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Zalmoxes
Taxonomy
Zalmoxes was named by Weishampel et al. (2003). It was considered monophyletic by Weishampel et al. (2003).
It was assigned to Iguanodontia by Norman (2004); and to Rhabdodontidae by Weishampel et al. (2003), Sachs and Hornung (2006), Pereda Suberbiola and Galton (2007), Pereda Suberbiola and Galton (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Galton (2009), McDonald et al. (2010), Rich et al. (2010), McDonald (2012), Brusatte et al. (2013), Dieudonné et al. (2016), Brusatte et al. (2017), Godefroit et al. (2017), Madzia et al. (2018), Herne et al. (2019), Bell et al. (2019), Párraga and Prieto-Márquez (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020) and Verdú et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Iguanodontia by Norman (2004); and to Rhabdodontidae by Weishampel et al. (2003), Sachs and Hornung (2006), Pereda Suberbiola and Galton (2007), Pereda Suberbiola and Galton (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Galton (2009), McDonald et al. (2010), Rich et al. (2010), McDonald (2012), Brusatte et al. (2013), Dieudonné et al. (2016), Brusatte et al. (2017), Godefroit et al. (2017), Madzia et al. (2018), Herne et al. (2019), Bell et al. (2019), Párraga and Prieto-Márquez (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020) and Verdú et al. (2021).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1902 | Onychosaurus Nopcsa p. 42 |
| 1956 | Onychosaurus Romer p. 635 |
| 1964 | Onychosaurus Kuhn p. 41 |
| 1964 | Onychosaurus Tatarinov p. 575 |
| 1966 | Onychosaurus Romer p. 370 |
| 2003 | Zalmoxes Weishampel et al. p. 69 figs. 2-34 |
| 2004 | Zalmoxes Norman p. 414 |
| 2006 | Zalmoxes Sachs and Hornung p. 418 |
| 2007 | Zalmoxes Pereda Suberbiola and Galton p. 91 |
| 2008 | Zalmoxes Butler et al. p. 8 |
| 2009 | Zalmoxes Galton p. 215 |
| 2010 | Zalmoxes McDonald et al. p. 33 fig. 39 |
| 2010 | Zalmoxes Rich et al. p. 395 |
| 2012 | Zalmoxes McDonald p. 2 |
| 2013 | Zalmoxes Brusatte et al. p. 634 |
| 2016 | Zalmoxes Dieudonné et al. p. 26–27 fig. 14 |
| 2017 | Zalmoxes Brusatte et al. p. 4 |
| 2017 | Zalmoxes Godefroit et al. p. 5 |
| 2018 | Zalmoxes Madzia et al. p. 973 fig. 4 |
| 2019 | Zalmoxes Bell et al. p. 14 |
| 2019 | Zalmoxes Herne et al. p. 574 fig. 25 |
| 2019 | Zalmoxes Párraga and Prieto-Márquez p. 254 |
| 2020 | Zalmoxes Dieudonné et al. |
| 2021 | Zalmoxes Verdú et al. p. 10 fig. 9 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Zalmoxes Weishampel et al. 2003
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†Zalmoxes robustus Nopcsa 1900
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Invalid names: Camptosaurus inkeyi Nopcsa 1900 [synonym], Onychosaurus hungaricus Nopcsa 1902 [synonym]
†Zalmoxes shqiperorum Weishampel et al. 2003
Invalid names: Onychosaurus Nopcsa 1902 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| D. B. Weishampel et al. 2003 | A rhabdodontid ornithopod that differs from Rhabdodon in having an extensive, complex squamose suture between the quadratojugal and quadrate; a post-temporal foramen transmitted through the body of the squamosal; absence of the scar for m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis on the squamosal; a curved shelf (a muscle scar?) on the external surface of the postorbital; the anteromedial rim of the supratemporal fenestra formed by the postorbital; a frontal with a complex transverse sutural surface that extensively overlaps the parietal; a transverse frontal crest that may be sexually dimorphic; lateral splaying of the quadrates, giving the occiput a triangular aspect; a large, disc-shaped quadratojugal; a massive predentary with paired triangular ventral processes; a reduced external mandibular fenestra positioned along the upper anterior border of the surangular and overlapped by the dentary; a secondary surangular foramen; a surangular ‘spike’; a long, dorsoventrally-narrow, twisted preacetabular process and a narrow acetabular margin on the ilium; absence of a supra-acetabular rim; absence of an obturator process on the ischium; arched ischial shaft. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983 | |||||
Age range: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 72.10000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (46 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Campanian | Austria (Niederosterreich) | Iguanodon sp., Lacerta sp. (48720) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Romania (Sebeş) | Z. robustus (153482) | |
| Middle Campanian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Rhabdodon robustus (59269) | |
| Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Z. sp. (221774 221782) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Sebeş) | Z. sp. (156124 219190 219191) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania | Z. sp. (115004) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Camptosaurus inkeyi (59410) Mochlodon sp. (96689) Rhabdodon robustus, Z. shqiperorum (67817) Rhabdodon sp. (67811 153888 153889) Z. robustus, Z. shqiperorum (13334) Z. shqiperorum (115102) Z. sp. (10760 67818 97948 105174 163323 163326 163328 193946 219171 219173 221768 221780) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Alba) | Mochlodon sp. (96687) Z. shqiperorum, Z. robustus (80858) Z. sp. (80859 85496 93729 97813 219188) Z. sp., Ornithopoda indet. (153475) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Romania (Salaj) | Z. shqiperorum (115075) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Z. sp. (14454 193675 219186 221769) Z. sp., Z. shqiperorum (26369) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Romania (Alba) | Z. sp. (115000 115001 156125) |