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Paracyathus

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Caryophylliidae

Taxonomy
Paracyathus was named by Edwards and Haime (1848) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R Sepkoski's reference number: 86]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Paranacyathus by Okulitch (1950).

It was assigned to Cyathophyllidae by Vaughan (1904); to Caryophylliidae by Wells (1941) and Wells (1956); and to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1848Paracyathus Edwards and Haime
1904Paracyathus Vaughan p. 438
1941Paracyathus Wells p. 313
1956Paracyathus Wells
2002Paracyathus Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumCnidariaHatschek 1888
classAnthozoaEhrenberg 1834
Hexacorallia()
orderScleractiniaBourne 1900
RankNameAuthor
suborderCaryophylliina(Vaughan and Wells 1943)
superfamilyCaryophylliicaeGray 1847
familyCaryophylliidaeGray 1847
genusParacyathusEdwards and Haime 1848

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Paracyathus Edwards and Haime 1848
show all | hide all
Paracyathus adetos Cairns 1995
Paracyathus alternatus Vaughan 1900
Paracyathus altus Gregory 1930
Paracyathus bastropensis Vaughan and Popenoe 1935
Paracyathus bellus Vaughan 1900
Paracyathus crassus Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851
Paracyathus cylindricus Vaughan 1900
Paracyathus granulosus Vaughan 1900
Paracyathus henekeni Duncan 1863
Paracyathus incrustans Zuffardi-Comerci 1932
Paracyathus javana Umbgrove 1950
Paracyathus nannodes Felix 1921
Paracyathus pedroensis Vaughan 1903
Paracyathus peruvianus Vaughan 1922
Paracyathus procumbens Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
Paracyathus ravni Kühn 1930
Paracyathus rugosus Vaughan 1900
Paracyathus sinuosus Cairns and Wells 1987
Paracyathus stearnsii Verrill 1869
Paracyathus stokesii Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
Paracyathus tasmanicus Dennant 1899
Paracyathus taurinensis Chevalier 1961
Paracyathus turonensis Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
Paracyathus vaughani Weller 1907
Paracyathus vaughani Gane 1895
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
height226.113.9410.15.761.86

Composition: aragonitef
Grouping: solitaryf
Clonal: yesf
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesf
Life habit: epifaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: alternatingo
Asexual: yeso
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-29 09:27:07
Modified: 2004-02-29 11:27:07
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 72.10000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 70.6 Ma

Collections (93 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Sweden (Skane) P. sp. (123002)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) P. vaughani (123407)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Ukraine (Cherkaska) P. sp. (77069)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Egypt P. sp. (87218)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Austria (Niederösterreich) P. ravni (87002)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Texas) P. bastropensis (98701 122602 122612)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Austria (Salzburg) P. ravni (87003)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2USA (Texas) P. bastropensis (91775)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene66.0 - 58.7USA (Texas) P. bastropensis (86237)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene66.0 - 58.7United Kingdom (England) P. sp. (8083)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Alabama) P. cylindricus (87802)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Somalia P. altus (45854)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Saudi Arabia (Ash Sharqiyah) P. sp. (42459)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Texas) P. spp. (83950)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) P. caryophyllus (76601)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3United Kingdom (England) P. crassus (42664)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) P. sp. (3259)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Alabama) P. granulosus, P. rugosus (87834)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2USA (Louisiana) P. alternatus (87840 87841)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2Peru (Piura) P. peruvianus (86942 86943)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2Italy P. sp. (146598)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2USA (Mississippi) P. alternatus, P. bellus (87837)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2USA (Texas) P. alternatus (88089)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Mississippi) P. sp. (2414)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) P. sp. (2411)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) P. crassus (42644)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) P. bellus (2422)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Mississippi) P. alternatus (2437 98472 99755) P. alternatus, P. bellus (90708 98468 98469 100141 101187 101188) P. bellus (2435 2436 2438 90642 92174 99674 100142)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Louisiana) P. bellus (98942)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Washington) P. sp. B (91606)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Ukraine P. crassus (77068)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Ukraine (Dnipropetrovska Oblast) P. procumbens (86750)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Myanmar P. caeruleus (76592)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (Washington) P. sp. A (91614 91615)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Mexico (Chiapas) P. sp. (85801)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Australia (Tasmania) P. tasmanicus (122345)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Dominican Republic P. henekeni (93657)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Italy P. cristatus, P. turonensis, P. incrustans, P. taurinensis (70450)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82France P. pedemontanus, P. turonensis (70312)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Poland P. cupula, P. sp. (38818)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62France P. turonensis, P. incrustans (163846)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Dominican Republic P. henekeni (124722)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Indonesia P. procumbens (71058)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608France P. turonensis (70510 70511)
Serravallian - Langhian13.82 - 13.82France P. pedemontanus, P. turonensis (163845)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Czech Republic P. sp. (88803)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Morocco P. pedemontanus, P. turonensis (161391)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy P. turonensis (70491 70496)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246France P. sp. (161593 161607)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Indonesia P. nannodes (108814 109008)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Dominican Republic P. sinuosus (93656)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Mexico (Baja California) P. stearnsii (154115)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (South Carolina) P. vaughani (60940)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (South Carolina) P. vaughani (92412)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) P. vaughani (123549 179591)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Panama (Bocas del Toro) P. adetos (61339 61340 91902 91910) P. henekeni (79998)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (California) P. stearnsii (122752)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Panama (Bocas) P. adetos (61341) P. henekeni (79983)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Dominican Republic P. sinuosus (93612)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Indonesia P. sp., P. nannodes, P. stokesii, P. javana (42739)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Italy P. incrustans (71473)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (California) P. pedroensis (122755 222660)