PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Bothremydidae

Reptilia - Testudines

Taxonomy

Bothremydidae was named by Baur (1891). Its type is Bothremys. It was considered monophyletic by Pérez-García (2017).

It was synonymized subjectively with Pelomedusidae by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the unranked clade Bothremydidae by Adrian et al. (2021) and Joyce et al. (2021).

It was assigned to Pleurodira by Hay (1908); to Chelydoidae by Hay (1930); to Pleurodira by Kuhn (1946) and Kuhn (1966); to Bothremydinura by Gaffney et al. (2006); to Pleurodira by Sullivan et al. (2012); to Podocnemidoidea by Pérez-García and Ortega (2018); to Pelomedusoides by Tong and Gaffney (2000), Pérez-García et al. (2013), de Araujo Carvalho et al. (2016), Pérez-Garcia (2020), Adrian et al. (2021), Joyce et al. (2021) and Maniel et al. (2021); to Pelomedusoides by Joyce et al. (2004), Pérez-García (2017), Joyce and Bandyopadhyay (2020), Pérez-García (2020) and López-Conde et al. (2021); and to Pleurodira by Gaffney et al. (2009) and Noto et al. (2022).

Synonyms

Podocnemis somaliensis was named by Walker (1966). Its type specimen is Sedgwick Museum C 54.276, a shell (almost complete carapace and plastron), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Biyo Gora, which is in a Lutetian marine horizon in Somalia.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Bothremydidae by Gaffney et al. (2006).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1891	Bothremydidae Baur
1908	Bothremydidae Hay p. 102
1930	Bothremydidae Hay p. 74
1946	Bothremydidae Kuhn p. 58
1966	Bothremydidae Kuhn p. 31
1966	Podocnemis somaliensis Walker p. 511
2000	Bothremydidae Tong and Gaffney p. 10
2004	Bothremydidae Joyce et al.
2006	Bothremydidae Gaffney et al. p. 45
2009	Bothremydidae Gaffney et al. p. 2
2012	Bothremydidae Sullivan et al.
2013	Bothremydidae Pérez-García et al.
2016	Bothremydidae de Araujo Carvalho et al.
2017	Bothremydidae Pérez-García p. 2
2018	Bothremydidae Pérez-García and Ortega
2020	Bothremydidae Joyce and Bandyopadhyay
2020	Bothremydidae Pérez-Garcia
2020	Bothremydidae Pérez-García
2021	Bothremydidae Adrian et al.
2021	Bothremydidae Joyce et al.
2021	Bothremydidae López-Conde et al.
2021	Bothremydidae Maniel et al.
2022	Bothremydidae Noto et al. p. 3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
—	Testudinata	(Oppel 1811)
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Pleurodira
superfamily	Pelomedusoides	Broin 1988
—	Bothremydidae	(Baur 1891)
—	Bothremydidae	(Baur 1891)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Bothremydidae Baur 1891

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G. †Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998

†Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998

G. †Atolchelys Romano et al. 2014

†Atolchelys lepida Romano et al. 2014

G. †Azabbaremys Gaffney et al. 2001

†Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al. 2001

Subfm. †Bothremydinae Gaffney 1975

G. †Paiutemys Joyce et al. 2016

Invalid names: Cearachelyodda Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]

Tr. †Bothremydini Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Algorachelus Pérez-García 2017

†Algorachelus parvus Haas 1978

Invalid names: Podocnemis judaea Haas 1978 [synonym]

†Algorachelus peregrinus Pérez-García 2017

†Algorachelus tibert Joyce et al. 2016

Subtr. †Bothremydina Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Akoranemys Pérez-Garcia 2020

†Akoranemys madagasika Pérez-Garcia 2020

G. †Araiochelys Gaffney et al. 2006

†Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Bothremys Leidy 1865

†Bothremys arabicus Zalmout et al. 2005

†Bothremys cooki Leidy 1865

†Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al. 2006

†Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al. 2006

Invalid names: Karkaemys Zalmout et al. 2005 [synonym]

G. †Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998

†Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998

Subtr. †Foxemydina Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Foxemys Tong et al. 1998

†Foxemys mechinorum Tong et al. 1998

†Foxemys trabanti Rabi et al. 2012

G. †Iberoccitanemys Pérez-García et al. 2012

†Iberoccitanemys atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996

Invalid names: Elochelys convenarum Laurent et al. 2002 [synonym]

G. †Polysternon Portis 1882

†Polysternon provinciale Matheron 1869

Invalid names: Elochelys major Nopsca 1931 [synonym]

G. †Tartaruscola Pérez-García 2016

†Tartaruscola teodorii Pérez-García 2016

Invalid names: Polysternon isonae Marmi et al. 2012 [nomen dubium]

G. †Khargachelys AbdelGawad et al. 2023

†Khargachelys caironensis AbdelGawad et al. 2023

G. †Palauchelys López-Conde et al. 2021

†Palauchelys montellanoi López-Conde et al. 2021

G. †Puentemys Cadena et al. 2012

†Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al. 2012

Unr. †Bothremydodda Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Abalakemys Pérez-García 2023

†Abalakemys chapmanae Pérez-García 2023

G. †Carteremys Williams 1953

†Carteremys leithii Carter 1852

Tr. †Cearachelyini Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Elkanemys Maniel et al. 2021

†Elkanemys pritchardi Maniel et al. 2021

G. †Galianemys Gaffney et al. 2002

†Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al. 2002

†Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al. 2002

G. †Cearachelys Gaffney et al. 2001

†Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al. 2001

G. †Chedighaii Gaffney et al. 2006

†Chedighaii barberi Schmidt 1940

Invalid names: Podocnemis alabamae Zangerl 1948 [synonym]

†Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Elochelys Nopsca 1931

†Elochelys perfecta Nopsca 1931

G. †Inaechelys de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016

Tr. †Kurmademydini Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Jainemys Joyce and Bandyopadhyay 2020

†Jainemys pisdurensis Jain 1977

G. †Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al. 2009

†Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al. 2009

G. †Kurmademys Gaffney et al. 2001

†Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al. 2001

G. †Labrostochelys Gaffney et al. 2006

†Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Nigeremys Broin 1977

†Nigeremys gigantea Bergounoux and Crouzel 1968

Invalid names: Potamochelys Fitzinger 1843 [synonym]

G. †Palemys Gray 1870

†Palemys bowerbankii Owen 1842

Invalid names: Dacochelys delabechei Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys conybearii Owen 1858 [synonym], Emys delabechii Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys laevis Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]

Invalid names: Dacochelys Lydekker 1889 [synonym]

G. †Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong 2003

†Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong 2003

G. †Pleurochayah Adrian et al. 2021

†Pleurochayah appalachius Adrian et al. 2021

G. †Rhothonemys Gaffney et al. 2006

†Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Rosasia Costa 1940

†Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa 1940

Invalid names: Inaechelys pernambucensis de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016 [nomen dubium]

G. †Sankuchemys Gaffney et al. 2003

†Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al. 2003

G. †Sindhochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021

†Sindhochelys ragei de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021

Tr. †Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Chupacabrachelys Lehman and Wick 2010

†Chupacabrachelys complexus Lehman and Wick 2010

G. †Ilatardia Pérez-García 2019

†Ilatardia cetiotesta Pérez-García 2019

Subtr. †Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al. 2006

G. †Acleistochelys Gaffney et al. 2007

†Acleistochelys maliensis Gaffney et al. 2007

G. †Eotaphrosphys Pérez-García 2018

†Eotaphrosphys ambiguum Gaudry 1890

G. †Motelomama Pérez-García 2018

†Motelomama olssoni Schmidt 1931

Invalid names: Crassachelys Moody 1972 [nomen dubium], Eusarkia Bergounioux 1952 [nomen dubium], Gafsachelys Stefano 1903 [nomen dubium], Nigeremydina Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]

G. †Taphrosphys Cope 1869

†Taphrosphys congolensis Dollo 1912

†Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al. 2006

†Taphrosphys nodosus Cope 1870

†Taphrosphys strenuus Cope 1870

Invalid names: Prochonias princeps Cope 1869 [synonym]

†Taphrosphys sulcatus Leidy 1856

Invalid names: Amblypeza antellius Hay 1908 [synonym], Prochonias longinuchus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys enodis Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys leslianus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys molops Cope 1870 [synonym]

Invalid names: Amblypeza Hay 1908 [synonym], Bantuchelys Dollo 1924 [synonym], Prochonias Cope 1869 [synonym]

G. †Ummulisani Gaffney et al. 2006

†Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al. 2006

Invalid names: Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Podocnemis somaliensis Walker 1966 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
O. P. Hay 1908	Extinct pleurodire turtles having the skull probably extensively rooft over in the temporal region. Vomer present. Triturating surfaces of the jaws, upper and lower, broad and deeply excavated. Shell as in the Pelomedusidae, with small mesoplastra.
O. A. López-Conde et al. 2021	It is recognized as a member of Pelomedusoides based on continuous neural series, composed by hexagonal plates with short antero-lateral margins (except the first and the last one), lacking contact with the suprapygal; absence of shell fontanelles.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

freshwatersubo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

amphibioussubo

Diet:

omnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparoussubo

Created:

2005-08-26 14:50:50

Modified:

2005-08-26 16:50:50

Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Uetz 2005, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Barremian to the top of the Bartonian or 129.40000 to 38.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.0 Ma

Collections (185 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Barremian	129.4 - 125.0	Brazil (Alagoas)	Atolchelys lepida (135830)
Late/Upper Aptian	122.46 - 113.0	Brazil (Ceará)	Cearachelys placidoi (67712 128568)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian	105.3 - 93.5	Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet)	Galianemys emringeri, Galianemys whitei (155306)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Madagascar (Atsimo-Andrefana)	Akoranemys madagasika (214154)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Spain (Soria)	Algorachelus sp. (215933)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	Taphrosphys strenuus (152758)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Argentina (Río Negro)	Elkanemys pritchardi (219994)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Palestinian Territory	Podocnemis parva, Podocnemis judaea (11804)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet)	Galianemys emringeri, Galianemys whitei (60002) Galianemys sp. (209058)
Middle Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Portugal (Leiria)	Algorachelus peregrinus (186171)
Middle Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Texas)	Algorachelus sp. (172153)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Spain (Castilla-La Mancha)	Eupleurodira indet. (132494)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Utah)	Paiutemys tibert (181692)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (New Jersey)	Bothremys sp. (129837)
Santonian - Coniacian	86.3 - 86.3	USA (Kansas)	Chedighaii barberi (129833)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	Hungary (Veszprém)	Bothremydidae indet. (173314) Bothremydidae indet., Testudines indet. (48722)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	Jordan	Karkaemys arabicus (83312)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	USA (Alabama)	Podocnemis alabamae (81928)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian	85.8 - 70.6	USA (Georgia)	Bothremys barberi, Chedighaii barberi (35289) Chedighaii barberi (129838)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	USA (North Carolina)	Taphrosphys sp. (71141)
Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Saudi Arabia (Tabuk)	Bothremydidae indet., Taphrosphyini indet. (116314)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Spain (Vasco-Cantabrica)	Polysternon sp. (208188 208189)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Jersey)	Bothremys cooki, Chedighaii barberi (88610)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	Bothremydidae indet. (200395 200397 200399)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Elochelys major (114968) Pleurosternon provinciale (114967) Polysternon sp. (220117)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France	Polysternon provinciale, Elochelys perfecta (83309)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Alabama)	Chedighaii barberi (224274)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Languedoc-Roussillon)	Polysternon provinciale (47782)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Arkansas)	Chedighaii barberi (129834 129835)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (North Carolina)	Bothremys cooki (129825) Bothremys sp., Bothremys cooki, Chedighaii sp., Chedighaii hutchisoni, Baena sp., Chedighaii barberi (57918) Bothremys sp., Chedighaii sp., Chedighaii barberi (128412) Chedighaii barberi (129839)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Alabama)	Chedighaii barberi (128414 129836)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Mexico)	Chedighaii hutchisoni (56625)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Jersey)	Bothremys barberi (14455)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mexico (Coahuila)	Bothremydina indet. (35360) Chedighaii hutchisoni (154244)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Spain (Castilla y Leon)	Elochelys sp., Polysternon atlanticum (28406 37199) Iberoccitanemys convenarum (48861 193947)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Foxemys mechinorum (89990) Podocnemidae indet. (28454) Testudinata indet. (220134)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Egypt (New Valley)	Khargachelys caironensis (229326)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Polysternon sp. (48849)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (South Carolina)	Bothremys sp., Bothremydinae indet. (180790)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Languedoc-Roussillon)	Polysternon sp. (74660)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	Chupacabrachelys complexus (115413 115414)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Spain (Valencia)	Polysternon sp. (53918)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Mexico (Coahuila)	Palauchelys montellanoi (215838)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Syria	Nigeremys sp. (117849 117850 117852) Taphrosphys sulcatus (117857) Taphrosphys sulcatus, Nigeremys sp. (117853 117854 117855)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Spain (Castilla-La Mancha)	Foxemydina indet., Bothremydidae indet. (91781) Iberoccitanemys convenarum (128273)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	France (Languedoc-Roussillon)	Bothremydidae indet. (48870) Foxemys mechinorum (59887) Pelomedusidae indet. (59686) Polysternon provinciale (88584)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Portugal (Aveiro)	Rosasia soutoi (75866)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Madagascar (Mahajanga)	Kinkonychelys rogersi (91203 91205 91206 91208) Testudines indet. (25074)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	India (Maharashtra)	Carteremys pisdurensis (60397) Shweboemys pisdurensis (11604) Testudines indet. (26370)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Egypt	Arenila krebsi (128401) B. Bothremys group (128405) Taphrosphys sp. (128403) Taphrosphys sulcatus (128402 128404) Zolhafah bella, Arenila krebsi (83310)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Polysternon provinciale (51692)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	India (Madhya Pradesh)	Carteremys sp. (75493)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (New Jersey)	Bothremys cookii (81999)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Niger	Ilatardia cetiotesta (97996) Nigeremys gigantea (83315)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Madagascar (Berivotra)	Bothremydidae indet. (129300)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	India (Karnataka)	Bothremydidae indet. (123568)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Portugal (Coimbra)	Rosasia soutoi (49276)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	France	Taphrosphys ambiguus (195628)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Morocco	Bothremydidae indet. (116902 116903)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Polysternon sp., Bothremydidae indet. (47893)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	Polysternon isonae (132488) Testudinata indet. (141185)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	France (Languedoc-Roussillon)	Testudines indet. (48850)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Niger (Tahoua)	Abalakemys chapmanae (214919)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Aragón)	Bothremydidae indet. (139461 205732 205733 205735 205736 205738 205739 205740) Polysternon sp., Bothremydidae indet. (45437 45438 45439 45440)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	India (Mumbai)	Sankuchemys sethnai (83308)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Burgos)	Bothremydidae indet. (181031) Polysternon atlanticum (176782)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (New Jersey)	Platemys sulcatus (129264) Taphrosphys leslianus, Taphrosphys nodosus (88034) Taphrosphys molops, Taphrosphys leslianus, Taphrosphys enodis, Taphrosphys strenuus (167780) Taphrosphys sulcatus (127082) Taphrosphys sulcatus, Taphrosphys molops, Taphrosphys nodosus (48570)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Morocco	Bothremydidae indet. (99627 213665 213666)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	Bothremydidae indet. (173498 219287 219291 219295 219297 219299 219301 219303)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	France (Haute-Garonne)	Foxemys sp. (148954) Foxemys sp., Elochelys sp. (67196)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	India (Tamil Nadu)	Kurmademys kallamedensis (59877)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene	70.6 - 61.7	USA (New Jersey)	Bothremys sp., Taphrosphys sulcatus, Taphrosphys molops (26819) Taphrosphys longinuchus (128429) Taphrosphys molops (128428)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Pakistan (Sind)	Chelonia indet. (166592)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (New Jersey)	Holops pneumaticus (70857)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Morocco (Khouribga)	Bothremys maghrebiana, Labrostochelys galkini (129831)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Morocco	Araiochelys hirayamai, Bothremys maghrebiana, Taphrosphys ippolitoi, Rhothonemys brinkmani (83311) Labrostochelys galkini (130119)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Brazil (Pernambuco)	Inaechelys pernambucensis (114100)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (South Carolina)	Taphrosphys sulcatus (115152)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	Mali	Azabbaremys moragjonesi (83314) Taphrosphyina undescribed species (115411)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	Colombia (Guajira)	Puentemys mushaisaensis (106271 132012 132013 132014)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Morocco	Bothremys kellyi (68176)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Angola	Podocnemis congolensis (82060 195094) Taphrosphys congolensis (195086 195087 195088 195089 195090 195091 195092 195093)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	USA (Maryland)	Bothremydinae indet. (84046)
Clarkforkian	56.2 - 54.9	USA (South Carolina)	Bothremys sp., Taphrosphys sulcatus (15074)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	Emys conybearii, Platemys bowerbankii, Emys laevis, Emys delabechii (167274) Platemys bowerbankii (178051)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Tunisia	Crassachelys neurirregularis, Eusarkia rotundiformis, Gafsachelys phosphatica (106501)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Maryland )	Bothremydidae indet. (124192)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Aude)	Foxemydina indet., Tartaruscola teodorii (78236)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Peru (Piura)	Taphrosphys olssoni (128430)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Morocco (Oued Zem)	Phosphatochelys tedfordi, Ummulisani rutgersensis (35132)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Morocco	Ummulisani rutgersensis (83313)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	Mali	Nigeremys gigantea (130123)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	Tunisia (Gafsa)	Gafsachelys phosphaticus, Gafsachelys neurirregularis, Eusarkia rotundiformis (151620)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Italy	Bothremydidae indet. (77119)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Spain (Gerona)	Thalassochelys caretta (196698)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Somalia	Chelonia indet. (49873)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Spain	Bothremydidae indet. (167790)