. p. 660
2008Spinosauridae Sadleir et al. p. 70
2009Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 230
2010Siamosaurus Buffetaut p. 185
2010Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut p. 185
2011Spinosauridae Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011Siamosaurus Mateus et al. p. 54
2011Siamosaurus suteethorni Mateus et al. p. 54
2011Siamosaurus suteethorni Wongko et al. p. 62
2012Spinosauridae Allain et al. p. 370
2012Spinosauridae Carrano et al. p. 248 fig. 7
2013Spinosauridae Hanson and Makovicky p. 781
2014Spinosauridae Hendrickx and Mateus
2014Siamosaurus Mo et al. p. 6
2014Siamosaurus Mo et al. p. 1057
2014Siamosaurus suteethorni Mo et al. p. 1057
2016Spinosauridae Rauhut et al. p. 38
2019Siamosaurus Arden et al. p. 279–280
2019Siamosaurus Samathi et al. p. 241
2019Siamosaurus suteethorni Samathi et al. p. 241
2019Spinosauridae Tong et al.
2019Siamosaurus suteethorni Wongko et al. p. 8
2022Siamosaurus suteethorni Ji et al. p. 1513
2023Spinosauridae Sharma et al. p. 656

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
RankNameAuthor
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
superfamilyMegalosauroidea()
familySpinosauridae
familySpinosauridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Spinosauridae Stromer 1915
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Subfm. †Baryonychinae Charig and Milner 1986
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G. †Baryonyx Charig and Milner 1986
+
Baryonyx walkeri Charig and Milner 1986
Unr. †Ceratosuchopsini Barker et al. 2021
+
G. †Ceratosuchops Barker et al. 2021
+
Ceratosuchops inferodios Barker et al. 2021
G. †Riparovenator Barker et al. 2021
+
Riparovenator milnerae Barker et al. 2021
G. †Suchomimus Sereno et al. 1998
+
Suchomimus tenerensis Sereno et al. 1998
G. †Protathlitis Santos-Cubedo et al. 2023
+
Protathlitis cinctorrensis Santos-Cubedo et al. 2023
G. †Vallibonavenatrix Malafaia et al. 2019
+
Vallibonavenatrix cani Malafaia et al. 2019
Invalid names: Cristatusaurus Taquet and Russell 1998 [nomen dubium], Suchosaurus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium]
G. †Iberospinus Mateus and Estraviz-López 2022
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Iberospinus natarioi Mateus and Estraviz-López 2022
Subfm. †Spinosaurinae Sereno et al. 1998
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G. †Angaturama Kellner and Campos 1996
+
Angaturama limai Kellner and Campos 1996
G. †Camarillasaurus Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014
+
Camarillasaurus cirugedae Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014
G. †Ichthyovenator Allain et al. 2012
+
Ichthyovenator laosensis Allain et al. 2012
G. †Irritator Martill et al. 1996
+
Irritator challengeri Martill et al. 1996
G. †Sigilmassasaurus Russell 1996
G. †Spinosaurus Stromer 1915
+
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer 1915
+
Invalid names: Oxalaia quilombensis Kellner et al. 2011 [synonym], Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis Russell 1996 [synonym], Spinosaurus marrocanus Russell 1996 [synonym]
Invalid names: Oxalaia Kellner et al. 2011 [synonym]
Invalid names: Spinosaurini Arden et al. 2019 [empty]
Invalid names: Irritatoridae Martill et al. 1996 [synonym], Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Ingavat 1986 [nomen dubium], Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis Hou et al. 1975 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. S. Lull 1924Teeth straight, conical, pointed; posterior neural spines strikingly high, reminding one of those of Dimetrodon
F. v. Huene 194812 m long. Dorsal vertebrae with elongated neural spines. Lower Cenomanian of Egypt.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 3000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 1000 kgg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:08
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:50:08
Source: g = genus, o = order
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Bathonian to the top of the Middle Campanian or 167.70000 to 70.60000 Ma

Collections (144 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Bathonian - Middle Bathonian167.7 - 164.7India (Rajasthan) Spinosauridae indet. (232290)
Late/Upper Jurassic163.5 - 145.0Niger (Agadès) Spinosauridae indet. (224317)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Torvosaurus tanneri (25141)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Tanzania (Lindi) Labrosaurus stechowi (47155)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Poitou-Charentes) Spinosauridae indet. (164377)
Late/Upper Berriasian145.0 - 140.2Spain (La Rioja) Spinosauridae indet. (224944)
Berriasian - Valanginian145.0 - 132.9Brazil (Sergipe) Baryonychinae indet., Spinosauridae indet. (187200)
Late/Upper Berriasian - Hauterivian145.0 - 129.4Spain (Aragón) Spinosauridae indet. (232346)
Late/Upper Berriasian - Hauterivian145.0 - 129.4Spain (Aragon) Baryonyx sp. (232344)
Neocomian - Barremian145.0 - 125.0Spain (Aragón) Suchosaurus cultridens (61317)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Kenya Spinosaurus sp. (135809)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4United Kingdom (England) Suchosaurus sp. (58094)
Late/Upper Valanginian140.2 - 136.4United Kingdom (England) Baryonyx walkeri (96621) Suchosaurus cultridens (52258)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9United Kingdom (England) Spinosauridae indet. (230400)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Early/Lower Barremian136.4 - 125.45Spain (Castellón) Baryonychinae indet. (169278)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Early/Lower Barremian136.4 - 125.45United Kingdom (England) Baryonychidae indet. (53888) Megalosaurus dunkeri (53886)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Early/Lower Barremian136.4 - 125.45Spain (Aragón) Baryonychidae indet. (84212) Baryonychinae indet. (84213)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Early/Lower Barremian136.4 - 125.45Spain (Castilla y León) Baryonyx sp. (68464 89271 89277 131492)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Aptian136.4 - 113.0Spain (Castilla y Leon) Baryonyx sp. (89274)
Hauterivian - Late/Upper Barremian132.9 - 125.45Spain (Aragón) Spinosauridae indet. (232345)
Hauterivian - Barremian132.9 - 125.0Libya (Ghadamis) Baryonyx sp. (110504)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45Portugal (Centro) Suchosaurus sp. (49255)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Aragón) Baryonychidae indet. (28196) Baryonychinae indet. (59080 89275 96073) Spinosaurinae indet. (36368 218873) Spinosaurinae indet., Theropoda indet. B, Dromaeosaurinae indet. 2, Baryonychinae indet. (53921)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45United Kingdom (England) Baryonyx walkeri (45193)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45Portugal (Lisboa) Baryonyx sp. (189306) Baryonyx walkeri (218871)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Teruel) Camarillasaurus cirugedae (135648)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Aragon) Spinosaurinae indet. (59075)
Early/Lower Barremian - Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) Spinosauridae indet. (228969)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Kalasin) Siamosaurus sp. (84443) Siamosaurus suteethorni (36150) Theropoda indet. (36144)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Khon Kaen) Siamosaurus sp. (35973) Siamosaurus suteethorni (36082) Spinosauridae indet. (36160) Theropoda indet. (35974)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Sakon Nakhon) Spinosauridae indet. (204916)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Changwat) Spinosauridae indet. (201767)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Sakhan Nakhan) Siamosaurus suteethorni (79489)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45United Kingdom (England) Baryonyx walkeri (45194)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Valenciana) Baryonychidae indet. (61375) Baryonychinae indet. (61325 61326 61327) Spinosauridae indet. (89291 89293) Suchosaurus cultridens (61324) Vallibonavenatrix cani (84211)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Castellón) Baryonychinae indet. (169162)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Udon Thani) Spinosauridae indet. (116559)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46Spain (Castilla y Leon) Baryonychidae indet. (68471) Baryonyx sp. (89283) Spinosauridae indet. (51034)
Late/Upper Barremian - Aptian130.0 - 113.0Japan (Gunma) Siamosaurus sp. (87522)
Late/Upper Barremian - Aptian130.0 - 113.0Spain (La Rioja) Baryonyx walkeri (89278) Spinosauridae indet. (59092)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0United Kingdom (England) Ceratosuchops inferodios (223358) Riparovenator milnerae (223359)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Spain (La Rioja) Baryonyx sp. (170037)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Spain (Castellón) Spinosauridae indet. (232621 232623)
Barremian - Albian129.4 - 100.5Tunisia (Medinine) Plesiosaurus sp. (166013)
Early/Lower Aptian125.45 - 122.46Spain (Valenciana) Spinosauridae indet. (169469)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Japan (Fukui) Spinosauridae indet. (38020)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Guangxi) Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis (24901 154687) Spinosauridae indet. (154688 177533) Spinosaurinae indet. (228852)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Niger (Agadez) Spinosauridae indet. (37200)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Laos (Savannakhet) Ichthyovenator laosensis (131833)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Thailand (Ubon Ratchathani) Spinosauridae indet. (52346)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Niger (Agadez) Suchomimus tenerensis (60029 133668)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Libya (Tripolitania) Spinosaurinae indet. (206219)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5China (Henan) Spinosauridae indet. (117983)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Thailand (Khon Kaen) Spinosauridae indet. (92261 93887 224555)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Brazil (Maranhão) Spinosauridae indet. (232441)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Laos (Savannakhet) Spinosauridae indet. (118320)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Thailand (Kalasin) Spinosauridae indet. (97765)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Cameroon (Nord) Spinosaurus sp., Spinosauridae indet. (38918)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 112.03Niger (Agadez) Carcharodontosaurus sp. (77189)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 112.03Brazil (Ceará) Angaturama limai (51693) Irritator challengeri (28052) Spinosaurinae indet. (92290) Theropoda indet. (67712)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Australia (Victoria) Spinosauridae indet. (118946)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Tunisia (Tataouine) Baryonyx sp., Spinosauridae indet. (125935) Spinosauridae indet. (163915)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Tunisia (Médenine) Spinosaurus sp., Spinosauridae indet. (67203)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Tunisia (Tataouine) Spinosaurus sp. (116297)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Brazil (Maranhão) Spinosaurinae indet. (79658)
Early/Lower Albian - Late/Upper Cenomanian112.03 - 93.5Algeria (Illizi) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (25191)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) Spinosauridae indet., Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (229406) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (13274 205828) Spinosaurus marrocanus, Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis, Theropoda indet. G, Sigilmassasaurus sp. (52887)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Morocco (Errachidia) Spinosaurus sp. (230106)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Algeria (Adrar) Spinosaurus marrocanus (59578)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Algeria (Béchar) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (224512 224513)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhão) Spinosauridae indet., Sigilmassasaurus sp., Spinosaurus sp., Spinosaurus sp. (56365)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Niger (Agadez) Spinosauridae indet., Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (58577)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) Spinosauridae indet. (90078 141307 163919 163920 163921 163922 163923) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (58519 60002) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (25325 123828) Spinosaurus sp. (96223 115155 144705 155212 163916 163917 163918)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Niger (Zinder) Spinosaurus sp. (228906)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Matruh) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (25127 49330) Spinosaurus sp. B (51748)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Algeria (Illizi) Spinosaurus sp. (227231)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Al Jizah) Spinosaurus B (51751)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Argentina (Río Negro) Spinosauridae indet. (61237)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Egypt (Al Wadi al Jadid) Spinosaurus sp. (54083 97761)