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Entobia

Demospongiae - Clavulina - Clionaidae

Taxonomy
Entobia was named by Bronn (1838). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Entobia cretacea.

It was assigned to Ichnofossils by Hantzschel (1975); to Clionaidae by Finks et al. (2004); and to Entobiaidae by Maisch et al. (2020).

Species
E. cateniformis, E. cretacea (type species), E. laquea
Species lacking formal opinion data
E. cervicornis

Synonyms
  • Entobia was named by Bronn (1838). It is extant. It is considered to be a form taxon.

    It was synonymized objectively with Entobia by Novack-Gottshall (2022).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1838Entobia Bronn
1975Entobia Hantzschel
2004Entobia Finks et al. p. 40
2020Entobia Maisch et al. p. 130

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumPoriferaGrant 1836
classDemospongiae(Sollas 1875)
subclassClavaxinellidaLevi 1956
RankNameAuthor
orderClavulinaVosmaer 1887
familyClionaidaed'Orbigny 1851
genusEntobiaBronn 1838

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Entobia Bronn 1838
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†Entobia cateniformis Bromley and D'Alessandro 1984
†Entobia cretacea Portlock 1843
†Entobia laquea Bromley and D'Alessandro 1984
Invalid names: Entobia Bronn 1838 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
W. Hantzschel 1975Borings consisting of globular chambers (max diameter about 1 cm), mostly crowded, connected by very short slender canals (diam. 0.1-1.0 mm); walls of chambers with few small surface pores and penetrated by canals and by more slender holes, in steinkern preservation appearing as spines radiating from chambers; occurring in brachipods, pelecypods (particularly Inoceramus), ammonites, and belemnites.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: no hard partso
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yeso
Epibiont: yeso
Life habit: boringf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-04-21 12:16:08
Modified: 2009-04-21 14:16:08
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class
References: Whittington et al. 1997, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Middle Oxfordian to the top of the Holocene or 161.20000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (40 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Callovian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian164.7 - 150.8Iran (Tabas Area) E. sp. (41417)
Middle Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7France E. retiformis, E. laquea (11084 11085)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Lower Saxony) E. sp. (24127)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0United Kingdom E. cervicornis (68088)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Italy E. sp. (154046)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0France E. sp. (56673 58232)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46France E. sp. (58876)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0France E. sp. (58118)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6France E. sp. (56680)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9France E. sp. (56524 56528)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France E. sp. (57943)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Spain E. sp. (67610)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (California) E. sp. (167696 167697 167698)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (California) E. sp. (185368)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2Argentina (Chubut) E. sp. (57164)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Spain E. sp. (71633)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) E. sp. (3263)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Costa Rica E. sp. (121297)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian23.03 - 15.97Cyprus E. sp. (69774)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97USA (California) E. sp. (196138)
Aquitanian - Tortonian23.03 - 7.246Italy (Frosinone) E. sp. (222634)
Aquitanian - Tortonian23.03 - 7.246Italy (Caserta) E. sp. (222633)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97India E. sp. A, E. cateniformis, E. laquea (76317)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97France E. sp. (151413)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Maryland) E. sp. (79103 79110 79116)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Malta E. sp. (69896)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama (Darien) E. sp. (136993)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Malta E. sp. (131977)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Spain E. sp. (153717 153720)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (California) E. sp. (214286)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Jamaica E. convoluta, E. glomerata, E. geometrica, E. mammillata, E. megastoma, E. ovula, E. ichnospecies (80612)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Cayman Islands E. sp. (97605)