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Primates (primate)

Mammalia - Primates

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Primates Linnaeus p. 20
1758Simia Linnaeus p. 25
1758Simia apedia Linnaeus p. 25
1792Simia (Cercopithecus) sinicus pileatus Kerr
1795Pithecus Geoffroy and Cuvier
1800Simia pileata Shaw
1811Simia Illiger p. 67
1821Primates Gray p. 297
1825Primates Gray p. 337
1825Simia Gray p. 338
1850Primates Bonaparte p. 1
1862Cynamolgus (Zati) pileatus Reichenbach p. 131
1883Primates Flower p. 186
1891Primates Flower and Lydekker p. 92
1895Macacus pileatus Allen p. 185
1898Primates Gadow p. 52
1902Primates Hay p. 785
1910Primates Gregory p. 465
1924Pliopithecus posthumus Schlosser
1933Ceciliolemuridae Weigelt
1933Ceciliolemuroidea Weigelt
1975Primates McKenna p. 42
1979Primates Kielan-Jaworowska et al. p. 223
1986Primates Hooker p. 245
1988Primates Carroll
1989Primates Gunnell p. 147
1991Primates Beard
1991Primates Nowak
1999Primates Waddell et al. p. cover
2001Primates Frost
2001Primates Madsen et al. p. 612
2001Primates Waddell et al. p. 148
2005Primates Wilson and Reeder
2007Primates Bloch et al. p. 1162
2007Primates Gilbert
2007Primates Janecka et al.
2007Primates Wible et al.
2008Primates Chaimanee et al.
2010Primates Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1
2010Primates Silcox et al.
2019Primates Kay et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
Euarchonta
orderPrimates
orderPrimates

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Primates Linnaeus 1758 [primate]
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G. †Berruvius Russell 1964
+
Berruvius lasseroni Russell 1964
G. †Ceciliolemur Weigelt 1933
G. †Chasselasia Schwartz and Tattersall 1982
+
Chasselasia eldredgei Schwartz and Tattersall 1982
Subor. Cheiromyoidea Wortman 1903
+
Invalid names: Cheiromyidae Gray 1821 [empty]
Unr. Euprimateformes Bloch et al. 2007
+
Unr. Euprimates Hoffstetter 1978
+
G. †Altanius Dashzeveg and McKenna 1977
+
Altanius orlovi Dashzeveg and McKenna 1977
G. †Altiatlasius Sigé et al. 1990
+
Altiatlasius koulchii Sigé et al. 1990
Superfm. †Plesiadapoidea
+
Fm. †Carpolestidae Simpson 1935
+
Subfm. †Carpolestinae Russell 1964
+
G. †Carpocristes Beard and Wang 1995
G. †Carpodaptes Matthew and Granger 1921
+
Invalid names: Carpomegodon Bloch et al. 2001 [synonym]
G. †Carpolestes Simpson 1928
+
Invalid names: Litotherium Simpson 1929 [synonym]
G. †Elphidotarsius Gidley 1923
G. †Subengius Smith et al. 2004
G. †Chronolestes Beard and Wang 1995
+
Chronolestes simul Beard and Wang 1995
G. †Parvocristes Thewissen et al. 2001
+
Parvocristes oligocollis Thewissen et al. 2001
Invalid names: Chronolestinae Beard and Wang 1995 [empty]
Fm. †Picrodontidae Simpson 1937
+
G. †Draconodus Tomida 1982
+
Draconodus apertus Tomida 1982
G. †Picrodus Douglass 1908
+
Picrodus calgariensis Scott and Fox 2005
Picrodus canpacius Scott and Fox 2005
Picrodus lepidus Scott and Fox 2005
Picrodus silberlingi Douglass 1908
+
Invalid names: Megopterna minuta Douglass 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Megopterna Douglass 1908 [synonym]
G. †Russellodon Sigé and Marandat 1997
+
Russellodon haininense Sigé and Marandat 1997
G. †Zanycteris Matthew 1917
+
Zanycteris honeyi Burger 2013
Zanycteris paleocenus Matthew 1917
Fm. †Plesiadapidae Trouessart 1897
+
Subfm. †Asioplesiadapinae Fu et al. 2002
+
G. †Asioplesiadapis Fu et al. 2002
G. †Chiromyoides Stehlin 1916
+
Chiromyoides caesor Gingerich 1973
Chiromyoides campanicus Stehlin 1916
Chiromyoides gigas Burger and Honey 2008
Chiromyoides gingerichi Secord 2008
Chiromyoides kesiwah Beard et al. 2020
Chiromyoides major Gingerich 1975
Chiromyoides mauberti De Bast et al. 2018
Chiromyoides minor Gingerich 1975
Chiromyoides potior Gingerich 1975
G. †Jattadectes Thewissen et al. 2001
+
Jattadectes mamikheli Thewissen et al. 2001
G. †Megachiromyoides Weigelt 1933
+
G. †Nannodectes Gingerich 1975
+
Nannodectes gazini Gingerich 1975
Nannodectes gidleyi Matthew 1917
Nannodectes lynasi Lofgren et al. 2014
Nannodectes simpsoni Gazin 1956
G. †Platychoerops Charlesworth 1855
+
Platychoerops antiquus Boyer et al. 2012
Platychoerops boyeri De Bast et al. 2018
Platychoerops daubrei Lemoine 1880
Platychoerops richardsoni Charlesworth 1855
+
Invalid names: Miolophus planiceps Owen 1865 [objective synonym]
Platychoerops russelli Gingerich 1976
Invalid names: Miolophus Owen 1865 [objective synonym], Plesiadapis (Subunicuspidens) Lemoine 1887 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Plesiadapis Gervais 1877
+
Plesiadapis anceps Simpson 1936
+
Invalid names: Plesiadapis jepseni Gazin 1956 [synonym]
Plesiadapis berruensis Jehle et al. 2018
Plesiadapis churchilli Gingerich 1975
Plesiadapis cookei Jepsen 1930
Plesiadapis dubius Matthew 1915
+
Invalid names: Plesiadapis pearcei Gazin 1956 [synonym], Plesiadapis rubeyi Gazin 1942 [synonym]
Plesiadapis fodinatus Jepsen 1930
+
Invalid names: Plesiadapis farisi Dorr 1952 [synonym]
Plesiadapis insignis Piton 1940
Plesiadapis ploegi De Bast et al. 2018
Plesiadapis praecursor Gingerich 1975
Plesiadapis remensis Lemoine 1887
Plesiadapis rex Gidley 1923
+
Invalid names: Plesiadapis paskapooensis Russell 1964 [synonym]
Plesiadapis russelli Gingerich 1976
Plesiadapis simonsi Gingerich 1975
Plesiadapis tricuspidens Gervais 1877
+
Invalid names: Platychoerops georgei Hooker 1994 [synonym], Plesiadapis (Tricuspidens) gervaisii Lemoine 1887 [synonym]
Plesiadapis walbeckensis Russell 1964
Invalid names: Menatotherium Piton 1940 [synonym], Nothodectes Matthew 1915 [synonym], Plesiadapis (Ancepsoides) Russell 1964 [invalid subgroup], Plesiadapis (Tricuspidens) Lemoine 1887 [invalid subgroup], Plesiadapis chevillionii Lemoine 1880 [nomen nudum]
G. †Pronothodectes Gidley 1923
+
Pronothodectes gaoi Fox 1990
Pronothodectes jepi Gingerich 1975
Pronothodectes matthewi Gidley 1923
Invalid names: Platychoeropidae Lydekker 1887 [synonym]
Fm. †Saxonellidae Russell 1964
+
G. †Saxonella Russell 1964
+
Saxonella crepaturae Russell 1964
Saxonella naylori Fox 1991
Infraor. Haplorhini Pocock 1918 [monkey]
+
Unr. Anthropoidea Mivart 1864
+
Fm. †Afrotarsiidae Ginsburg and Mein 1987
+
G. †Afrasia Chaimanee et al. 2012
+
Afrasia djijidae Chaimanee et al. 2012
G. †Afrotarsius Simons and Bown 1985
+
Afrotarsius chatrathi Simons and Bown 1985
Afrotarsius libycus Jaeger et al. 2010
G. †Amamria Marivaux et al. 2014
+
Amamria tunisiensis Marivaux et al. 2014
Fm. †Amphipithecidae Godinot 1994
+
G. †Bugtipithecus Marivaux et al. 2005
+
Bugtipithecus inexpectans Marivaux et al. 2005
G. †Ganlea Beard et al. 2009
+
Ganlea megacanina Beard et al. 2009
G. †Krabia Chaimanee et al. 2013
+
Krabia minuta Chaimanee et al. 2013
G. †Myanmarpithecus Takai et al. 2001
+
Myanmarpithecus yarshensis Takai et al. 2001
G. †Pondaungia Pilgrim 1927
+
Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim 1927
+
Invalid names: Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert 1937 [synonym], Pondaungia savagei Gunnell et al. 2002 [synonym]
Pondaungia minuta Jaeger and Thein 1999
Invalid names: Amphipithecus Colbert 1937 [synonym]
Subfm. †Siamopithecinae Beard et al. 2009
+
G. †Siamopithecus Chaimanee et al. 1997
Superfm. Arctopithecini Huxley 1872
+
Fm. Hapalidae Wagner 1840
+
Invalid names: Callimiconinae Dollman 1937 [empty]
G. †Aseanpithecus Jaeger et al. 2019
+
Aseanpithecus myanmarensis Jaeger et al. 2019
Infraor. Catarrhini Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
+
Superfm. Cercopithecoidea Gray 1821
+
G. †Alophia Rasmussen et al. 2019
Fm. Cercopithecidae Gray 1821 [monkey]
G. †Nsungwepithecus Stevens et al. 2013
Fm. †Victoriapithecidae von Koenigswald 1969
Superfm. †Dendropithecoidea Harrison 2012
+
Fm. †Dendropithecidae Harrison 2002
Superfm. Hominoidea Gray 1825 [ape]
+
G. †Chororapithecus Suwa et al. 2007
G. †Ekembo McNulty et al. 2015
G. †Equatorius Ward et al. 1999
Fm. Hominidae Gray 1825 [ape]
+
Invalid names: Dryopithecidae [synonym], Oreopithecidae Schwalbe 1915 [synonym], Pongidae Elliot 1913 [synonym]
Fm. Hylobatidae Gray 1870 [gibbon]
G. †Langsonia Schwartz et al. 1995
Fm. †Proconsulidae Leakey 1963
G. †Rukwapithecus Stevens et al. 2013
G. †Samburupithecus Ishida and Pickford 1997
G. †Kalepithecus Harrison 1989
+
Kalepithecus songhorensis Andrews 1978
G. †Kamoyapithecus Leakey et al. 1995
+
Kamoyapithecus hamiltoni Madden 1980
G. †Kogolepithecus Pickford et al. 2003
+
Kogolepithecus morotoensis Pickford et al. 2003
G. †Pliobates Alba et al. 2015
+
Pliobates cataloniae Alba et al. 2015
Superfm. †Pliopithecoidea Zapfe 1961
+
G. †Lomorupithecus Rossie and MacLatchy 2006
Fm. †Pliopithecidae Zapfe 1961
Invalid names: Crouzeliidae Begun 2002 [empty]
Fm. †Propliopithecidae Straus 1961
+
G. †Aegyptopithecus Simons 1965
G. †Oligopithecus Simons 1962
G. †Propliopithecus Schlosser 1911
+
Invalid names: Aeolopithecus Simons 1965 [synonym], Moeripithecus Schlosser 1910 [synonym]
Superfm. †Saadanioidea Zalmout et al. 2010
+
Fm. †Saadaniidae Zalmout et al. 2010
Invalid names: Eucatarrhini Delson 1977 [empty], Kansupithecus Bohlin 1946 [nomen nudum], Krishnapithecus Ginsburg and Mein 1980 [nomen dubium], Krishnapithecus krishnaii Chopra and Kaul 1979 [nomen dubium], Nyanzapithecinae Harrison 2002 [empty], Propliopithecoidea Simons 1965 [empty]
Fm. †Eosimiidae Beard et al. 1994
+
G. †Ashaninkacebus Marivaux et al. 2023
+
Ashaninkacebus simpsoni Marivaux et al. 2023
G. †Bahinia Jaeger et al. 1999
+
Bahinia banyueae Ni et al. 2016
Bahinia pondaungensis Jaeger et al. 1999
+
Invalid names: Eosimias paukkaungensis Takai et al. 2005 [synonym]
G. †Eosimias Beard et al. 1994
+
Eosimias centennicus Beard et al. 1996
Eosimias dawsonae Beard and Wang 2004
Eosimias sinensis Beard et al. 1994
G. †Phenacopithecus Beard and Wang 2004
+
Phenacopithecus krishtalkai Beard and Wang 2004
Phenacopithecus xueshii Beard and Wang 2004
G. †Phileosimias Marivaux et al. 2005
+
Phileosimias brahuiorum Marivaux et al. 2005
Phileosimias kamali Marivaux et al. 2005
G. †Sungulusimias Metais et al. 2023
+
Sungulusimias unayae Metais et al. 2023
Superfm. Neopithecini Wortman 1903
+
Fm. Simiidae Bonaparte 1850
+
G. †Palaeosimia Pilgrim 1915
Invalid names: Cynocephalina Gray 1825 [empty]
Fm. †Oligopithecidae Simons 1989
+
G. †Catopithecus Simons 1989
+
Catopithecus browni Simons 1989
G. †Talahpithecus Jaeger et al. 2010
+
Talahpithecus parvus Jaeger et al. 2010
Infraor. †Parapithecoidea Schlosser 1911
+
G. †Arsinoea Simons 1992
+
Arsinoea kallimos Simons 1992
Fm. †Parapithecidae Schlosser 1911
+
G. †Biretia de Bonis et al. 1988
G. †Lokonepithecus Ducrocq et al. 2011
Subfm. †Parapithecinae Schlosser 1911
Subfm. †Qatraniinae Kay and Williams 1994
G. †Perupithecus Bond et al. 2015
+
Perupithecus ucayaliensis Bond et al. 2015
Infraor. Platyrrhini Geoffroy 1812 [monkey]
+
Fm. Atelidae Gray 1825
+
G. Alouatta Lacépède 1799 [howler monkey]
+
Invalid names: Mycetes Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. Ateles Geoffroy 1806
Subfm. Atelinae Gray 1825
G. Brachyteles Spix 1823 [woolly spider monkey]
G. Lagothrix Geoffroy [woolly monkey]
+
Invalid names: Gastrimargus Spix 1823 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alouattinae Elliott 1904 [empty]
Superfm. Ateloidea Gray 1825
+
Tr. Aotini Poche 1904
G. †Carlocebus Fleagle 1990
+
Carlocebus carmenensis Fleagle 1990
Carlocebus intermedius Fleagle 1990
Fm. †Cebidae Savage 1951
+
G. †Acrecebus Kay and Cozzuol 2006
Subfm. †Branisellinae Hershkovitz 1977
Subfm. Callitrichinae Gray 1821
Subfm. Cebinae
G. †Panamacebus Bloch et al. 2016
G. Saimiri Voigt 1831 [squirrel monkey]
+
Invalid names: Neosaimiri Stirton 1951 [synonym]
G. Sapajus Kerr 1792
Subfm. †Tremacebinae Hershkovitz 1974
Invalid names: Cebupithecinae Hershkovitz 1974 [empty], Saimiriinae Hershkovitz 1974 [empty], Stirtoninae Hershkovitz 1970 [empty]
G. †Chilecebus Flynn et al. 1995
+
Chilecebus carrascoensis Flynn et al. 1995
Fm. †Homunculidae Ameghino 1901
+
G. †Homunculus Ameghino 1891
+
Invalid names: Anthropops Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Ecphantodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Killikaike Tejedor et al. 2006 [synonym], Pitheculus Ameghino 1894 [synonym]
Subfm. †Soriacebinae Kay 2010
G. †Parvimico Kay et al. 2019
+
Parvimico materdei Kay et al. 2019
Fm. Pitheciidae Mivart 1865
+
G. †Antillothrix MacPhee et al. 1995
G. Cacajao Lesson 1840 [uakari]
+
Invalid names: Brachyurus Spix 1823 [replaced], Cercoptochus Gloger 1842 [synonym], Cothurus Palmer 1899 [synonym], Neocothurus Palmer 1903 [synonym], Ouakaria Gray 1849 [synonym], Uacaria Flower and Lydekker 1891 [synonym]
Subfm. Callicebinae Pocock 1925
G. Chiropotes Lesson 1840 [bearded saki]
G. †Mohanamico Luchterhand et al. 1986
G. †Paralouatta Rivero and Amedondo 1991
G. Pithecia Desmarest 1804 [saki]
Tr. Pitheciini Gray 1849
Invalid names: Xenotrichidae Hershkovitz 1970 [empty]
Fm. †Proteopithecidae Simons 1997
+
G. †Proteopithecus Simons 1989
+
Proteopithecus sylviae Simons 1989
G. †Serapia Simons 1992
+
Serapia eocaena Simons 1992
Invalid names: Paleopithecini Wortman 1903 [empty], Simiiformes Hofstetter 1977 [synonym]
Infraor. Tarsiiformes Gregory 1915 [tarsier]
+
Fm. †Archicebidae Ni et al. 2013
+
G. †Archicebus Ni et al. 2013
+
Archicebus achilles Ni et al. 2013
G. †Donrussellia Szalay 1976
+
Donrussellia gallica Russell et al. 1967
Donrussellia lusitanica Estravís 2000
Donrussellia provincialis Godinot 1978
Superfm. †Omomyoidea
+
Fm. †Omomyidae Gazin 1958
+
Subfm. †Anaptomorphinae Cope 1883
G. †Aycrossia Bown 1979
G. †Baataromomys Ni et al. 2007
G. †Gazinius Bown 1979
G. †Kohatius Russell and Gingerich 1980
Subfm. †Microchoerinae Lydekker 1887
+
Invalid names: Necrolemurinae Simpson 1940 [synonym], Pseudolorisinae Simpson 1940 [synonym]
Subfm. †Omomyinae Trouessart 1879
G. †Strigorhysis Bown 1979
Subfm. †Tarkadectinae Szalay and Lucas 1996
G. †Teilhardina Simpson 1940
+
Invalid names: Protomomys Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [synonym]
G. †Vastanomys Bajpai et al. 2005
G. †Yaquius Mason 1990
Fm. Tarsiidae Gray 1825
+
G. Carlito Groves and Shekelle 2010
+
Carlito syrichta Linnaeus 1758 [Philippine tarsier]
+
Invalid names: Tarsius carbonarius Heude 1898 [synonym], Tarsius fraterculus Miller 1911 [synonym], Tarsius philippensis Meyer 1894 [synonym]
G. Cephalopachus Swainson 1835
+
Cephalopachus bancanus Horsfield 1821 [Horsfield's tarsier]
G. †Hesperotarsius Zijlstra et al. 2013
+
Hesperotarsius sindhensis Zijlstra et al. 2013
Hesperotarsius thailandicus Ginsburg and Mein 1987
G. †Oligotarsius Ni et al. 2016
+
Oligotarsius rarus Ni et al. 2016
G. Tarsius Storr 1780 [tarsier]
+
Tarsius dentatus Miller and Hollister 1921 [Dian's tarsier]
Tarsius eocaenus Beard et al. 1994
Tarsius fuscus Fischer 1804
+
Invalid names: Tarsius fischerii Desmarest 1804 [objective synonym], Tarsius fuscomanus Fischer 1804 [objective synonym]
Tarsius lariang Merker and Groves 2006 [Lariang tarsier]
Tarsius pelengensis Sody 1949 [Peleng Island tarsier]
Tarsius pumilus Miller and Hollister 1921 [pygmy tarsier]
Tarsius sirindhornae Chaimanee et al. 2011
Tarsius spectrumgurskyae Shekelle et al. 2017
Tarsius supriatnai Shekelle et al. 2017
Tarsius tarsier Erxleben 1777
+
Invalid names: Didelphys macrotarsos Schreber 1778 [objective synonym], Lemur podje Kerr 1792 [synonym], Lemur spectrum Pallas 1778 [objective synonym], Macrotarsus buffonii Link 1795 [objective synonym], Tarsius daubentonii Fischer 1804 [synonym], Tarsius pallassii Geoffroy 1796 [objective synonym]
Tarsius tumpara Shekelle et al. 2008 [Siau Island tarsier]
Tarsius wallacei Merker et al. 2010 [Wallace's tarsier]
Invalid names: Macrotarsus Link 1795 [objective synonym]
G. †Xanthorhysis Beard 1998
+
Xanthorhysis tabrumi Beard 1998
Invalid names: Omomyiformes [empty]
G. †Megatarsius Weigelt 1933
Fm. †Micromomyidae Szalay 1974
+
G. †Chalicomomys Beard and Houde 1989
+
Chalicomomys antelucanus Beard and Houde 1989
G. †Dryomomys Bloch et al. 2007
+
Dryomomys dulcifer Chester and Beard 2012
Dryomomys millennius Secord 2008
Dryomomys szalayi Bloch et al. 2007
Dryomomys willwoodensis Rose and Bown 1982
G. †Foxomomys Chester and Bloch 2013
+
Foxomomys fremdi Fox 1984
Foxomomys gunnelli Secord 2008
Foxomomys vossae Krause 1978
G. †Micromomys Szalay 1973
+
Micromomys silvercouleei Szalay 1973
G. †Tinimomys Szalay 1974
+
Tinimomys graybulliensis Szalay 1974
+
Invalid names: Myrmekomomys loomisi Robinson 1994 [synonym]
Tinimomys tribos Chester and Beard 2012
Invalid names: Myrmekomomys Robinson 1994 [synonym]
Invalid names: Micromomyinae Szalay 1974 [empty]
Fm. †Microsyopidae Osborn and Wortman 1892
+
Subfm. †Microsyopinae Osborn and Wortman 1892
+
G. †Arctodontomys Gunnell 1985
+
Arctodontomys nuptus Cope 1882
Arctodontomys wilsoni Szalay 1969
G. †Craseops Stock 1934
+
Craseops sylvestris Stock 1934
G. †Megadelphus Gunnell 1989
+
Megadelphus lundeliusi White 1952
G. †Microsyops Leidy 1872
+
Microsyops angustidens Matthew 1915
+
Invalid names: Cynodontomys alfi McKenna 1960 [synonym]
Microsyops annectens Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Microsyops schlosseri Wortman 1903 [synonym]
Microsyops cardiorestes Gunnell 1989
Microsyops elegans Marsh 1871
+
Invalid names: Bathrodon typus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Mesacodon speciosus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Microsyops gracilis Leidy 1872 [synonym], Palaeacodon verus Leidy 1872 [synonym]
Microsyops knightensis Gazin 1952
Microsyops kratos Stock 1938
Microsyops latidens Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Notharctus cingulatus Loomis 1906 [synonym], Notharctus palmidens Loomis 1906 [synonym]
Microsyops scottianus Cope 1881
Microsyops speirianus Cope 1880
Invalid names: Bathrodon Marsh 1872 [synonym], Cynodontomys Cope 1882 [synonym], Mesacodon Marsh 1872 [synonym], Palaeacodon Leidy 1872 [synonym]
G. †Nanomomys Rose et al. 2012
+
Nanomomys thermophilus Rose et al. 2012
G. †Navajovius Matthew and Granger 1921
+
Navajovius kohlhaasae Matthew and Granger 1921
Subfm. †Uintasoricinae Szalay 1969
+
G. †Choctawius Beard and Dawson 2009
+
Choctawius foxi Beard and Dawson 2009
Choctawius mckennai Szalay 1969
G. †Niptomomys McKenna 1960
+
Niptomomys doreenae McKenna 1960
Niptomomys favorum Strait 2001
Niptomomys thelmae Gunnell and Gingerich 1981
G. †Uintasorex Matthew 1909
+
Uintasorex montezumicus Lillegraven 1976
Uintasorex parvulus Matthew 1909
Invalid names: Navajoviinae Gunnell 1989 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Microtarsioides Weigelt 1933
G. †Nosmips Seiffert et al. 2010
+
Nosmips aenigmaticus Seiffert et al. 2010
Fm. †Paromomyidae Simpson 1940
+
G. †Acidomomys Bloch et al. 2002
+
Acidomomys hebeticus Bloch et al. 2002
G. †Arcius Godinot 1984
+
Arcius fuscus Russell et al. 1967
Arcius hookeri López-Torres and Silcox 2018
Arcius lapparenti Russell et al. 1967
Arcius rougieri Godinot 1984
Arcius zbyszewskii Estravís 2000
G. †Dianomomys Tong and Wang 2006
+
Dianomomys ambiguus Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Edworthia Fox et al. 2010
+
Edworthia greggi Scott et al. 2023
Edworthia lerbekmoi Fox et al. 2010
G. †Ignacius Matthew and Granger 1921
+
Ignacius clarkforkensis Bloch et al. 2007
Ignacius fremontensis Gazin 1971
Ignacius frugivorus Matthew and Granger 1921
Ignacius glenbowensis Scott et al. 2023
Ignacius graybullianus Bown and Rose 1976
Subfm. †Phenacolemurinae Simpson 1955
+
Tr. †Phenacolemurini Simpson 1955
+
G. †Dillerlemur Robinson and Ivy 1994
+
Dillerlemur pagei Jepsen 1930
+
Invalid names: Parapheliscus bjorni Van Valen 1967 [synonym]
Dillerlemur robinettei Robinson and Ivy 1994
G. †Phenacolemur Matthew 1915
+
Phenacolemur archus Secord 2008
Phenacolemur fortior Robinson and Ivy 1994
Phenacolemur lapparenti Russell et al. 1967
Phenacolemur praecox Matthew 1915
Phenacolemur simonsi Bown and Rose 1976
G. †Pulverflumen Robinson and Ivy 1994
+
Pulverflumen magnificum Robinson and Ivy 1994
Tr. †Simpsonlemurini Robinson and Ivy 1994
+
G. †Elwynella Rose and Bown 1982
+
Elwynella oreas Rose and Bown 1982
G. †Simpsonlemur Robinson and Ivy 1994
+
Simpsonlemur citatus Matthew 1915
Simpsonlemur jepseni Simpson 1955
Invalid names: Palaechthonini Szalay 1969 [empty], Paromomyinae [objective synonym], Paromomyini Simpson 1940 [empty], Phenacolemur leonardi Storer 1990 [nomen dubium], Purgatoriinae Van Valen and Sloan 1965 [empty]
Subor. †Plesiadapiformes Simons and Tattersall 1972
+
Superfm. †Microsyopoidea
+
Fm. †Palaechthonidae Szalay 1969
+
G. †Anasazia Van Valen 1994
+
Anasazia williamsoni Van Valen 1994
Subfm. †Palaechthoninae Gunnell 1989
+
G. †Palenochtha Simpson 1935
G. †Premnoides Gunnell 1989
Subfm. †Plesiolestinae Gunnell 1989
+
G. †Phoxomylus Fox 2011
G. †Plesiolestes Jepsen 1930
+
Invalid names: Torrejonia Gazin 1968 [synonym]
Fm. †Picromomyidae Rose and Bown 1996
+
G. †Alveojunctus Bown 1982
+
Alveojunctus bowni Silcox et al. 2002
Alveojunctus minutus Bown 1982
G. †Picromomys Rose and Bown 1996
+
Picromomys petersonorum Rose and Bown 1996
Fm. †Toliapinidae Hooker et al. 1999
+
G. †Avenius Russell et al. 1992
+
Avenius amatorum Russell et al. 1992
G. †Sarnacius Hooker et al. 1999
+
Sarnacius gingerichi Russell 1981
G. †Toliapina Hooker et al. 1999
+
Toliapina lawsoni Hooker et al. 1999
Toliapina vinealis Hooker et al. 1999
Invalid names: Plesiadapis orsmaelensis Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [nomen dubium]
G. †Palaechthon Gidley 1923
+
Palaechthon alticuspis Gidley 1923
Palaechthon torrejonius Kay and Cartmill 1977
Palaechthon woodi Gazin 1971
Invalid names: Talpohenach Kay and Cartmill 1977 [synonym]
G. †Pandemonium Van Valen 1994
+
Pandemonium dis Van Valen 1994
Pandemonium hibernalis Fox et al. 2014
Fm. †Purgatoriidae Gunnell 1989
+
G. †Purgatorius Van Valen and Sloan 1965
+
Purgatorius coracis Fox and Scott 2011
Purgatorius janisae Van Valen 1994
Purgatorius mckeeveri Wilson Mantilla et al. 2021
Purgatorius pinecreeensis Scott et al. 2016
Purgatorius titusi Buckley 1997
Purgatorius unio Van Valen and Sloan 1965
Invalid names: Purgatorius ceratops Van Valen and Sloan 1965 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ursolestes Fox et al. 2015
+
Ursolestes perpetior Fox et al. 2015
Invalid names: Paromomyoidea Simpson 1940 [empty]
Subor. Prosimiae Milne Edwards
+
Invalid names: Limnotheriidae Marsh 1875 [empty]
G. †Rooneyia Wilson 1966
+
Rooneyia viejaensis Wilson 1966
Subor. Strepsirrhini Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
+
Infraor. †Adapiformes Hoffstetter 1977
+
Fm. †Adapidae Trouessart 1879
+
Subtr. †Adapina Trouessart 1879
+
G. †Cryptadapis Godinot 1984
Subfm. †Adapinae Trouessart 1879
+
G. †Adapis Cuvier 1822
G. †Adapoides Beard et al. 1994
G. †Leptadapis Gervais 1876
G. †Magnadapis Godinot and Couette 2008
G. †Microadapis Szalay 1974
G. †Protoadapis Lemoine 1878
G. †Pelycodus Cope 1875
+
Pelycodus danielsae Froehlich and Lucas 1991
+
Invalid names: Pelycodus schidelerorum Kihm 1992 [synonym]
Pelycodus eppsi Cooper 1932
Pelycodus jarrovii Cope 1874
Pelycodus savagei Gingerich 1977
G. †Sivaladapis Gingerich and Sahni 1979
+
Sivaladapis nagrii Prasad 1970
Sivaladapis palaeindicus Pilgrim 1932
Invalid names: Arisella Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium], Arisella capellae Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Adapoidea Trouessart 1879
+
Fm. †Notharctidae Trouessart 1879
+
Subfm. †Asiadapinae Rose et al. 2009
G. †Cantius Simons 1962
+
Invalid names: Hesperolemur Gunnell 1995 [synonym]
Subfm. †Cercamoniinae Gingerich 1975
Subfm. †Notharctinae Trouessart 1879
G. †Notharctus Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Hipposyus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium Marsh 1871 [synonym], Telmalestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinolestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Tomitherium Cope 1872 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pondaunginae Ciochon and Holroyd 1994
G. †Rouzilemur Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Smilodectes Wortman 1903
+
Invalid names: Aphanolemur Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym]
Subfm. †Caenopithecinae Szalay and Delson 1979
+
G. †Afradapis Seiffert et al. 2009
+
Afradapis longicristatus Seiffert et al. 2009
G. †Aframonius Simons et al. 1995
+
Aframonius dieides Simons et al. 1995
G. †Caenopithecus Rütimeyer 1862
+
Caenopithecus lemuroides Rütimeyer 1862
G. †Darwinius Franzen et al. 2009
+
Darwinius masillae Franzen et al. 2009
G. †Masradapis Seiffert et al. 2017
+
Masradapis tahai Seiffert et al. 2017
G. †Namadapis Godinot et al. 2018
+
Namadapis interdictus Godinot et al. 2018
Fm. †Ekgmowechashalidae Szalay 1976
+
Subfm. †Bugtilemurinae Rust et al. 2023
+
G. †Bugtilemur Marivaux et al. 2001
G. †Muangthanhinius Marivaux et al. 2006
G. †Ekgmowechashala Macdonald 1963
+
Ekgmowechashala philotau Macdonald 1963
Ekgmowechashala zancanellai Samuels et al. 2015
G. †Gatanthropus Ni et al. 2016
+
Gatanthropus micros Ni et al. 2016
G. †Palaeohodites Rust et al. 2023
+
Palaeohodites naduensis Rust et al. 2023
G. †Lushius Chow 1961
+
Lushius qinlinensis Chow 1961
G. †Mahgarita Wilson and Szalay 1976
+
Mahgarita stevensi Wilson and Szalay 1976
Invalid names: Margarita Wilson and Szalay 1976 [replaced]
G. †Mescalerolemur Kirk and Williams 2011
+
Mescalerolemur horneri Kirk and Williams 2011
G. †Omanodon Gheerbrant et al. 1993
+
Omanodon minor Gheerbrant et al. 1993
Subfm. †Pronycticebinae Godinot 1998
+
G. †Pronycticebus Grandidier 1904
+
Pronycticebus gaudryi Grandidier 1904
Pronycticebus neglectus Thalmann et al. 1989
Fm. †Sivaladapidae Thomas and Verma 1979
+
Subfm. †Anthradapinae Chavasseau et al. 2019
+
G. †Anthradapis Chavasseau et al. 2019
Subfm. †Hoanghoniinae Gingerich et al. 1994
+
G. †Hoanghonius Zdansky 1930
G. †Rencunius Gingerich et al. 1994
G. †Wailekia Ducrocq et al. 1995
G. †Kyitchaungia Beard et al. 2007
+
Kyitchaungia takaii Beard et al. 2007
G. †Laomaki Ni et al. 2016
+
Laomaki yunnanensis Ni et al. 2016
G. †Paukkaungia Beard et al. 2007
+
Paukkaungia parva Beard et al. 2007
G. †Siamoadapis Chaimanee et al. 2008
+
Siamoadapis maemohensis Chaimanee et al. 2008
Subfm. †Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979
+
G. †Guangxilemur Qi and Beard 1998
G. †Indraloris Lewis 1933
G. †Ramadapis Gilbert et al. 2017
G. †Sinoadapis Wu and Pan 1985
G. †Yunnanadapis Ni et al. 2016
+
Yunnanadapis folivorus Ni et al. 2016
Yunnanadapis imperator Ni et al. 2016
G. †Sulaimanius Gunnell et al. 2012
+
Sulaimanius arifi Gunnell et al. 2008
Invalid names: Sulaimania Gunnell et al. 2008 [replaced]
Invalid names: Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979 [empty]
Fm. †Azibiidae Gingerich 1976
+
G. †Algeripithecus Godinot and Mahboubi 1992
+
Algeripithecus minutus Godinot and Mahboubi 1992
G. †Azibius Sudre 1975
+
Azibius trerki Sudre 1975
+
Invalid names: Dralestes hammadaensis Tabuce et al. 2004 [synonym], Tabelia hammadae Godinot and Mahboubi 1994 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dralestes Tabuce et al. 2004 [synonym], Tabelia Godinot and Mahboubi 1994 [synonym]
Fm. †Djebelemuridae Hartenberger and Marandat 1992
+
G. †Djebelemur Hartenberger and Marandat 1992
+
Djebelemur martinezi Hartenberger and Marandat 1992
G. †Karanisia Seiffert et al. 2003
+
Karanisia arenula Jaeger et al. 2010
Karanisia clarki Seiffert et al. 2003
Infraor. Lemuriformes Gregory 1915 [lemur]
+
Unr. Chiromyiformes Anthony and Coupin 1931
+
Fm. Daubentoniidae Gray 1863
+
G. Daubentonia Geoffroy 1795 [aye aye]
+
Invalid names: Cheiromys Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Cheyromis Geoffroy 1803 [synonym], Chiromys Illiger 1811 [synonym], Myslemur Blainville 1846 [synonym], Myspithecus Blainville 1839 [synonym], Psilodactylus Oken 1816 [synonym], Scoleophagus Geoffroy 1785 [synonym]
G. †Plesiopithecus Simons 1992
+
Plesiopithecus teras Simons 1992
G. †Propotto Simpson 1967
+
Propotto leakeyi Simpson 1967
Superfm. Lemuroidea Mivart 1864
+
Fm. †Archaeolemuridae Grandidier 1905 [monkey lemur]
+
G. †Archaeolemur Filhol 1895
G. †Hadropithecus Lorenz von Libernau 1901
Fm. Cheirogaleidae Gray 1873
+
G. Allocebus Petter-Rousseaux and Petter 1967
G. Cheirogaleus Geoffroy 1812 [dwarf lemur]
+
Invalid names: Altililemur Elliot 1913 [synonym], Cebugale Lesson 1840 [synonym], Mioxicebus Lesson 1840 [synonym], Myspithecus Cuvier 1842 [synonym], Opolemur Gray 1872 [synonym]
G. Microcebus Geoffroy 1827 [mouse lemur]
+
Invalid names: Azema Gray 1870 [synonym], Gliscebus Lesson 1840 [synonym], Murilemur Gray 1870 [synonym], Myocebus Wagner 1841 [synonym], Myscebus Lesson 1840 [synonym], Scartes Swainson 1835 [synonym]
G. Mirza Gray 1870 [dwarf lemur]
G. Phaner Gray 1870
Fm. Indriidae Burnett 1828
+
G. Avahi Jourdan 1834 [avahi]
+
Invalid names: Habrocebus Wagner 1839 [synonym], Iropocus Gloger 1841 [synonym], Microrhynchus Jourdan 1834 [replaced], Semnocebus Lesson 1840 [synonym]
G. Indri Geoffroy and Cuvier 1796 [indri]
+
Invalid names: Indrium Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Lichanotus Illiger 1811 [synonym], Pithelemur Lesson 1840 [synonym]
G. Propithecus Bennett 1832 [sifaka]
+
Invalid names: Macromerus Smith 1833 [synonym]
Fm. Lemuridae Gray 1821
+
G. Eulemur Simons and Rumpler 1988 [true lemur]
G. Hapalemur Geoffroy 1851
+
Invalid names: Prolemur Gray 1870 [synonym]
G. Lemur Linnaeus 1758 [ring-tailed lemur]
+
Invalid names: Catta Link 1806 [synonym], Maki Muirhead 1819 [synonym], Mococo Trouessart 1878 [synonym], Procebus Storr 1780 [synonym], Prosimia Brisson 1762 [synonym]
G. †Pachylemur Lamberton 1948
G. Varecia Gray 1863 [ruffed lemur]
Invalid names: Chiromyina Gray 1825 [empty], Galagonina Gray 1825 [empty], Lemurinae Gray 1825 [empty], Lichanotina Gray 1825 [empty], Loridina Gray 1825 [empty], Tarsiina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Fm. Lepilemuridae Gray 1870
+
G. Lepilemur Geoffroy 1851 [sportive lemur]
+
Invalid names: Galeocebus Wagner 1855 [synonym], Mixocebus Peters 1875 [synonym]
Fm. Megaladapidae Forsyth Major 1894
+
G. †Megaladapis Forsyth Major 1894
Fm. †Palaeopropithecidae Tattersall 1973
+
G. †Archaeoindris Standing 1908
G. †Babakotia Godfrey et al. 1990
G. †Mesopropithecus Standing 1905
G. †Palaeopropithecus Grandidier 1899
Invalid names: Indridae Burnett 1828 [empty], Megalapidae [empty], Nesopithecidae Major 1896 [empty]
Invalid names: Cheirogaleoidea Gray 1872 [empty], Indrioidea [empty]
Infraor. Lorisiformes Gregory 1915
+
Superfm. †Lorisoidea
+
Fm. Galagidae Mivart 1864 [galago]
+
G. Euoticus Gray 1863 [needle-clawed bushbaby]
G. Galago Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1796
G. Galagoides Smith 1833
Subfm. †Kombinae Harrison 2010
G. Otolemur Coquerel 1859
G. Paragalago Masters et al. 2017
G. †Progalago MacInnes 1943
G. †Saharagalago Seiffert et al. 2003
G. Sciurocheirus Gray 1872
G. †Wadilemur Simons 1997
Fm. Lorisidae Gray 1821 [loris]
+
Subfm. Lorisinae Gray 1821
Subfm. †Mioeuoticinae Harrison 2010
G. †Namaloris Pickford 2015
Subfm. Perodictinae Gray 1870
Invalid names: Ceciliolemuridae Weigelt 1933 [invalid subgroup], Ceciliolemuroidea Weigelt 1933 [invalid subgroup], Lemures Hubrecht [empty], Pithecus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [nomen nudum], Plesitarsiiformes Gingerich 1974 [empty], Pliopithecus posthumus Schlosser 1924 [nomen dubium], Prosimii Illiger 1811 [empty], Simia Linnaeus 1758 [nomen nudum], Simia (Cercopithecus) sinicus pileatus Kerr 1792 [nomen dubium], Simia apedia Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Simiolemuriformes [empty], Tarsii [empty], Tupaioidea Dobson 1882 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 4.5 kgs
Minimum body mass: 30 gg
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: arborealo
Diet: omnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999 o
Created: 2005-08-26 13:27:51
Modified: 2005-08-26 15:27:51
Source: s = species, g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Legendre 1988, Kay and Cozzuol 2006, Meldrum and Kay 1997, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Nowak 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pu1 to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 63.3 Ma

Collections (2463 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pu166.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Purgatorius janisae, Purgatorius mckeeveri (14762)
Pu366.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Purgatorius mckeeveri (218647) Purgatorius mckeeveri, Purgatorius unio (14738)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Purgatorius ceratops (14741) Purgatorius coracis (193844) Purgatorius unio, Plesiadapidae indet. (14766) Ursolestes perpetior, Plesiadapidae indet., Purgatorius sp. (14809)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3Canada (Alberta) Pandemonium hibernalis (174625)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3Canada (Saskatchewan) Purgatorius sp. (14768)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Purgatorius pinecreeensis (14764)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (North Dakota) Ignacius frugivorus, Plesiadapis rex, Carpodaptes cygneus, Carpodaptes hobackensis (14962)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Belgium (Hainaut) Russellodon haininense (132949)
To263.3 - 61.7Canada (Alberta) Edworthia lerbekmoi (99007) Plesiolestes problematicus, Palenochtha minor, Pronothodectes matthewi, Ignacius fremontensis, Picrodontidae indet., Ignacius frugivorus (14894)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (Montana) Palaechthon alticuspis, Palenochtha minor, Picrodus silberlingi, Pronothodectes matthewi, Elphidotarsius florencae, Paromomys depressidens, Paromomys maturus (14906) Palaechthon alticuspis, Picrodus silberlingi, Paromomys maturus (14913) Paromomys maturus (14885) Picrodus silberlingi, Pronothodectes matthewi (14876) Picrodus silberlingi, Pronothodectes matthewi, Elphidotarsius florencae (14874)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (New Mexico) Anasazia williamsoni, Plesiolestes wilsoni (14873) Palaechthon torrejonius (14865) Palaechthon woodi, Palaechthon torrejonius, Palaechthon sp. (14816) Palaechthon woodi, Paromomys sp. (14859) Palaechthon woodi, Plesiolestes wilsoni (14893) Torrejonia wilsoni (14833 14868 187009)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (Texas) Navajovius kohlhaasae, Chiromyoides minor (14975) Palaechthon nacimienti (14887) Palaechthon woodi (14948) Zanycteris sp., Navajovius kohlhaasae, Plesiadapis gidleyi, Chiromyoides caesor, Phenacolemur frugivorus (14956)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (Utah) Draconodus apertus, Palaechthon sp., Paromomys depressidens (14830)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7USA (Wyoming) Palaechthon problematicus, Palenochtha weissae, Picrodus silberlingi, Paromomys depressidens, Paromomys maturus, Palenochtha minor (14886) Palenochtha minor, Palenochtha sp., Pronothodectes jepi, Picrodus silberlingi, Palaechthon sp. (14898) Paromomys depressidens, Paromomys maturus, Palaechthon sp. (14904) Paromomys maturus (14903) Plesiolestes problematicus, Palenochtha minor, Premnoides douglassi, Picrodus silberlingi, Pronothodectes jepi, Elphidotarsius florencae, Paromomys depressidens, Ignacius fremontensis (14912) Pronothodectes jepi (14881) Pronothodectes jepi, Palaechthon sp. (14896) Pronothodectes jepi, Paromomys maturus, Palaechthon sp. (14905)
Torrejonian63.3 - 61.7Canada (Alberta) Palaechthon sp. (14828) Plesiolestes problematicus, Pronothodectes matthewi, Ignacius fremontensis, Ignacius frugivorus (143200) Pronothodectes sp. (14822)
Torrejonian - Tiffanian63.3 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Palaechthon alticuspis, Plesiolestes sp., Plesiadapidae indet. (14851) Paromomys sp. (14858) Plesiadapis sp. (14852 14854) Plesiolestes sp. (14853)
Ti161.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Phoxomylus puncticuspis, Plesiadapis praecursor, Plesiadapis anceps, Pronothodectes sp., Nannodectes intermedius, Carpodaptes hazelae, Elphidotarsius russelli, Paromomys depressidens, Plesiolestes sirokyi, Picrodus silberlingi, Ignacius fremontensis, Ignacius frugivorus (14939) Plesiadapis praecursor, Plesiadapis sp., Ignacius glenbowensis (14938 195856)
Ti161.7 - 56.8USA (Montana) Plesiadapis praecursor (15026)
Ti361.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Micromomys fremdi, Zanycteris paleocenus, Carpodaptes hazelae, Elphidotarsius wightoni, Ignacius frugivorus, Microsyopidae indet., Picrodus sp., Plesiadapis rex, Saxonella crepaturae (14992) Plesiadapis rex, Pronothodectes gaoi, Saxonella sp., Carpodaptes hazelae, Elphidotarsius wightoni, Ignacius frugivorus, Plesiolestes sirokyi (14928)
Ti361.7 - 56.8USA (Colorado) Nannodectes simpsoni (99821)