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Kinosternoidea (mud turtle)
Taxonomy
Kinosternoidea was named by Hay (1892). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Joyce (2007) and Danilov and Parham (2008).
It was reranked as the superfamily Kinosternidae by Baur (1893), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Weems and George (2001), Cadena et al. (2012), Bourque (2013), Hutchison et al. (2013), Brinkman et al. (2016) and Cadena et al. (2017); it was reranked as the family Cinosternidae by Jaekel (1911) and Perrier (1928); it was reranked as the unranked clade Kinosternoidea by Joyce et al. (2004), Joyce (2007), Danilov and Parham (2008), Knauss et al. (2011), Sullivan et al. (2012), Bourque et al. (2015) and Joyce and Bourque (2016); it was misspelled as Cinosternidae by Gadow (1898), Kuhn (1946) and van Dijk et al. (2014); it was reranked as the family Kinosternoidea by Carrano (2023).
It was assigned to Chelydroidea by Baur (1893); to Cryptodiri by Jaekel (1911) and Perrier (1928); to Testudines by Shoshani et al. (1989); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Chelydroidea by Knauss et al. (2011); to Cryptodira by Cadena et al. (2012); to Eucryptodira by Sullivan et al. (2012) and Hutchison et al. (2013); to Trionychoidea by Carroll (1988), de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Joyce et al. (2004), Joyce (2007) and Bourque et al. (2015); to Pankinosternoidea by Joyce and Bourque (2016); to Cryptodira by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Gadow (1898), Kuhn (1946), Weems and George (2001), Bourque (2013), van Dijk et al. (2014), Brinkman et al. (2016) and Cadena et al. (2017); and to Trionychoidea by Carrano (2023).
It was reranked as the superfamily Kinosternidae by Baur (1893), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Weems and George (2001), Cadena et al. (2012), Bourque (2013), Hutchison et al. (2013), Brinkman et al. (2016) and Cadena et al. (2017); it was reranked as the family Cinosternidae by Jaekel (1911) and Perrier (1928); it was reranked as the unranked clade Kinosternoidea by Joyce et al. (2004), Joyce (2007), Danilov and Parham (2008), Knauss et al. (2011), Sullivan et al. (2012), Bourque et al. (2015) and Joyce and Bourque (2016); it was misspelled as Cinosternidae by Gadow (1898), Kuhn (1946) and van Dijk et al. (2014); it was reranked as the family Kinosternoidea by Carrano (2023).
It was assigned to Chelydroidea by Baur (1893); to Cryptodiri by Jaekel (1911) and Perrier (1928); to Testudines by Shoshani et al. (1989); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Chelydroidea by Knauss et al. (2011); to Cryptodira by Cadena et al. (2012); to Eucryptodira by Sullivan et al. (2012) and Hutchison et al. (2013); to Trionychoidea by Carroll (1988), de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Joyce et al. (2004), Joyce (2007) and Bourque et al. (2015); to Pankinosternoidea by Joyce and Bourque (2016); to Cryptodira by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Gadow (1898), Kuhn (1946), Weems and George (2001), Bourque (2013), van Dijk et al. (2014), Brinkman et al. (2016) and Cadena et al. (2017); and to Trionychoidea by Carrano (2023).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1871 | Cinosternidae Cope p. 235 |
1875 | Cinosternidae Cope p. 16 |
1892 | Kinosternoidea Hay |
1893 | Kinosternidae Baur p. 674 |
1898 | Cinosternidae Gadow p. 20 |
1911 | Cinosternidae Jaekel p. 186 |
1928 | Cinosternidae Perrier p. 3112 |
1946 | Cinosternidae Kuhn p. 58 |
1988 | Kinosternidae Carroll |
1989 | Kinosternidae Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
1993 | Kinosternidae de Broin and de la Fuente p. 9 |
2001 | Kinosternidae Weems and George p. 572 |
2004 | Kinosternidae Joyce et al. |
2004 | Kinosternoidea Joyce et al. |
2007 | Kinosternoidea Joyce |
2008 | Kinosternoidea Danilov and Parham |
2011 | Kinosternoidea Knauss et al. |
2012 | Kinosternidae Cadena et al. p. 545 |
2012 | Kinosternoidea Sullivan et al. p. 343 |
2013 | Kinosternidae Bourque |
2013 | Kinosternidae Hutchison et al. |
2014 | Kinosternoidea van Dijk et al. |
2015 | Kinosternoidea Bourque et al. |
2016 | Kinosternidae Brinkman et al. |
2016 | Kinosternoidea Joyce and Bourque |
2017 | Kinosternidae Cadena et al. |
2023 | Kinosternoidea Carrano |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 [mud turtle]
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G. Aromochelys Gray
G. Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
Fm. Kinosternidae Hay 1892
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G. †Baltemys Hutchison 1991
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†Baltemys staurogastros Hutchison 1991
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Invalid names: Baltemys velogastros Lichtig and Lucas 2015 [synonym]
Unr. Kinosterninae Baur 1893
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G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
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†Sternotherus bonevalleyensis Bourque and Schubert 2015
Sternotherus carinatus Gray 1856 [Razor-backed musk turtle]
Sternotherus depressus Tinkle and Webb 1955 [Flattened musk turtle]
Sternotherus minor Agassiz 1857 [Loggerhead musk turtle]
Sternotherus odoratus Latreille 1801 [Common musk turtle]
†Sternotherus palaeodorus Bourque and Schubert 2015
G. Kinosternon von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
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Kinosternon abaxillare Baur 1925 [Central Chiapas mud turtle]
Kinosternon acutum Gray 1831 [Tabasco mud turtle]
Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler 1980 [Alamos mud turtle]
Kinosternon angustipons Legler 1965 [Narrow-bridged mud turtle]
†Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore 1922 [Arizona mud turtle]
Kinosternon baurii Garman 1891 [Striped mud turtle]
Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry et al. 1996 [Jalisco mud turtle]
Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg 1934 [Creaser's mud turtle]
Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947 [Dunn's mud turtle]
Kinosternon durangoense Iverson 1979 [Durango mud turtle]
Kinosternon flavescens Agassiz 1857 [Yellow mud turtle]
Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger 1925 [Herrera's mud turtle]
Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1830 [Rough-footed mud turtle]
Kinosternon integrum Le Conte 1854 [Mexican mud turtle]
Kinosternon leucostomum Dumeril 1851 [White-lipped mud turtle]
†Kinosternon notolophus Bourque 2015
Kinosternon oaxacae van Dijk et al. 2014 [Oaxaca mud turtle]
†Kinosternon pannekollops Bourque 2015
†Kinosternon pojoaque Bourque 2012
†Kinosternon rincon Bourque 2015
Kinosternon scorpioides Linneaus 1766 [Scorpion mud turtle]
†Kinosternon skullridgescens Bourque 2012
Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte 1864 [Sonora mud turtle]
Kinosternon subrubrum Bonnaterre 1788 [Eastern mud turtle]
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis Gray 1856 [Mississippi mud turtle]
†Kinosternon wakeeniense Bourque 2015
Invalid names: Platythyra Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
Subfm. Staurotypinae Gray 1869
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G. Claudius Cope 1865 [narrow-bridged musk turtle]
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Claudius angustatus Cope 1865 [narrow-bridged musk turtle]
G. Staurotypus Wagler 1830 [Mexican musk turtle]
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†Staurotypus moschus Cadena et al. 2012
Staurotypus salvini Gray 1864 [Chiapas giant musk turtle]
Staurotypus triporcatus Wiegmann 1828 [Mexican giant musk turtle]
G. †Xenochelys Hay 1906
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†Xenochelys bridgerensis Hutchison 1991
†Xenochelys floridensis Bourque 2013
†Xenochelys formosa Hay 1906
†Xenochelys lostcabinensis Hutchison 1991
Unr. †Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004
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G. †Agomphus Cope 1871
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†Agomphus alabamensis Gilmore 1919
†Agomphus oxysternum Cope 1877
†Agomphus pectoralis Cope 1870
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Invalid names: Adocus petrosus Cope 1868 [synonym], Agomphus masculinus Wieland 1905 [synonym], Agomphus tardus Wieland 1905 [synonym], Emys turgidus Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphiemys Cope 1877 [synonym]
G. †Baptemys Leidy 1870
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†Baptemys garmanii Cope 1872
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Invalid names: Baptemys tricarinata Hay 1908 [synonym], Dermatemys costilata Cope 1875 [synonym]
†Baptemys nanus Bourque et al. 2015
Invalid names: Gomphochelys Bourque et al. 2015 [synonym], Notomorpha Cope 1872 [synonym], Notomorpha gravis Cope 1872 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Dermatemydidae Baur 1888
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G. Dermatemys Gray 1847 [Central American river turtle]
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Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847 [Central American river turtle]
G. †Kallistira Hay 1908
Invalid names: Lindholmemydinae [empty]
G. †Hoplochelys Hay 1908
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†Hoplochelys clark Knauss et al. 2011
†Hoplochelys crassa Cope 1888
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Invalid names: Hoplochelys bicarinata Hay 1910 [synonym], Hoplochelys elongata Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Hoplochelys laqueata Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Hoplochelys paludosa Hay 1908 [synonym], Hoplochelys saliens Hay 1908 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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E. Perrier 1928 | Queue courte; tête complètement rétractile, recouverte par une peau indivise; carapace recouverte par des boucliers cornés lisses, les plaques osseuses neurales formant une série continue; plaques cornées du plastron séparées des marginales par des inframarginales. Plastron réduit à 8 os (pas d'entoplastron). Doigts distincts, fortement palmés, portant chacun un ongle, sauf le doigt externe de la patte postérieure. Symphyses pubienne et ischiatique se rejoignant; bassin présentant deux perforations latérales séparées. Régime des Tortues de la famille précédente. |