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Buitreraptor gonzalezorum
Taxonomy
Buitreraptor gonzalezorum was named by Makovicky et al. (2005). Its type specimen is MPCA 245, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Hoyada de los esfenodontes 1, La Buitrera, which is in a Cenomanian crevasse splay sandstone in the Candeleros Formation of Argentina. It was considered monophyletic by Makovicky et al. (2005).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2005 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Makovicky et al. p. 1007 |
| 2006 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Martínez and Novas p. 243 |
| 2007 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Porfiri et al. p. 27 |
| 2007 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Turner et al. p. 7 |
| 2008 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Machado et al. p. 311 |
| 2008 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Novas et al. |
| 2009 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Bever and Norell p. 5 |
| 2009 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Ezcurra p. 1342 |
| 2009 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Longrich and Currie p. supplementary |
| 2009 | Buitreraptor gonzalorum Norell et al. p. 51 |
| 2011 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Gianechini et al. p. 280 |
| 2011 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Goianechini and Apesteguía p. 164 |
| 2011 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Porfiri et al. p. 109 |
| 2011 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Salisbury et al. p. 73 |
| 2011 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Turner et al. p. 5 |
| 2012 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Prieto-Marquez et al. p. 122 |
| 2013 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Gianechini and de Valais p. R18 |
| 2013 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Novas et al. p. 188 |
| 2014 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Delcourt and Grillo p. 312 |
| 2014 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Hendrickx and Mateus p. 21 |
| 2015 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Cerda and Gianechini p. 11 |
| 2016 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Canale et al. p. 27 |
| 2016 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Motta et al. p. 63 |
| 2017 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Gianechini et al. p. 2 |
| 2018 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Novas et al. p. 129 |
| 2023 | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Davis et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Makovicky et al. 2005
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| P. J. Makovicky et al. 2005 | Buitreraptor differs from other theropods in the following unique combination of traits: skull long, exceeding femoral length by 25%; teeth small, unserrated, without root–crown constriction; quadrate with large lateral flange and pneumatic foramen; posterior cervical centra with ventrolateral ridge; furcula pneumatic; brevis shelf expanded and lobate, projects laterally from caudal end of ilium. | |
| F. A. Gianechini et al. 2017 | Paravian theropod with the following unique combination of cranial characters (autapomorphies among coelurosaurians indicated with single asterisk; autapomorphies among dromaeosaurids indicated with double asterisks): skull longer than 1.25 times the length of the femur (only shared with Austroraptor and some ornithothoracine avialans among paravians); elliptical maxillary fenestra not dorsally displaced (only shared with Austroraptor among dromaeosaurids); postantral wall posteriorly expanded (shared with Austroraptor, Velociraptor, and Tsaagan among dromaeosaurids); quadrate with expanded lateral flange and a posterior pneumatic foramen*; straight anterior border of the supratemporal fossa (shared with Austroraptor, Dromaeosaurus, Tsaagan, and Mahakala among dromaeosaurids); elongate subtriangular dentary in lateral view**; dentary with nutrient foramina within a lateral deep groove (shared only with Microraptor among dromaeosaurids); teeth small, numerous, strongly transversely compressed, lacking a mesial carina, denticles and constriction between crown and root, but with longitudinal striae on crowns*; and teeth in middle of maxillary tooth row widely separated** (only shared with Archaeopteryx and Anchiornis among paravians).
Buitreraptor differs from Austroraptor, the only other South American unenlagiine dromaeosaurid with cranial remains, in possessing an elliptical maxillary fenestra that is proportionally larger than in Austroraptor and has its major axis anteroposteriorly directed (anteroventrally-posterodorsally inclined in Austroraptor); distinct antorbital fossa in front of antorbital fenestra (absent in Austroraptor); a triradiate postorbital (dorsoventrally elongated in Austroraptor, with frontal and squamosal processes barely developed and a robust jugal process); elongated frontals anteriorly narrow, with a crescentic dorsal depression, and with triangular and laterally projected postorbital processes (in Austroraptor the frontals are short, wide, dorsally smooth, with rectangular postorbital processes that are less projected laterally); absence of interdental plates in the dentary (present in Austroraptor); a subtriangular dentary in lateral view (with subparallel borders in Austroraptor); a markedly deep groove on the labial surface of the dentary (Austroraptor also bears a groove on the labial surface of the dentary, although it is shallower and more poorly defined); strongly transversely compressed teeth with distal carinae (teeth of Austroraptor are conical and lack carinae); and wide spacing between teeth in the middle of maxillary tooth row (in Austroraptor spacing is tighter, as is common among coelurosaurs). | |
| F. E. Novas et al. 2018 | (based only on postcranial characters)
The new specimen allows recognizing a new set of features that emerge as autapomorphies of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum: dorsal vertebrae lacking pleurocoels; medial and distal caudals with a lateral system of ridges (e.g. transverse process associated with a ridge that extends as feebly developed rims that reach both the prezygapophyses and postzygapophyses; anterior half of centrum with a small ridge running towards the transverse process and a similar ridge is located at the posterior end of the vertebral centrum surface; sub-triangular fossa on anterior and posterior lateral margins, delimited by tiny ridges; see description); furcula pneu- matic; scapular blade axially expanded at mid-length; brevis shelf lobate and horizontally expanded laterally; extremely slender manual elements, hand longer than the femur (117% of total femoral length), and penultimate pedal phalanges with dorsally displaced colateral ligamental pits that are dorsally displaced and in near contact each other. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Holtz et al. 2000 | |||||
Age range: Early/Lower Cenomanian or 99.60000 to 93.50000 Ma
Collections (3 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum (55364 type locality: 225915) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Argentina (Rio Negro) | Buitreraptor gonzalezorum (230159) |