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Protomonaxonida
Taxonomy
Protomonaxonida was named by Finks et al. (2004). It is extant.
It was assigned to Clavaxinellida by Finks et al. (2004); and to Demospongea by Rigby and von Bitter (2005).
It was assigned to Clavaxinellida by Finks et al. (2004); and to Demospongea by Rigby and von Bitter (2005).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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2004 | Protomonaxonida Finks et al. p. 9 |
2005 | Protomonaxonida Rigby and von Bitter p. 460 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Protomonaxonida Finks et al. 2004
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Fm. †Choiidae Laubenfels 1925
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G. †Choia Walcott 1920
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†Choia carteri Walcott 1920
†Choia hindei Dawson 1896
†Choia ridleyi Walcott 1920
†Choia striata Xiao et al. 2005
†Choia utahensis Walcott 1920
G. †Choiaella Rigby and Hou 1995
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†Choiaella radiata Rigby and Hou 1995
†Choiaella scotica Beresi et al. 2010
Fm. †Halichondritidae Rigby 1986
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G. †Arborispongia Rigby 1986
G. †Pohlispongia Rigby and von Bitter 2005
Fm. †Hamptoniidae Laubenfels 1955
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G. †Hamptonia Walcott 1920
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†Hamptonia bowerbanki Walcott 1920
†Hamptonia chengjiangensis Wu et al. 2014
†Hamptonia christi Botting 2007
†Hamptonia elongata Rigby and Collins 2004
†Hamptonia parva Rigby et al. 2010
G. †Hamptoniella Rigby and Collins 2004
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†Hamptoniella foliata Rigby and Collins 2004
†Hamptoniella hirsuta Rigby and Collins 2004
G. †Lasiothrix
G. †Offela Rogers et al. 1964
Fm. †Hazeliidae De Laubenfels 1955
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G. †Crumillospongia Rigby 1986
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†Crumillospongia biporosa Rigby 1986
†Crumillospongia frondosa Walcott 1919
†Crumillospongia mureroensis Garcia-Bellido et al. 2011
G. †Falospongia Rigby 1986
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†Falospongia falata Rigby 1986
†Falospongia ramosa Rigby and Collins 2004
G. †Hazelia Walcott 1920
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†Hazelia conferta Walcott 1920
†Hazelia crateria Rigby 1986
†Hazelia delicatula Walcott 1920
†Hazelia dignata Walcott 1920
†Hazelia grandis Walcott 1920
†Hazelia lobata Rigby and Collins 2004
†Hazelia luteria Rigby 1986
†Hazelia nodulifera Walcott 1920
†Hazelia obscura Walcott 1920
†Hazelia palmata Walcott 1920
†Hazelia walcotti Resser and Howell 1938
G. †Lasiocladia
Fm. †Heliospongiidae Finks 1960
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G. †Coelocladiella Finks 1960
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†Coelocladiella giganta Deng 1981
†Coelocladiella intermedia Deng 1981
†Coelocladiella lissa Finks 1960
†Coelocladiella pachytheca Deng 1981
†Coelocladiella philoconcha Finks 1960
G. †Heliospongia Girty 1908
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†Heliospongia excavata King 1933
†Heliospongia finksi Termier and Termier 1977
†Heliospongia houchangensis Deng 1982
†Heliospongia ramosa Girty 1908
†Heliospongia vokesi King 1943
Fm. †Leptomitidae De Laubenfels 1955
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G. †Leptomitella Rigby 1986
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†Leptomitella confusa Chen et al. 1989
†Leptomitella conica Chen et al. 1989
†Leptomitella incepta Rigby and Collins 2004
†Leptomitella metta Rigby 1983
G. †Leptomitus Walcott 1886
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†Leptomitus conicus García-Bellido et al. 2007
†Leptomitus lineatus Walcott 1920
†Leptomitus minor Resser and Howell 1938
†Leptomitus teretiusculus Chen et al. 1989
†Leptomitus undulatus Rigby and Collins 2004
†Leptomitus zitteli Walcott 1886
Invalid names: Tuponia Walcott 1920 [synonym]
G. †Paraleptomitella Chen et al. 1989
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†Paraleptomitella dictyodroma Chen et al. 1989
†Paraleptomitella globula Chen et al. 1989
Fm. †Piraniidae Laubenfels 1955
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G. †Pirania Walcott 1920
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†Pirania auraeum Botting 2007
†Pirania llanfawrensis Botting 2004
†Pirania muricata Walcott 1920
Fm. †Sinospongiidae Finks and Rigby 2004
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G. †Sinospongia Chen 1992
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†Sinospongia chenjunyuani Chen 1992
†Sinospongia typica Li 1996
Invalid names: Niuganmafeia Chen 1991 [synonym]
Fm. †Sollasellidae von Lendenfeld 1887
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G. †Coniculospongia
G. †Ginkgospongia
G. Sollasella von Lendenfeld 1888
G. †Sphaeriella
G. †Stramentella Gerasimov 1960
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†Stramentella helminthophora Gerasimov 1960
†Stramentella ostaschovensis Gerasimov 1960
G. †Trichospongia
Fm. †Takakkawiidae De Laubenfels 1955
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Fm. †Ulospongiellidae Rigby and Collins 2004
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Fm. †Wapkiidae De Laubenfels 1955
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class | |||||
References: Kiessling 2004, Whittington et al. 1997 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Pleistocene or 635.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 541.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 541.0 Ma
Collections (235 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Ediacaran | China (Hubei) | Sinospongia chenjunyuani, Sinospongia typica (106450) | |
Early/Lower Cambrian | China (Yunnan) | Choiaella radiatia, Choia ridley, Choia carteri, Choia hindei, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Allantospongia mica, Choia utahensis, Wapkia grandis, Halichondrites elissa, Leptomitella conica, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula, Hamptonia chengjiangensis (156226) | |
Early/Lower Cambrian | Spain (Aragon) | Crumillospongia mureroensis (120550 120552) | |
Meishucunian | China (Anhui) | Choia striata, Choia utahensis (96370) | |
Atdabanian | China (Anhui) | Leptomitella sp. (96659 96660) | |
Atdabanian | China (Guizhou) | Choiaella radiata (86849) | |
Atdabanian | Greenland (Peary Land) | Choia hindei (90574) | |
Atdabanian | China (Yunnan) | Allantospongia mica, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90150) Choia hindei, Choiaella radiata, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90164) Choia hindei, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90166) Choia xiaolantianensis, Choiaella radiata, Hazelia palmata, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (86851) Choiaella radiata (90165) Choiaella radiata, Allantospongia mica (96405) Halichondrites sp., Choia sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Allantospongia mica, Hazelia palmata, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (68083) Leptomitella conica, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (90494) Leptomitella sp., Leptomitus sp., Paraleptomitella sp., Crumillospongia sp., Hazelia sp., Choia sp. (86929) Leptomitella teretiusculus, Halichondrites sp., Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (86846) Leptomitus sp., Paraleptomitella sp., Crumillospongia sp., Hazelia sp., Choia sp., Halicondrites sp. (86930) Leptomitus teretiusculus (96410) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (96402) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90138) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (96412) Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (96413) | |
Nangaoian | China (Hubai) | Leptomitella sp., Leptomitus sp., Paraleptomitella sp., Crumillospongia sp., Halichondrites sp., Hazelia sp., Choia sp. (219687) | |
Nangaoian | China (Yunnan) | Choia hindei, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (132327) Halichondrites sp., Hazelia sp., Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (132329 132330) Hazelia sp.nov, Choiaella radiata (194155) Hazelia sp.nov, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Halichondrites elissa, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194150) Hazelia sp.nov, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Halichondrites elissa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (194163) Hazelia sp.nov, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194143 194160) Hazelia sp.nov, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194161) Hazelia sp.nov, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194153 194162) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194141) Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194140) | |
Nangaoian | China (Guizhou) | Choia zunyiensis, Leptomitus teretiusculus (128419) Leptomitus sp. (128420) Leptomitus teretiusculus (128421) | |
Atdabanian - Botomian | Greenland | Choia hindei (121183 121184 121185) | |
Botomian | Russian Federation (Sakha) | Lenica unica (121186) | |
Botomian | Australia (South Australia) | Leptomitidae indet., Hamptoniidae indet., Choiidae indet. (187498) | |
Botomian | Russian Federation (Yakutia) | Lenica sp., Wapkia sp. (90438) | |
Botomian | China (Yunnan) | Choia sp. (90368) | |
Dyeran | USA (Vermont) | Leptomitus sp. (191) Leptomitus zitteli (121235) | |
Dyeran | USA (Pennsylvania) | Leptomitus minor (226194) Leptomitus walcotti (226192) Leptomitus walcotti, Leptomitus minor (192) | |
Dyeran - Delamaran | USA (Pennsylvania) | Hazelia walcotti (121236) | |
Delamaran | USA (Utah) | Choia sp. (77217) | |
Delamaran | Canada (British Columbia) | Choia carteri, Choia ridleyi, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia hindei, Leptomitus lineatus, Hazelia palmata, Hazelia dignata, Falospongia ramosa, Takakkawia lineata (121963) Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus (121954) Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Wapkia grandis, Wapkia elongata, Pirania muricata, Hazelia conferta, Takakkawia lineata (121959) Choia carteri, Leptomitus lineatus (121953) Choia carteri, Wapkia grandis (121955) Crumillospongia sp., Hazelia sp., Choia sp., Halicondrites elissa, Leptomitus lineatus, Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata, Falospongia falata, Takakkawia lineata (84428) Crumillospongia sp., Hazelia sp., Choia sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata, Falospongia falata (84427) Crumillospongia sp., Hazelia sp., Choia sp., Leptomitus lineatus, Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata, Falospongia falata, Takakkawia lineata (84426) Crumillospongia sp., Hazelia sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Pirania muricata, Falospongia falata, Takakkawia lineata (84424) Falospongia sp., Choia carteri, Choia ridleyi, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Leptomitus undulatus, Wapkia grandis, Wapkia elongata, Halichondrites elissa, Pirania muricata, Hazelia palmata, Hazelia conferta, Hazelia crateria, Hazelia delicatula, Hazelia dignata, Hazelia luteria, Hazelia obscura, Hazelia lobata, Hazelia nodulifera, Falospongia falata, Crumillospongia frondosa, Crumillospongia biporosa, Takakkawia lineata, Moleculospina mammillata (121962) Halichondrites sp., Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Hamptoniella foliata, Hamptoniella hirsuta, Ulospongiella ancyla, Hapalospongia flexuosa, Pirania muricata, Hazelia palmata, Hazelia conferta, Hazelia delicatula, Hazelia grandis (121957) Halichondrites sp., Choia carteri, Pirania muricata, Hazelia palmata, Falospongia ramosa (121960) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitella incepta, Pirania muricata (121956) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus (121966) Hamptonia elongata, Pirania muricata, Hazelia palmata, Takakkawia lineata (121961) Hazelia dignata (121964) Hazelia sp. (84413 84414 84416 84417 84436) Hazelia sp., Halicondrites elissa, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Takakkawia lineata (84430) Hazelia sp., Halicondrites elissa, Takakkawia lineata (84420 84429) Hazelia sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki (84421) Hazelia sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Takakkawia lineata (84415 84431) Hazelia sp., Leptomitus lineatus, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata (84425) Hazelia sp., Takakkawia lineata (84412 84418 84419 84422 84432 84433 84434 84435 84437) Hazelia sp., Wapkia grandis, Takakkawia lineata (84423) Ulospongiella ancyla, Pirania muricata (121958) Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata (121965) | |
Middle Cambrian | Canada (Brithish Columbia) | Hazelia sp., Pirania sp. (188664) Leptomitus sp. (188662) Leptomitus sp., Wapkia sp. (188661) | |
Middle Cambrian | USA (Utah) | Choia carteri, Choia ridleyi, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Hamptonia parva (106179) | |
Middle Cambrian | Canada (British Columbia) | Leptomitus sp. (171308) | |
St Davids | Spain | Leptomitus lineatus (55501) | |
St Davids | Spain (Zaragoza) | Leptomitus conicus (90546) | |
St Davids | USA (Utah) | Choia carteri, Choia utahensis (121233) Choia sp. (216) | |
St Davids | Canada (British Columbia) | Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Crumillospongia frondosa (122072) Hazelia sp. (215) Pirania sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Wapkia grandis, Falospongia ramosa, Crumillospongia frondosa (122017) Takakkawia sp., Choia carteri, Leptomitus lineatus, Pirania muricata, Hazelia delicatula (122094) | |
Mayan | Iran (Semnan) | Hazeliidae indet. (22822) | |
Menevian | USA (Utah) | Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia utahensis (56187) Crumillospongia sp., Halichondrites sp., Hazelia sp., Pirania sp. (230681) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia hindei, Leptomitus metta (56186) Hazelia palmata (7909) | |
Marjumian | USA (Utah) | Archaeoscyphidae indet. (261) Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia utahensis, Leptomitus metta (77206) Choia utahensis (56144) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia hindei, Leptomitus metta (77207) Hamptonia bowerbankia, Choia carteri, Choia hindei, Choia utahensis, Leptomitella metta, Hazelia palmata (230679) Hamptonia sp., Leptomitus sp., Choia sp. (260) Lenica hindei, Choia carteri, Choia utahensis (230682) | |
Tremadocian | Morocco | Hamptonia sp., Choiaella sp., Choia sp., Pirania auraeum, Hamptonia christi (96112) | |
Floian - Dapingian | Morocco | Choia sp., Pirania auraeum, Hamptonia christi (120549) | |
Llandeilo | United Kingdom (Wales) | Wapkia indet., Pirania sp., Xylochos sp. (216511) | |
Sandbian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Xylochos palindromica (120627 120628 120629) Xylochos palindromica, Pirania llanfawrensis (120626) | |
Caradoc | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Choiaella scotica (184250) | |
Maysvillian | Canada (Manitoba) | Trichospongiella hystrix (120497) | |
Llandovery | Canada (British Columbia) | Wareiella typicala (120573) | |
Wenlock | Canada (British Columbia) | Wareiella typicala (120526) | |
Lochkovian | USA (Tennessee) | Coniculospongia radiata (3595) Coniculospongia radiata, Ginkgospongia foliata (3600) Ginkgospongia foliata (3597) | |
Pragian | Australia (New South Wales) | Coelocladiella sp. (25698) | |
Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Gemuenden) | Choia sp. (26903) | |
Frasnian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | Sphaeriella sp. (3752 3753 3754 3766) | |
Early/Lower Famennian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | Sphaeriella sp. (3385 3386) | |
Middle Famennian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | Sphaeriella sp. (3394) | |
Chadian - Arundian | USA (Alabama) | Sphaeriella radiata (5872) | |
Bashkirian | Spain (Leon) | Heliospongia excavata (39855) | |
Westphalian A | United Kingdom (Flintshire) | Rhizopsis sp. (233399 233402) | |
Atokan - Desmoinesian | USA (Colorado) | Heliospongiidae indet. (121000) | |
Moscovian | USA (Illinois) | Pohlispongia monosphaera (62061) | |
Moscovian | Spain (Palencia) | Coelocladia spinosa (39856) | |
Kasimovian | Spain (Asturias) | Coelocladia spinosa (39857) | |
Missourian | USA (Texas) | Coelocladia spinosa (159900) Heliospongia excavata (111698 111700) Heliospongia excavata, Coelocladia spinosa (111697) Heliospongia excavata, Luterospongia texana (111699) | |
Gzhelian | USA (Texas) | Coelocladiella lissa (43453) | |
Gzhelian | USA (New Mexico) | Heliospongia sp. (34658) | |
Asselian | USA (Texas) | Coelocladiella philoconcha (43479 43482) Heliospongia ramosa (43475) Heliospongia vokesi (43468) | |
Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | Heliospongia ramosa (43555) Heliospongia vokesi (43571 43573) | |
Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Heliospongia ramosa (43568) Heliospongia vokesi (81688 105720 108366) Heliospongia vokesi, Heliospongia ramosa (43540) | |
Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Heliospongia sp. (43497) Heliospongia vokesi (43496 43534 81610 108363 108371 108373 108386 108388) | |
Guadalupian | China (Guizhou) | Heliospongia houchangensis (150591) | |
Guadalupian | China (Sichuan) | Coelocladia spinosa (150589) | |
Guadalupian | China (Jiangsu) | Heliospongia sp. (150590) | |
Roadian - Wordian | USA (Utah) | Lobatospongia nodensis (121153) | |
Wordian | Tunisia (Madanin) | Heliospongia finksi (41658) | |
Wordian | Italy | Heliospongia ramosa (75474) | |
Wordian - Capitanian | Tunisia (Madanin) | Heliospongia finksi (42092 42093) | |
Capitanian | USA (Texas) | Mckittrickella pratti (75975 75976) Monaxoradiata lamina (75969) | |
Capitanian | USA (New Mexico) | Heliospongia ramosa (47510 47536 47717 121940) Heliospongia vokesi (24203 47760 47765 47768 107698 121936) Neoheliospongia typica (47478 47481 47485 47518 47654 47659 47663 95715) | |
Capitanian | Tunisia (Madanin) | Heliospongia finksi (41661 41878 42020 42039 42079) | |
Wuchiapingian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Spitsbergenia patella (117799) | |
Wuchiapingian | China (Guangxi) | Coelocladiella giganta (107297) Coelocladiella intermedia (107292) Coelocladiella pachytheca (107300) | |
Changhsingian | Greece | Coelocladia sp. (74927) | |
Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | Neoheliospongia typica (107296) | |
Changhsingian | China (Sichuan) | Coelocladia sp. (36221) | |
Spathian | USA (Idaho) | Leptomitidae indet. (202145) | |
Spathian | USA (Nevada) | Pseudoleptomitus advenus (211747) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Halichondrites sp. (154138) | |
Tithonian | Russian Federation (Yaroslavl) | Stramentella helminthophora (116450) | |
Berriasian | Russian Federation (Moskovskaya Oblast) | Stramentella ostaschovensis (116451) | |
Valanginian | Russian Federation | Stramentella ostaschovensis (2515) | |
Turonian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Opetionella radians (110963) Rhizopsis horrida, Opetionella poculum (110531) | |
Campanian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Rhizopsis horrida (110530) | |
Bartonian | Spain | Opetionella sp. (61247) | |
Serravallian | Portugal | Tethyidae indet. (117021) | |
Pleistocene | Canada (Ontario) | Tethya logani (65331 65465 65894) |