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Protorthida

Rhynchonellata - Protorthida

Taxonomy
Protorthida was named by Schuchert and Cooper (1931).

It was assigned to Articulata by Zhan and Jin (2005); and to Rhynchonellata by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Rubel (2011), Hansen and Holmer (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1931Protorthida Schuchert and Cooper
2000Protorthida Williams et al. p. 709
2003Protorthida Benedetto
2005Protorthida Zhan and Jin p. 375
2011Protorthida Hansen and Holmer
2011Protorthida Rubel

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderProtorthidaSchuchert and Cooper 1931
orderProtorthidaSchuchert and Cooper 1931

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Protorthida Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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Superfm. †Protorthoidea Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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Fm. †Leioriidae Cooper 1976
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G. †Leioria Cooper 1976
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†Leioria bentori Cooper 1976
†Leioria elongata Cooper 1976
Fm. †Protorthidae Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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G. †Glyptoria Cooper 1976
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†Glyptoria glypta Cooper 1976
†Glyptoria gulchensis Popov and Tikhonov 1993
G. †Israelaria Cooper 1976
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†Israelaria parnesi Cooper 1976
G. †Jamesella Walcott 1905
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†Jamesella perpasta Pompeckj 1896
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†Nisusia (Jamesella) amii Walcott 1905
†Nisusia (Jamesella) kuthani Pompeckj 1896
†Nisusia (Jamesella) lowi Walcott 1908
G. †Loperia
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Subg. †Protorthis (Loperia) Walcott 1905
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†Protorthis billingsi Hartt 1868
†Protorthis helena Walcott 1905
†Protorthis laevis Walcott 1905
†Protorthis latourensis Matthew 1886
†Protorthis nautes Walcott 1905
†Protorthis nunnebergensis Walcott 1905
†Protorthis quacoensis Matthew 1886
†Protorthis spencei Walcott 1905
†Protorthis wingi Walcott 1905
G. †Psiloria Cooper 1976
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†Psiloria alata King 1923
†Psiloria dayei Cooper 1976
†Psiloria dayi Cooper 1976
†Psiloria pauperata Cooper 1976
G. †Saesorthis Geyer and Mergl 1997
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Superfm. †Skenidioidea Kozlowski 1929
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Fm. †Skenidiidae Kozlowski 1929
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†Crossiskenidium stelzneri Benedetto 2003
G. †Protoskenidioides Williams 1974
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†Protoskenidioides promontorium Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Protoskenidioides revelata Williams 1974
G. †Skenidioides Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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†Skenidioides acutum Lindström 1861
†Skenidioides anthonense Sardeson 1894
†Skenidioides billingsi Schuchert and Cooper 1931
†Skenidioides costatus Cooper 1956
†Skenidioides elongatus Cooper 1956
†Skenidioides hymiri Baarli 1995
†Skenidioides kayseri Benedetto 2003
†Skenidioides lewisii Davidson 1848
†Skenidioides multifarius Potter 1990
†Skenidioides operosa Johnson et al. 1976
†Skenidioides petrasi Rubel 2011
†Skenidioides pyramidalis Twenhofel 1928
†Skenidioides robertsensis Johnson et al. 1973
†Skenidioides scoliodus Temple 1968
†Skenidioides woodlandiensis Davidson 1882
G. †Skenidium
+
†Scenidium lewisi Davidson 1883
†Skenidium lewisii Davidson 1882
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryp
Attached: yesp
Life habit: low-level epifaunalp
Diet: suspension feederp
Vision: blindc
Created: 2010-02-15 04:48:06
Modified: 2010-02-15 06:48:06
Source: c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Lenian to the top of the Frasnian or 516.00000 to 372.15000 Ma

Collections (690 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Caerfai538.8 - 506.5Jordan Psiloria alata (86710) Psiloria alta, Psiloria dayi (7823) Psiloria dayi (86709)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Xinjiang) Israelaria sp. (49494)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Kyrgyzstan Jamesella sp. (81268)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Morocco Saesorthis simplicissima (9793 9801 9805)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Israel Glyptoria glypta, Israelaria parnesi (86718) Glyptoria glypta, Israelaria parnesi, Psiloria pauperata, Leioria bentori, Leioria elongata (7822) Glyptoria glypta, Leioria bentori (86716) Glyptoria glypta, Leioria bentori, Leioria elongata (86717) Glyptoria glypta, Leioria elongata (86715) Glyptoria glypta, Psiloria pauperata (86719 86720) Israelaria parnesi (86722)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3Canada (Alberta) Nisusia lowi (225265)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3Canada (British Columbia) Nisusia lowi (225278)
Solvan508.2 - 504.5Morocco Saesorthis simplicissima (9790 9791 9792 9794 9795 9797 9799 9802 9803 9804) Saesorthis species A (9796)
Solvan508.2 - 504.5Kazakhstan Psiloria karauensis (219910)
Solvan - Menevian508.2 - 499.5Czechia Jamesella subquadrata, Jamesella perpasta (73545)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Zlichovian410.62 - 393.47Canada (Yukon) Skenidioides sp. (81647)
Zlichovian410.62 - 393.47Czechia (Barrandia) Skenidioides boucoti, Skenidioides fascinatus (12112)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Canada (Yukon Territory) Skenidioides variabilis (26659)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Czechia (Barrandia) Skenidioides cingulatus (12252)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Poland Skenidioides polonicus (231679)
Late/Upper Eifelian390.5 - 387.95Morocco (Maider) Skenidioides polonicus (234962)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Nevada) Skenidium asellatum (94274 94407)
Middle Givetian385.9 - 383.4France (Bretagne) Skenidium sp. (84086 84091 84095 84098 84099)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (New Mexico) Skenidium independense (219871)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Iowa) Skenidium independense (35502)