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| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Confuciusornithidae
Taxonomy
Confuciusornithidae was named by Hou et al. (1995). It is not extant. Its type is Confuciusornis. It was considered monophyletic by Ji et al. (1999) and Chiappe (2002).
It was assigned to Metornithes by Ji et al. (1999); to Ornithurae by Sereno (1999); to Avialae by Padian (2004); to Aves by Wang et al. (2014); to Pygostylia by Chiappe (2002), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014) and Wang and Zhou (2018); and to Confuciusornithiformes by Hou (1997), Hou et al. (1999), Livezey and Zusi (2007), Zhang et al. (2008), Zhang et al. (2009) and Wang et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Metornithes by Ji et al. (1999); to Ornithurae by Sereno (1999); to Avialae by Padian (2004); to Aves by Wang et al. (2014); to Pygostylia by Chiappe (2002), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014) and Wang and Zhou (2018); and to Confuciusornithiformes by Hou (1997), Hou et al. (1999), Livezey and Zusi (2007), Zhang et al. (2008), Zhang et al. (2009) and Wang et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1995 | Confuciusornithidae Hou et al. |
| 1997 | Confuciusornithidae Hou |
| 1997 | Confuciusornis chuonzhous Hou p. 33 |
| 1999 | Confuciusornithidae Hou et al. p. 679 |
| 1999 | Confuciusornithidae Ji et al. p. 5 |
| 1999 | Confuciusornithidae Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2 |
| 1999 | Confuciusornis chuonzhous Wang et al. p. 2 |
| 1999 | Confuciusornis chuaozhous Wang et al. p. 459 |
| 2002 | Confuciusornithidae Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1 |
| 2004 | Confuciusornithidae Padian p. 211 |
| 2007 | Confuciusornithidae Livezey and Zusi p. 89 |
| 2008 | Confuciusornithidae Zhang et al. p. 626 |
| 2009 | Confuciusornithidae Zhang et al. p. 784 |
| 2014 | Confuciusornithidae Wang et al. |
| 2014 | Confuciusornithidae Wang et al. |
| 2014 | Confuciusornithidae Zhang et al. |
| 2018 | Confuciusornithidae Wang and Zhou |
| 2019 | Confuciusornithidae Wang et al. p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Confuciusornithidae Hou et al. 1995
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G. †Confuciusornis Hou et al. 1995
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†Confuciusornis chuongzhous Hou 1997
†Confuciusornis dui Hou et al. 1999
†Confuciusornis sanctus Hou et al. 1995
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Invalid names: Confuciusornis feducciai Zhang et al. 2009 [synonym], Confuciusornis jianchangensis Li et al. 2010 [synonym], Confuciusornis suniae Hou 1997 [synonym], Jinzhouornis yixianensis Hou et al. 2002 [synonym], Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia Hou et al. 2002 [synonym]
Invalid names: Jinzhouornis Hou et al. 2002 [synonym]
Invalid names: Confuciusornis chuonzhous Hou 1997 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. Wang et al. 2019 | Upper and lower jaws edentulous and beaked; mandible with large rostral
and small caudal fenestrae that are visible laterally; boomerang-shaped furcula without a hypocleidium; coracoid and scapula fused into a scapulocoracoid; humeral deltopectoral crest triangular with sharp caudodorsal corner; claw of major digit significantly reduced; and claw of hallux smaller than those of other pedal digits. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range: base of the Barremian to the top of the Early/Lower Aptian or 129.40000 to 122.46000 Ma
Collections (22 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hauterivian - Barremian | China (Hebei) | Eoconfuciusornis zhengi (85261) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | China (Nei Mongol) | Confuciusornis sp. (103654) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Changchengornis hengdaoziensis (79657) Confuciusornis chuonzhous (94819) Confuciusornis dui (24899) Confuciusornis feducciai (92626) Confuciusornis sanctus (85298 224635) Confuciusornis sp. (50467 50468 50469 52888) Confuciusornis sp., Confuciusornis sanctus, Confuciusornis suniae (50470) Jinzhouornis yixianensis (156032) Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia (79522) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Hebei) | Jibeinia luanhera (116134) | |
| Barremian | China (Hebei) | Jibeinia luanhera (156414) | |
| Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Confuciusornis jianchangensis (98449) Confuciusornis sp. (55536 79518 79941) Yangavis confucii (135798) |