PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Euomphalidae

Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Euomphalidae

Taxonomy

Euomphalidae was named by White (1877).

It was assigned to Euomphalacea by Wenz (1938) and Knight et al. (1960); and to Euomphaloidea by Golikov and Starobogatov (1975), Morris and Cleevely (1981), Linsley and Kier (1984), Rohr et al. (2003), Bouchet et al. (2005), Heidelberger and Koch (2005) and Nützel and Ketwetsuriya (2016).

Sister taxa

Polytropidae, Schizostomatidae

Synonyms

Schizostomatidae was named by Bronn (1849).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Euomphalidae by Bouchet et al. (2005).
Polytrophidae was named by Ulrich (1897).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Euomphalidae by Bouchet et al. (2005).
Straparollinae was named by Cossmann (1916).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Euomphalidae by Bouchet et al. (2005).
Poleumitidae was named by Wenz (1938) [m. kosnik taxon no: 5273].

It was synonymized subjectively with Euomphalidae by Bouchet et al. (2005).

It was assigned to Euomphaloidea by Jeffery (2003).
Euomphalopteridae was named by Koken (1896).

It was synonymized subjectively with Euomphalidae by Bouchet et al. (2005).

It was assigned to Pleurotomariacea by Knight et al. (1960); and to Pseudophoroidea by Golikov and Starobogatov (1975).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1849	Schizostomatidae Bronn
1877	Euomphalidae White
1896	Euomphalopteridae Koken
1916	Straparollinae Cossmann p. 120
1938	Euomphalidae Wenz
1938	Poleumitidae Wenz
1960	Euomphalidae Knight et al. p. 191
1960	Euomphalopteridae Knight et al. p. 211
1975	Euomphalidae Golikov and Starobogatov p. 208
1975	Euomphalopteridae Golikov and Starobogatov p. 208
1981	Euomphalidae Morris and Cleevely
1984	Euomphalidae Linsley and Kier
2003	Poleumitidae Jeffery
2003	Euomphalidae Rohr et al.
2005	Euomphalidae Bouchet et al. p. 241
2005	Euomphalidae Heidelberger and Koch p. 34
2016	Euomphalidae Nützel and Ketwetsuriya p. 490

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Eogastropoda
order	Euomphalina
superfamily	Euomphaloidea	()
family	Euomphalidae
family	Euomphalidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Euomphalidae White 1877

show all | hide all

G. †Acanthonema Sherzer and Grabau 1910

†Acanthonema holopiforme Sherzer and Grabau 1910

†Acanthonema laxa Sherzer and Grabau 1910

†Acanthonema newberryi Meek 1871

G. †Alaionema Gubanov et al. 1995

†Alaionema crenulatum Meek 1871

†Alaionema kyrgyzensis Gubanov et al. 1995

†Alaionema laudabilis Perner 1903

G. †Anisostoma Koken 1889

G. †Araeonema Knight 1933

†Araeonema clathratus Paeckelmann 1913

†Araeonema microspirulata Yoo 1994

†Araeonema nacreformis Yoo 1994

†Araeonema novamexicanum Kues 2004

†Araeonema osterholzensis Heidelberger and Amler 2002

†Araeonema panthalassica Nützel and Nakazawa 2012

†Araeonema problematicum Wang 1980

†Araeonema tenuistriata Netchaev 1894

†Araeonema virgatum Knight 1933

Invalid names: Palaeoturbina Wenz 1938 [synonym]

G. †Austerum Heidecker 1959

G. †Biformispira Rohr 1980

†Biformispira isaacsoni Rohr 1980

†Biformispira isacsonni Rohr 1980

G. †Burdikinia Knight 1937

†Burdikinia axionoides Etheridge, Jr. 1921

†Burdikinia burdekinensis Etheridge 1917

Invalid names: Polyamma Etheridge 1917 [replaced]

G. †Centrifugus Bronn 1835

†Centrifugus planorbis Bronn 1835

†Centrifugus procera Perner 1907

Invalid names: Hisingeria Ulrich and Scofield 1897 [objective synonym]

G. †Condonella McLellan 1927

G. †Cylicioscapha Yochelson 1956

†Amphiscapha (Cylicioscapha) texana Yochelson 1956

†Amphiscapha (Cylicioscapha) williamsi Yochelson 1956

†Cylicioscapha khmeriana Mansuy 1914

†Cylicioscapha longlingensis Pan 1985

†Cylicioscapha multinodosa Pan 1983

Invalid names: Euomphalus gigantonodus Wang 1985 [synonym]

G. †Devonicornu Frýda 1998

†Devonicornu parvulum Frýda 1998

G. †Discotropis Yochelson 1956

†Discotropis girtyi Yochelson 1956

†Discotropis klobukowskii Mansuy 1912

Invalid names: Euomphalus rectangulus Mansuy 1913 [synonym]

†Discotropis publicus Yochelson 1956

†Discotropis sulcifer Girty 1909

†Discotropis turritus Delpey 1941

G. †Eleutherospira Blodgett and Johnson 1992

†Eleutherospira medfraensis Blodgett and Johnson 1992

†Eleutherospira sinistralis Blodgett and Johnson 1992

†Eleutherospira steltenbergensis Heidelberger and Koch 2005

G. †Elkoceras Lintz and Lohr 1958

†Elkoceras volborthi Lintz and Lohr 1958

Subfm. †Euomphalinae White 1877

G. †Amphiscapha Knight 1942

Subg. †Amphiscapha (Amphiscapha) Knight 1942

†Amphiscapha (Amphiscapha) dextrata Yochelson 1956

†Amphiscapha (Amphiscapha) gigantea Yochelson 1956

†Amphiscapha browni Thomas 1930

†Amphiscapha calix Gordon and Yochelson 1975

†Amphiscapha catilloides Conrad 1842

†Amphiscapha hollingsworthi Knight 1934

†Amphiscapha intermedius Gordon and Yochelson 1983

†Amphiscapha marginatus d'Eichwald 1860

†Amphiscapha mongolicus Grabau 1931

†Amphiscapha muricata Knight 1934

†Amphiscapha peruviana Chronic 1949

†Amphiscapha proxima Yochelson 1956

†Amphiscapha reedsi Knight 1934

†Amphiscapha subquadrata Meek and Worthen 1870

†Amphiscapha subrugosa Meek and Worthen 1873

†Amphiscapha subsulcata Knight 1934

†Amphiscapha uralensis Licharev 1975

G. †Heteronodosus Pan and Zhang 1983

†Heteronodosus giganteus Pan and Zhang 1983

G. †Leptomphalus Yochelson 1956

†Leptomphalus disomphalus Dietz 1911

†Leptomphalus pusillus Waagen 1880

†Leptomphalus rennstiegensis Dietz 1911

†Leptomphalus subcircularis Mansuy 1913

†Straparollus (Leptomphalus) arcturus Yancey 1969

†Straparollus (Leptomphalus) besselensis Dickins 1963

†Straparollus (Leptomphalus) micidus Yochelson 1956

G. †Paromphalus Grabau 1936

†Paromphalus ammonitiformis Etheridge 1902

†Paromphalus mapingensis Grabau 1936

†Paromphalus rotundus Wang 1982

G. †Planotectus Yochelson 1956

†Planotectus cymbellatus Yochelson 1956

G. †Pseudomphalotrochus Blodgett 1992

†Pseudomphalotrochus bonapartensis Cook 1998

†Pseudomphalotrochus clarkei de Koninck 1876

†Pseudomphalotrochus cottrelli Linsley and Yochelson 1973

†Pseudomphalotrochus gibsoni Hoffman 1969

Invalid names: Pseudomphalotrochus hoffmani Linsley and Yochelson 1973 [synonym], Pseudomphalotrochus hypotropis Radabaugh 1942 [synonym]

†Pseudomphalotrochus incrustatus Linsley and Yochelson 1973

†Pseudomphalotrochus leonhardi d’Archiac and de Verneuil 1842

†Pseudomphalotrochus linsleyi Blodgett 1992

†Pseudomphalotrochus philosophus Whidborne 1889

†Pseudomphalotrochus winnipegosis Linsley and Yochelson 1973

G. †Euomphalopsis Ulrich et al. 1931

†Euomphalopsis depressa Stauffer 1937

†Euomphalopsis involuta Ulrich et al. 1931

†Euomphalopsis magnus Rohr et al. 2002

Subfm. †Euomphalopterinae Koken 1896

G. †Euomphalopterus Roemer 1876

Subg. †Euomphalopterus (Pleuromphalus) Perner 1903

†Euomphalopterus alatus Wahlenberg 1821

†Euomphalopterus aliger Perner 1903

†Euomphalopterus cirrhosa Lindström 1884

†Euomphalopterus gracilis Koken and Perner 1925

†Euomphalopterus limatoidea Kindle 1903

Invalid names: Euomphalopterus tyrrelli Parks 1913 [synonym]

†Euomphalopterus liratus Kirk 1928

†Euomphalopterus marklini Lindström 1884

†Euomphalopterus praetexta Lindström 1884

†Euomphalopterus recticosta Perner 1903

†Euomphalopterus seductor Perner 1903

†Euomphalopterus subcarinata Lindström 1884

Invalid names: Euomphalopterus apedalensis Pitcher 1939 [synonym]

†Euomphalopterus togata Lindström 1884

†Euomphalopterus undulans Lindström 1884

†Euomphalopterus valeria Billings 1865

†Euomphalopterus velaris Whiteaves 1895

Invalid names: Bathmopterus Kirk 1928 [synonym]

G. †Siskiyouspira Rohr 1980

†Siskiyouspira vostokovae Rohr 1980

G. †Euomphalus Sowerby 1814

Subg. †Euomphalus (Schizostoma) Weigner 1937

†Euomphalus acuticosta Sandberger and Sandberger 1855

†Euomphalus acutus Sowerby 1818

†Euomphalus altus Kirchner 1915

†Euomphalus angularis Weller 1900

†Euomphalus anticostiensis Twenhofel 1928

†Euomphalus araneifer Whidborne 1892

†Euomphalus archiaci Goldfuss 1844

†Euomphalus articulatus Goldfuss 1844

†Euomphalus basinodosus Kirchner 1915

†Euomphalus biarmatus Klipstein 1843

†Euomphalus bundtzeni Blodgett 1992

†Euomphalus cassianus Koken 1889

†Euomphalus catilliformis de Koninck 1881

†Euomphalus catillus Martin 1793

†Euomphalus cera Etheridge 1917

†Euomphalus conradi Hall 1861

†Euomphalus crotalostomiformis Wanner 1922

†Euomphalus crotalostomus M'Coy 1844

†Euomphalus dentatus Münster 1841

†Euomphalus eurekensis Walcott 1884

†Euomphalus fairchildi Clarke and Ruedemann 1903

†Euomphalus fenestralis Whidborne 1892

†Euomphalus gradatus Koken 1896

†Euomphalus helicinus Münster 1840

†Euomphalus illinoisensis Thein and Nitecki 1974

†Euomphalus kaibabensis Chronic 1952

†Euomphalus latus Hall 1858

†Euomphalus luxus Hall 1859

†Euomphalus minimus M'Coy 1847

†Euomphalus minor Parks 1915

†Euomphalus mohri Kirchner 1915

†Euomphalus neapolitanus Whidborne 1892

†Euomphalus nitidulus Angelin and Lindström 1880

†Euomphalus nodocarinatus Wanner 1922

†Euomphalus nodulosus de Koninck 1876

†Euomphalus oldhami Reed 1944

†Euomphalus patulus Koken and Perner 1925

†Euomphalus pentangulatus Sowerby 1814

†Euomphalus perspectivus Swallow 1863

†Euomphalus perversus d'Orbigny 1842

†Euomphalus planodorsatus Meek and Worthen 1860

†Euomphalus planorbis d’Archiac and de Verneuil 1842

†Euomphalus plummeri Knight 1934

†Euomphalus pronodocarinatus Pan and Yu 1993

†Euomphalus pusilliformis Wanner 1922

†Euomphalus radiatus Goldfuss 1832

†Euomphalus rotundus Parks 1915

†Euomphalus schnurii d’Archiac and de Verneuil 1842

†Euomphalus serratus Knight 1934

†Euomphalus similis Meek and Worthen 1862

Invalid names: Straparollus (Euomphalus) planus Girty 1915 [synonym]

†Euomphalus sinister Tolmachoff 1930

†Euomphalus sinistrorsus Wanner 1922

†Euomphalus studeri Klipstein 1843

†Euomphalus subtrigonalis Whidborne 1891

†Euomphalus sulcatus Kayser 1873

†Euomphalus telleri Kittl 1891

†Euomphalus tenuistriatus Zhu 1995

†Euomphalus trigonalis Goldfuss 1844

†Euomphalus triliris Easton 1943

†Euomphalus tuberculatus Tolmachoff 1930

†Euomphalus utahensis Hall and Whitfield 1877

†Euomphalus venustus Münster 1841

Invalid names: Delphinula verneuilii Klipstein 1843 [synonym]

†Euomphalus verneuili Goldfuss 1844

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) alaskensis Yochelson and Dutro 1960

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) asanoi Kase 1988

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) brooksensis Yochelson and Dutro 1960

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) carbonarius Sowerby 1844

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) cornudanus Shumard 1859

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) elegans de Koninck 1881

Invalid names: Euomphalus amaenus de Koninck 1881 [synonym]

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) equalis Sowerby 1815

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) glabribasis Yochelson 1956

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) konobasis Jeffery et al. 1994

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) levicarinatus Yochelson 1956

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) marginatiformis Licharev 1967

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) pancakensis Mount 1973

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) parvulus Weigner 1938

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) parvus Waagen 1880

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) pernodosus Meek and Worthen 1870

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) pugilis Phillips 1836

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) qingyanensis Yin and Yochelson 1983

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) subplanus Hall 1852

Invalid names: Euomphalus obtusus Hall 1858 [synonym]

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) sumatrensis Roemer 1880

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) uedai Murata 1969

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) umbilicatus Meek and Worthen 1860

†Straparollus (Euomphalus) variabilis Jeffery et al. 1994

Invalid names: Euomphalus simuloides Grabau 1931 [nomen dubium], Phymatifer de Koninck 1881 [synonym], Schizostoma Bronn 1834 [synonym]

G. †Fletcherviewia Cook 1993

†Fletcherviewia septata Cook 1993

G. †Goldfussoceras Blodgett and Frýda 1999

†Goldfussoceras circinalis Goldfuss 1844

G. †Hippocampoides Wade 1916

G. †Kiaeromphalus Peel and Yochelson 1976

†Kiaeromphalus kristianiensis Peel and Yochelson 1976

†Kiaeromphalus undiferus Schmidt 1858

G. †Krasopea Horný 1992

†Krasopea glabra Frýda and Bandel 1997

†Krasopea solaris Horný 1992

G. †Linsleyella Rohr 1980

†Linsleyella greggi Rohr 1980

†Linsleyella johnsoni Rohr 1980

†Linsleyella spinosa Salter 1859

G. †Nevadaspira Yochelson 1971

†Nevadaspira cooperi Yochelson 1971

G. †Nodeuomphalus Bandel and Frýda 1998

†Nodeuomphalus labadyei d’Archiac and de Verneuil 1842

†Nodeuomphalus leunissi Heidelberger and Bandel 1999

†Nodeuomphalus moniliferus Romanovsky 1890

†Nodeuomphalus paffrathianus Bandel and Frýda 1998

†Nodeuomphalus peskensis Mazaev 1994

†Nodeuomphalus pirochiensis Mazaev 1994

G. †Novakopteron Horný 2001

†Novakopteron pravoslavi Horný 2001

Subfm. †Odontomariinae Frýda et al. 2006

G. †Mastigospira La Rocque 1949

†Mastigospira alata Whiteaves 1892

†Mastigospira ingens La Rocque 1949

†Mastigospira intermedia La Rocque 1949

†Mastigospira weberae Blodgett 1992

G. †Tubiconcha Frýda et al. 2006

†Tubiconcha leunissi Heidelberger 2001

Invalid names: Auricularia Heidelberger 2001 [replaced]

G. †Offleyotrochus Peel 1979

†Offleyotrochus naresi Etheridge 1878

G. †Pentagonodiscus Wendt 1968

†Pentagonodiscus augustus Wendt 1968

†Pentagonodiscus initiopentagonatus Szabo 1979

†Pentagonodiscus reussii Hauer 1853

G. †Phanerotinus Sowerby 1844

†Phanerotinus cristatus Phillips 1836

†Phanerotinus intermedius de Koninck 1883

†Phanerotinus mundus Whidborne 1892

†Phanerotinus nudus Sowerby 1844

†Phanerotinus serpula de Koninck 1843

G. †Pleuronotus Hall 1879

†Pleuronotus confusus Perner 1903

†Pleuronotus decewi Billings 1861

†Pleuronotus tioga Hall 1876

G. †Poleumita Clarke and Ruedemann 1903

†Poleumita alatum Lindström 1884

†Poleumita anabarica Kurushin 1986

†Poleumita crenulata Whiteaves 1884

†Poleumita discors Sowerby 1814

†Poleumita gyrans Lindström 1884

†Poleumita haliburtoni McLearn 1924

†Poleumita hudsonica Parks 1913

†Poleumita incarinatus Foerste 1893

†Poleumita mashkovae Kurushin 1986

†Poleumita myeri Goldfuss 1844

†Poleumita octavia d'Orbigny 1850

†Cyclonema carinatum glabrum Lindström 1884

Invalid names: Poleumita carinata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839 [replaced]

†Poleumita prosseri Foerste 1919

†Poleumita rugosa Sowerby 1814

†Poleumita scamnata Clarke and Ruedemann 1903

†Poleumita semiplanus Perner 1907

†Poleumita subsulcatus Hisinger 1837

†Poleumita vernonensis Fisher 1957

†Poleumita walmstedti Lindström 1884

Invalid names: Polytropina Donald 1905 [objective synonym], Polytropis de Koninck 1881 [replaced]

G. †Rhabdotocochlis Knight 1933

†Rhabdotocochlis conveximarginatus Zhu 1995

†Rhabdotocochlis ovata Wang 1980

†Rhabdotocochlis rugata Knight 1933

†Rhabdotocochlis turgida Yoo 1994

G. †Rihamphalus Frýda 1998

†Rihamphalus gracilis Ríha 1938

G. †Saturnotropis Horný 1992

†Saturnotropis simulans Perner 1903

G. †Sinistrispira Jhaveri 1969

†Sinistrispira monticola Spitz 1907

G. †Sinutropis Perner 1903

†Sinutropis esthetica Perner 1903

†Sinutropis interrumpens Perner 1903

†Sinutropis spiralis Rohr 1988

†Sinutropis tenera Perner 1903

G. †Straparollus de Montfort 1810

†Euomphalus (Straparollus) exiguus Kindle 1900

†Euomphalus (Straparollus) rugosus Hall 1858

Subg. †Straparollus (Philoxene) Kayser 1889

†Philoxene alacer Perner 1903

†Philoxene argutus Fenton and Fenton 1924

†Philoxene caementarius Blodgett and Johnson 1992

†Philoxene cyclostomus Hall 1858

Invalid names: Philoxene marylandicus Clarke and Swartz 1913 [synonym]

†Philoxene laevis d’Archiac and de Verneuil 1842

Invalid names: Philoxene serpens Phillips 1841 [synonym]

†Philoxene mopsus Hall 1868

†Philoxene mortoni Linsley and Yochelson 1973

†Philoxene paveyi Foerste 1923

†Philoxene perlongus Perner 1903

†Philoxene perprofondus Perner 1903

†Philoxene planiformis Heidelberger and Bandel 1999

†Philoxene plicatulus Perner 1903

†Philoxene praestans Perner 1903

†Philoxene retrorsus Römer 1850

†Philoxene sodalis Perner 1903

Subg. †Straparollus (Straparollus) de Montfort 1810

†Straparollus (Straparollus) explanatus de Koninck 1881

†Straparollus (Straparollus) mammula de Koninck 1881

†Straparollus (Straparollus) mortoni Linsley and Yochelson 1973

†Straparollus (Straparollus) ophirensis Hall and Whitfield 1877

†Straparollus (Straparollus) savagei Knight 1934

†Straparollus acuminatus Frýda 1998

†Straparollus aequalis Sowerby 1815

†Straparollus ammon White and Whitfield 1862

†Straparollus arcturus Yancey 1969

†Straparollus ater Spitz 1907

†Straparollus bicavatus Spriestersbach 1942

†Straparollus brevis Yoo 1994

†Straparollus clymenioides Hall 1860

†Straparollus complanans Perner 1903

†Straparollus daphne Billings 1865

†Straparollus davidi Dun and Benson 1920

†Straparollus devonoaltus Heidelberger and Bandel 1999

†Straparollus dionysii de Montfort 1810

†Straparollus expectans Perner 1907

†Straparollus filifora Perner 1903

†Straparollus fragilis Perner 1903

†Straparollus franciscae Böhm 1895

†Straparollus hecale Hall 1876

†Straparollus heliciformis de Koninck 1881

†Straparollus hippolyta Billings 1865

†Straparollus honoratus Perner 1903

†Straparollus incongruens Perner 1903

†Straparollus ineptus de Koninck 1881

†Straparollus inops Hall 1876

†Straparollus kokeni Spitz 1907

†Straparollus leptoni Tassell 1982

†Straparollus levigatus Léveillé 1835

Invalid names: Straparollus minutus de Koninck 1881 [synonym]

†Straparollus lonemountainensis Blodgett and Johnson 1992

†Straparollus macromphalus Winchell 1863

†Straparollus magnus Kurushin 1986

†Straparollus multispina Sandberger and Sandberger 1855

†Straparollus newarkensis Walcott 1884

†Straparollus paucivolvus Gabb 1864

†Straparollus paullulus Koken and Perner 1925

†Straparollus pileopsideus Phillips 1836

†Straparollus planodiscus Hall 1860

†Straparollus planorbiformis de Koninck 1881

†Straparollus planus Heidelberger 2001

†Straparollus portlandensis Fenton and Fenton 1924

†Straparollus quadrivolvis Hall 1856

†Straparollus rudis Hall 1876

†Straparollus spergenensis Hall 1856

†Straparollus turritus Sandberger and Sandberger 1855

†Straparollus ultimus Kittl 1891

†Straparollus vermis Whidborne 1896

†Straparollus volnovachensis Zernetskaya 1967

†Straparolus australis Maxwell 1961

†Straparolus subdionysii Maxwell 1961

G. †Stusakia Frýda 1998

†Stusakia pulchra Frýda 1998

G. †Tongweispira Tong and Erwin 2001

†Tongweispira sichuanensis Tong and Erwin 2001

G. †Tychobrahea Horny 1992

†Tychobrahea aerumnans Horný 1992

†Tychobrahea amosi Horný 1992

†Tychobrahea concors Perner 1903

†Tychobrahea proctoni Tassell 1982

G. †Weeksia Stephenson 1941

Invalid names: Euomphalopteridae Koken 1896 [synonym], Poleumitidae Wenz 1938 [synonym], Polytropidae Ulrich 1897 [invalid subgroup], Schizostomatidae Bronn 1849 [invalid subgroup], Straparollinae Cossmann 1916 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitef

Composition 2:

low Mg calcitef

Entire body:

yesf

Adult length:

10 to < 100f

Adult width:

10 to < 100f

Locomotion:

stationaryf

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

suspension feederf

Vision:

limitedc

Comments:

MINERALOGY: calcitic outer layers and inner aragonitic layers. BODY SIZE: Based on component genera; 3 of 3 genera share 10 to < 100 length, 3 of 3 share 10 to < 100 width. LIFE HISTORY: Surficial, non-motile attached or unattached, suspension feeding according to Bambach et al (2007, based on Wagner pers. comm.). From Batten 1984: There appear to be three layers composing the wall in this species. An outer layer, supposedly of calcite, is composed of very fine, fibrous prisms that are either normal to the outer surface (Figure 2A) or at an angle to it. The prisms are arranged normal to the inner whorl surface. The general appearance is that of asbestoslike coarse myostracum. In contrast to ends of aragonite prism crystals, each crystal terminates in a rhombic cap (Figure 2B). Each of these elongate crystals are undulate with peculiar rounded bosses apparently scattered randomly on the surfaces. The middle layer is composed of a single unit of crossed-lamellar structure (Figure 2C). The inner layer is the thinnest and is also composed of prisms resembling myostracum. Both of these prismatic layers are said to be calcitic and the manner of preservation in the material studied supports this conclusion. Of the 21 specimens examined, all show the outer and inner layer intact, with the middle layer leached out completely in most of the specimens, although a few had enough of the middle layer preserved to identify it. f

Created:

2007-09-18 08:58:27

Modified:

2010-01-28 09:42:46

Source: f = family, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Cassinian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 482.30000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (1090 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Demingian	485.4 - 478.6	USA (Tennessee)	Euomphalopsis involuta (154344)
Gasconadian	485.4 - 477.7	USA (Montana)	Euomphalopsis sp. (219668)
Cassinian	482.3 - 470.0	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	Euomphalopsis magnus (56150 56151 56154)
Cassinian	482.3 - 470.0	USA (Minnesota)	Euomphalopsis depressa (56647)
Whiterockian	470.0 - 457.3	USA (California)	Euomphalus sp. (208573)
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	China (XinJiang)	Straparollus sp. (20802)
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	Sweden	Euomphalus sp. (380)
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	USA (California)	Ellisella greggi, Linsleyella johnsoni (69228 69232) Linsleyella johnsoni (69220)
Blackriveran	457.3 - 449.6	Canada (Quebec)	Helicotoma spinosa (63816)
Rocklandian	457.3 - 449.6	Canada (Quebec)	Helicotoma spinosa (154703)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Hippocampoides sp. (205541) Weeksia lubbocki (7480 7494 7495 205446)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	Weeksia amplificata (7600)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	Weeksia amplificata (205445)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Maryland)	Weeksia peplanata (125950)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	Weeksia amplificata (4118 7475 7477 7487 7586 7592)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (California)	Condonella sp. (224893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Maryland)	Weeksia sp. (4368 4369)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	Weeksia amplificata (4197) Weeksia deplanata (4186 4196 4217 4225 83225 83237) Weeksia sp. (4216)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Missouri)	Weeksia sp. (4385)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	Weeksia deplanata (4135 4137 4140 4147 4160 4164 4167)