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Bilateria
Taxonomy
Bilateria is an unranked clade.
It was synonymized subjectively with Triploblastica by Zrzavy et al. (1998).
It was assigned to Metazoa by Edgecombe et al. (2011); to Triploblastica by Nielsen (2012); and to Animalia by Ruggiero et al. (2015).
It was synonymized subjectively with Triploblastica by Zrzavy et al. (1998).
It was assigned to Metazoa by Edgecombe et al. (2011); to Triploblastica by Nielsen (2012); and to Animalia by Ruggiero et al. (2015).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2011 | Bilateria Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1 |
| 2012 | Bilateria Nielsen p. 62 figs. Fig. 4.2 |
| 2015 | Bilateria Ruggiero et al. p. 40 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Bilateria
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Unr. †Dickinsoniomorpha Erwin et al. 2011
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G. †Dickinsonia Sprigg 1947
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†Dickinsonia brachina Wade 1972
†Dickinsonia costata Sprigg 1947
†Dickinsonia elongata Glaessner and Wade 1966
†Dickinsonia lissa Wade 1972
†Dickinsonia minima Sprigg 1949
†Dickinsonia rex Jenkins 1992
†Dickinsonia spriggi Harrington and Moore 1955
†Dickinsonia tenuis Glaessner and Wade 1966
Unr. Eubilateria Ax 1987
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Unr. Deuterostomia Grobben 1908
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Unr. †Ambulacraria
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Unr. †Cambroernids Caron et al. 2010
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G. †Cheungkongella Shu et al. 2001
Fm. †Eldoniidae Walcott 1911
G. †Herpetogaster Caron et al. 2010
Ph. Echinodermata Klein 1754
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G. †Argonevis Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Aspidocrinites Kozur and Mostler 1992
Subph. †Blastozoa Sprinkle 1973
Cl. †Camptostromoidea
Cl. †Cincta Jaekel 1918
G. †Corneotuba Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. †Cornuvacites Kozur and Mostler 1972
Cl. †Ctenocystoidea Robison and Sprinkle 1969
G. †Ctenoimbricata Zamora et al. 2012
Cl. †Cyclocystoidea Miller and Gurley 1895
Cl. †Edrioasteroidea Billings 1858
Subph. Eleutherozoa Bell 1891
G. †Erinea Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Fanerocoelia Kozur and Mostler 1972
Fm. †Helicocystitidae Smith and Zamora 2013
Cl. †Helicoplacoidea Durham and Caster 1963
Cl. Holothuroidea de Blainville 1834 [sea cucumber]
Subph. †Homalozoa Whitehouse 1941
G. †Iheringiana Berg 1898
G. †Limolepis Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Nemotapis Kozur and Mostler 1972
Fm. †Pediculacaudinidae Kozur and Mostler 1989
Subph. †Pelmatozoa Leuckart 1848
G. †Radimonis Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Scoteinocystis Ubaghs 1999
Cl. †Stylophora Gill and Caster 1960
Fm. †Tubocaudinidae Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Venerella Kozur and Mostler 1972
Invalid names: Carpoidea Jaekel 1900 [empty], Crinozoa Matsumoto 1929 [empty], Paracrinozoa Parsley and Mintz 1975 [empty], Scutellidae Angas 1871 [empty], Scutellinidae Dall 1889 [empty]
Ph. Hemichordata Bateson 1885 [acorn worm]
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Cl. Enteropneusta
Cl. Pterobranchia Lankester 1877 [pterobranch]
Ph. Chordata Haeckel 1874
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Subph. Cephalochordata Haeckel 1866 [lancelet]
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Or. Amphioxiformes
G. †Cathaymyrus Shu et al. 1996
Cl. Leptocardii Müller 1845
G. †Yunnanozoon
Subph. †Conodontophorida Eichenberg 1930
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G. †Algherella
G. †Alternognathus
G. †Amydrotaxis
G. †Angulodus
G. †Axiothea
G. †Caenodontus
Cl. †Conodonta [conodont]
G. †Declinognathodus Dunn 1966
G. †Dentacodina
G. †Dichodella
Superfm. †Distacodontacea Bassler 1925
G. †Elsonella
G. †Embaysgnathus
G. †Eocarniodus Orchard 1980
G. †Evencodus
G. †Exochognathus Pollock et al. 1970
G. †Fungulodus
G. †Geniculatus
Superfm. †Hibbardellacea Mueller 1956
G. †Hindeodelloides
G. †Hindeodina
G. †Homoiranognathus
G. †Huddlella
G. †Istorinus Knüpfer 1967
G. †Laterignathus
G. †Leutorhinion
Fm. †Mestognathidae Austin and Rhodes 1981
G. †Mitrellotaxis
G. †Neocavitella
G. †Norigondolella
G. †Oligodus
G. †Ozarcodina Walliser
Superfm. †Panderodontacea Lindstrom 1970
G. †Paraprionodus Ethington and Clark 1982
G. †Pavlovites
G. †Playfordia Glenister and Klapper 1966
G. †Polygnathellus Branson and Mehl 1933
G. †Prattognathus
G. †Pravognathus
G. †Ptilognathus
G. †Rhodalepus
G. †Roundya
G. †Schopfodus
G. †Sibiriodus
G. †Steptotaxis
G. †Subbryantodus
G. †Tuxekania
G. †Volgelgnathus Norby and Rexroad 1985
G. †Windsorgnathus
G. †Zieglericonus
Invalid names: Chirognathacea Branson and Mehl 1944 [empty], Fryxellodontacea Miller 1981 [empty], Proconodontacea Miller 1981 [empty]
Subph. Craniata Linnaeus 1758
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Or. †Myllokunmingiiformes
Unr. Myxinomorphi
Supercl. †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich 1909 [jawless fish]
Supercl. †Thelodontida
Invalid names: Coluber arcuatus von Meyer 1845 [nomen dubium], Conodontomorpha [empty]
G. †Pikaia
G. †Undichna Anderson 1976
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†Undichna brittanica Higgs 1988
†Undichna unisulca de Gibert et al. 1999
Subph. Urochordata Lankester 1877
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G. †Catellocaula Palmer and Wilson 1988
G. †Shankouclava Chen et al. 2003
Invalid names: Appendicularia [empty], Tunicata Lamarck 1816 [synonym]
Subph. Vertebrata Lamarck 1801 [vertebrate]
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Cl. Agnatha Cope 1889 [jawless fish]
G. †Ammopus Lull 1915
Supercl. †Anaspidomorphi
G. †Anatolepis Brockelie and Fortey 1976
G. †Apedolepis Young 1997
G. †Artenolepis Janvier 1974
G. †Auchenaspis Egerton 1857
Subph. Craniota
Unr. †Cyclostomi Duméril 1806
G. †Eosaurus Marsh 1862
Cl. †Galeaspida Liu 1965
Supercl. Gnathostomata Gegenbauer 1874 [jawed fish]
G. †Hoplichnus Hitchcock 1848
G. Hypichthyes Huxley 1880
G. †Lepidotosaurus Hancock and Howse 1870
Subph. Pachycardia Haeckel 1866
G. †Palaeoxyris Brongniart 1828
Supercl. †Thelodontomorphi Jackel 1911
G. †Toxichnus Hitchcock 1865
G. †Zamponiopteron Janvier and Riglos 1986
Invalid names: Acrania Haeckel [empty], Cephalaspidomorpha [empty], Eotetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Herpetichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Mannodon Ameghino 1893 [nomen vanum], Myzichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Osteostracomorphii [empty], Ostracophori [empty], Petromyzontomorphi [empty], Pituriaspida Young 1991 [empty], Protetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Saurornia Seeley 1866 [empty], Tidaeus Ameghino 1890 [nomen vanum]
Invalid names: Olfactores Jefferies 1991 [empty]
Unr. †Saccorhytida Han et al. 2017
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Ph. †Vetulicolia Shu 2001
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Cl. †Vetulicolida Chen and Zhou 1997
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G. †Nesonektris García-Bellido et al. 2014
G. †Skeemella Briggs et al. 2005
Or. †Vetulicolata Hou and Berstrom 1997
Fm. †Vetulicolidae Hou 1999
Invalid names: Neorenalia [synonym], Xenacoelomorpha Philippe et al. 2011 [empty]
Unr. Protostomia Grobben 1908
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Unr. †Ecdysozoa
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Unr. †Panarthropoda
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Ph. Arthropoda Latreille 1829 [arthropod]
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Invalid names: Euarthropoda [synonym], Schizoramia Bergström 1976 [synonym]
Or. †Luolishaniida Hou and Bergström 1995
G. †Onychodictyon
Ph. Onychophora Grube 1853 [velvet worm]
Fm. †Opabiniidae Walcott 1912
Ph. Tardigrada Doyère 1840 [water bear]
Cl. †Xenusia Dzik and Krumbiegel 1989
Invalid names: Lobopodia [invalid subgroup]
Unr. †Scalidophora
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Ph. Chaetognatha Leuckart 1854 [arrow worm]
G. †Eokinorhynchus Zhang et al. 2015
G. †Eolympia Han et al. 2010
G. †Eopriapulites Liu et al. 2014
Unr. †Loricifera
Invalid names: Kinorhyncha [empty]
Invalid names: Nematozoa Zrzavy et al. 1998 [empty]
Unr. Spiralia
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Unr. Gnathifera
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G. †Amiskwia
Ph. Rotifera
Invalid names: Gnathostomulida [empty], Micrognathozoa Kristensen and Funch 2004 [empty]
Unr. Lophotrochozoa
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Ph. Annelida Lamarck 1809 [worm]
Unr. †Lophophorata
Ph. Mollusca Linnaeus 1758 [mollusk]
G. †Namacalathus Grotzinger et al. 2000
Invalid names: Brachiozoa Cavalier-Smith 1998 [empty]
G. †Siphusauctum O’Brien and Caron 2012
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†Siphusauctum gregarium O’Brien and Caron 2012
†Siphusauctum lloydguntheri Kimmig et al. 2017
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available