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Scutellosaurus lawleri
Taxonomy
Scutellosaurus lawleri was named by Colbert (1981). Its type specimen is MNA P1.175 (= MNA.V.175), a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is West Moenkopi Plateau (MNA 219), which is in a Sinemurian/Pliensbachian wet floodplain siltstone/sandstone in the Kayenta Formation of Arizona.
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1981 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Colbert |
| 1983 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Galton p. 14 |
| 1983 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44 |
| 1991 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Sereno p. 176 |
| 1994 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Chure et al. p. 306 |
| 1997 | Scutellosaurus laweri Vickaryous and Ryan p. 490 |
| 2004 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Norman et al. p. 337 |
| 2007 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Butler et al. p. S13 |
| 2008 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Butler et al. p. 11 |
| 2008 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Irmis and Knoll p. 121 |
| 2009 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Butler and Sullivan p. 27 |
| 2009 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Butler and Zhao p. 68 |
| 2010 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Langer et al. p. 86 |
| 2012 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14 |
| 2013 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Kirkland et al. p. 5 |
| 2014 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Ulansky p. 4 |
| 2019 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Galton p. 211 fig. 4 |
| 2019 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Ibiricu et al. p. 280 |
| 2019 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Veiga et al. p. 13 |
| 2020 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Breeden and Rowe pp. 3, 26 |
| 2020 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Desojo et al. p. 27 |
| 2020 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Moro et al. |
| 2021 | Scutellosaurus lawleri Breeden et al. p. 7 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Scutellosaurus lawleri Colbert 1981
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. J. Butler et al. 2008 | Dorsal and ventral margins of the preacetabular process of the ilium are drawn out medially into distinct flanges which converge upon one another anteriorly; elongate tail of at least 58 caudal vertebrae.
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| B. T. Breeden and T. B. Rowe 2020 | The original diagnosis of Scutellosaurus lawleri Colbert, 1981 was formulated under a pre-cladistic world view, and many of the reportedly diagnostic features are now understood to represent character states that are plesiomorphic with respect to other dinosaurian taxa. The relatively long tail of Scutellosaurus lawleri was recognized by Colbert (1981) as diagnostic, and this feature was later quantified in an apomorphy-based context by Butler et al. (2008), who specified an elongate tail comprising at least 59 caudal vertebrae (Character 143, State 1). Butler et al. (2008) also identified a preacetabular process of the ilium in which the dorsal and ventral margins are drawn into medial flanges that converge upon one another anteriorly as the process tapers to a point as autapomorphic. New autapomorphies of Scutellosaurus lawleri recovered by our analysis include narrow and elongate frontals in which the length is greater than twice the width (Character 64, State 1), neural spines of the proximal caudal vertebrae that are greater than 50% taller than the centra (Character 142, State 1), a humerus that is substantially longer than the scapula (Character 149, State 1), and a relatively short and broad scapula (Character 150, State 1). Our analysis also recovered six premaxillary teeth (Character 112, State 0), a reversal, as apomorphic of Scutellosaurus lawleri; however, Lesothosaurus diagnosticus also has six premaxillary teeth, and although phylogenetically labile, its hypothetical positions are generally consistent with the presence of six premaxillary teeth as either a synapomorphy of Genasauria (i.e.,Neornithischia + Thyreophora); or ancestral to Ornithischia. The silesaurid dinosauriform Silesaurus opolensis and basally branching theropod and sauropodomorph dinosaurs possess four premaxillary teeth (e.g., Dzik, 2003; Galton and Upchurch, 2004; Langer, 2004; Tykoski and Rowe, 2004), whereas heterodontosaurid ornithischians invariably possess three premaxillary teeth (Norman et al., 2011), and the non-genasaurian ornithischian Eocursor parvus does not preserve a premaxilla and cannot be evaluated for this character (Butler, 2010). | |
| B. T. Breeden et al. 2021 | Scutellosaurus lawleri differs from all other ornithischians by the possession of the following autapomorphies: frontals are exceedingly narrow, maximum anteroposterior length more than 350% of minimum interorbital width; facets for atlantal neural arch extend onto the lateral surface of odontoid process; cervical vertebrae with very prominent and rugose ventral keels; preacetabular process of ilium is narrow dorsoventrally relative to length, dorsal and ventral surfaces are drawn out medially into distinct flanges (modified from [1,20]). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995 | |||||
Age range: Sinemurian or 199.30000 to 190.80000 Ma
Collections (17 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Arizona) | Scutellosaurus lawleri (214349 216632 216633 216634 216635) | |
| Sinemurian - Pliensbachian | USA (Arizona) | Ornithischia indet. (51898) Scutellosaurus lawleri (type locality: 13279 13280 27716 51894 216636 216637 216638 216641 216643 216645 221674) |