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Hyolitha
Taxonomy
Hyolitha was named by Marek (1963).
It was reranked as the class Hyolitha by Malinky (1990), Wotte (2006) and Malinky and Yochelson (2007).
It was assigned to Metazoa by Sepkoski (2002); to Mollusca by Malinky (1990), Wotte (2006) and Malinky and Yochelson (2007); and to Lophophorata by Moysiuk et al. (2017).
It was reranked as the class Hyolitha by Malinky (1990), Wotte (2006) and Malinky and Yochelson (2007).
It was assigned to Metazoa by Sepkoski (2002); to Mollusca by Malinky (1990), Wotte (2006) and Malinky and Yochelson (2007); and to Lophophorata by Moysiuk et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1963 | Hyolitha Marek |
| 1990 | Hyolitha Malinky p. 229 |
| 2002 | Hyolitha Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Hyolitha Wotte p. 153 |
| 2007 | Hyolitha Malinky and Yochelson p. 521 |
| 2017 | Hyolitha Moysiuk et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Ph. †Hyolitha Marek 1963
show all | hide all
Or. †Hyolithida Mathew 1962
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G. †Aimitus
Subor. †Aladracina Geyer 2018
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Fm. †Aladracidae Geyer 2018
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G. †Aladraco Geyer 2018
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†Aladraco kirchhainensis Geyer and Malinky 2020
†Aladraco schloppensis Wurm 1925
G. †Oxyprymna Kiderlen 1933
G. †Altaicornus
G. †Amydaicornus
G. †Anabaricornus
G. †Angusticornus
G. †Atdabanithes
Fm. †Australothecidae Malinky 2009
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G. †Australotheca Malinky 2009
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†Australotheca kirkbyi Howse 1857
†Australotheca lanceolata Morris 1845
G. †Borealicornus
G. †Brevilabiatus
Fm. †Carinolithidae Valent et al. 2011
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G. †Carinolithes Sysoev 1958
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†Carinolithes bohemicus Valent et al. 2011
†Carinolithes pennatulus Holm 1893
G. †Cavernolites
Fm. †Crestjahitidae Syssoiev 1968
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G. †Crestjahitus Syssoiev 1968
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†Crestjahitus compressus Syssoiev 1968
†Crestjahitus delphus Resser and Endo 1937
†Crestjahitus distortus Syssoiev 1962
†Crestjahitus figuratus Rozanov et al. 1969
†Crestjahitus ornatus Syssoiev 1968
G. †Decipilites
G. †Doescherina
G. †Emarites
G. †Erraticornus
G. †Firmicornus
G. †Galicornus
G. †Glossolites Luo and Hu 1999
G. †Gompholites
G. †Goniocornus
G. †Grantitheca
Fm. †Hyolithidae Nicholson 1889
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G. †Elegantilites Marek 1966
G. †Hallotheca Malinky et al. 1987
G. †Haplophrentis Babcock and Robison 1988
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†Haplophrentis carinatus Matthew 1899
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Invalid names: Haplophrentis cecrops Walcott 1917 [synonym], Haplophrentis costatus Matthew 1901 [synonym]
†Haplophrentis reesei Babcock and Robison 1988
G. †Hyolithes d'Eichwald 1840
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†Hyolithes aclis Hall 1879
†Hyolithes acutus d'Eichwald 1840
†Hyolithes aliger Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes americanus Hall 1847
†Hyolithes amosi Gonzalez and Sabattini 1972
†Hyolithes aplatus Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes asteroideus Reed 1909
†Hyolithes cariniferus Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes columbanus Reed 1909
†Hyolithes conularioides Tate 1892
†Hyolithes daphnis Walcott 1905
†Hyolithes delia Walcott 1905
†Hyolithes dorbignyi Kozlowski 1923
†Hyolithes endoi Howell 1946
†Hyolithes exilis Resser and Howell 1938
†Hyolithes fuchouensis Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes gibbosus Hall and Whitfield 1872
†Hyolithes girvanensis Reed 1909
†Hyolithes hathewayi Mathew 1899
†Hyolithes immemor Reed 1909
†Hyolithes kuantungensis Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes mantouensis Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes minutissimus Yoo 1988
†Hyolithes multicinctus Bradley 1930
†Hyolithes multipunctatus Reed 1909
†Hyolithes obesus Holm 1893
†Hyolithes ornatellus Resser 1939
†Hyolithes paishanensis Endo 1937
†Hyolithes penkillensis Reed 1909
†Hyolithes primordialis Hall 1861
†Hyolithes sondai Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes sonora Lochman 1952
†Hyolithes tenuis Resser and Endo 1937
†Hyolithes terranovicus Walcott 1890
†Hyolithes vanuxemi Walcott 1884
†Hyolithes wanneri Resser and Howell 1938
†Hyolithus mimicus Cobbold 1931
†Hyolithus pallidus Cobbold 1931
Invalid names: Theca Morris 1845 [synonym]
G. †Nevadotheca Malinky 1988
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†Nevadotheca cybele Walcott 1905
†Nevadotheca excellens Billings 1872
†Nevadotheca heckeli Malinky 1988
†Nevadotheca princeps Billings 1872
†Nevadotheca whitei Resser 1938
G. †Sololites Marek 1967
G. †Yalarrnga Kruse 2002
Subor. †Hyolithina Mathew 1899
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Fm. †Sulcavitidae Syssoiev 1958
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G. †Ambrolinevitus Syssoiev 1958
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†Ambrolinevitus platyputeus Qian 1978
†Ambrolinevitus ventricosus Qian 1978
G. †Burithes Rozanov et al. 1969
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†Burithes cuneatus Rozanov et al. 1969
†Burithes distortus Syssoiev 1962
†Burithes elongatus Missarzhevskiy 1969
†Burithes erum Rozanov et al. 1969
†Burithes yunnanensis Hou et al. 1999
G. †Dorsolinevitus Syssoiev 1958
G. †Kulangarra Kruse 2002
G. †Sulcavitus
G. †Trapezovitus Syssoiev 1958
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†Trapezovitus sinscus Syssoiev 1958
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Invalid names: Trapezovitus minutus Syssoiev 1962 [synonym], Trapezovitus semicirculatum Syssoiev 1962 [synonym]
G. †Ingolitotheca
G. †Insignicornus
G. †Insolitotheca Landing and Bartowski 1996
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G. †Jacuticornus
G. †Jacutolitus
G. †Joachimilites
G. †Ketemecornus
G. †Kuonamkicornus
G. †Lenalitus
G. †Lirotheca
G. †Meitanovitus Qian 1978
Fm. †Nelegerocornidae Meshkova 1974
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G. †Microcornus Mambetov 1972
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†Microcornus egregius Demidenko 2001
†Microcornus elongatus Missarzhevsky 1980
†Microcornus eximius Duan 1984
†Microcornus parvulus Mambetov 1972
†Microcornus petilus Bengtson et al. 1990
†Microcornus pinyuis Duan 1984
†Microcornus simus Missarzhevsky 1974
G. †Neopauxillites
G. †Nitoricornus
G. †Notabilitus
G. †Oblisicornus
G. †Oxytus
G. †Parakolithes He et al. 1984
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†Parakolithes delicatus He et al. 1984
†Parakolithes mammillatus He et al. 1984
G. †Parakorilithes
G. †Parkula Bengtson et al. 1990
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†Parkula bounites Bengtson et al. 1990
†Parkula esmeraldina Skovsted 2006
G. †Patholites
G. †Pauxillites
Fm. †Pauxillitidae Marek 1967
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G. †Leolites Marek 1967
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†Leolites ardmillanensis Reed 1909
†Leolites candidus Reed 1909
†Leolites cognatus Marek 1967
G. †Planotheca
G. †Rarissimetus
G. †Rodentilites
Fm. †Similothecidae Malinky 1988
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G. †Similotheca Malinky 1988
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†Similotheca bastionense Malinky and Skovsted 2004
†Similotheca groenlandica Malinky and Skovsted 2004
†Similotheca similis Walcott 1890
Fm. †Slapylitidae Valent et al. 2017
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G. †Tajinella
G. †Tizilites
G. †Tulenicornus
G. †Virgatotheca
G. †Yacutolithuus
G. †Yankongovitus Qian 1978
Invalid names: Matthevina Fisher 1962 [empty]
Cl. †Hyolithomorpha
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G. †Calcitheca
G. †Dilites
G. †Eumorpholites
G. †Nervolites
G. †Ovalitheca
G. †Parahyolithes
Or. †Sulcavitida Qian 1989
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G. †Inflatatheca Qian et al. 2001
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†Inflatatheca campulla Qian et al. 2001
†Inflatatheca zhenbaensis Qian 1978
Fm. †Linevitidae Qian 1989
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Fm. †Parakorilithidae Qian 1989
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Fm. †Trapezovitidae Volkov 1975
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Or. †Toxeumorphorida
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G. †Macrotheca Waagen 1880
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†Macrotheca almgreeni Peel and Yochelson 1984
†Macrotheca wynnei Waagen 1880
Fm. †Toxeumorphoridae Shimansky 1962
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G. †Pseudotoxeuma Shimanskiy 1963
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†Pseudotoxeuma digitulus Shimanskiy 1963
†Pseudotoxeuma magnificum Shimanskiy 1963
Or. †Orthothecida Marek 1966
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G. †Aldanotheca
Fm. †Allathecidae Rozanov et al. 1969
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G. †Allatheca Rozanov et al. 1969
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†Allatheca concinna Rozanov et al. 1969
†Allatheca corrugata Rozanov et al. 1969
†Allatheca degeeri Holm 1893
†Allatheca minor Qian et al. 1979
†Allatheca nanjiangensis Yang and He 1984
G. †Ancheilotheca Qian 1978
G. †Brevitheca
G. †Carinitheca
G. †Chelsonella
Fm. †Circothecidae Rozanov et al. 1969
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G. †Circotheca Syssoiev 1958
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†Circotheca hamata Qian 1978
†Circotheca kuteinikovi Rozanov et al. 1969
†Circotheca longa Chen et al. 1981
†Circotheca punctata Qian 1978
†Circotheca smetanai Valent et al. 2012
†Circotheca stylus Holm 1893
†Circotheca transulcata Qian 1978
G. †Conotheca Rozanov et al. 1969
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†Conotheca australiensis Bengtson et al. 1990
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Invalid names: Conotheca laurentiensis Landing and Bartowski 1996 [synonym]
†Conotheca brevica Qian et al. 2001
†Conotheca circumflexa Rozanov et al. 1969
†Conotheca corniformis Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
†Conotheca curta Missarzhevsky 1980
†Conotheca dahaiensis Jiang, in Luo et al. 1982
†Conotheca ningqiangensis Qian et al. 2001
†Conotheca rotunda Qian et al. 2000
†Conotheca shennongjiaensis Duan 1984
†Conotheca subcurvata Yü 1974
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Invalid names: Circotheca longiconica Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca maidipingensis Yu 1974 [synonym], Circotheca multisulcata Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca nana Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca obesa Qian 1978 [synonym], Conotheca mammilata Rozanov et al. 1969 [synonym], Ovalitheca acuticostata Xing and Yue 1984 [synonym], Paracircotheca zhaojiabaensis Qian 1989 [synonym]
Invalid names: Edgetheca Rozanov et al. 1969 [synonym]
G. †Paragloborilus Qian 1977
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†Paragloborilus circulatus Qian and Zhang 1983
†Paragloborilus condensatus Duan 1984
†Paragloborilus pygmaeus Duan 1984
†Paragloborilus sichuanensis Yue and He 1989
†Paragloborilus songbaiensis Duan 1984
†Paragloborilus spinatus Qian and Xiao 1984
†Paragloborilus subglobosus Qian 1977
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Invalid names: Globoritubulus monocurvatus Qian and Zhang 1985 [synonym]
†Paragloborilus tenuis Duan 1984
Invalid names: Salanytheca Missarzhevsky 1980 [synonym]
G. †Turcutheca Rozanov et al. 1969
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†Turcutheca annae Syssoiev 1959
†Turcutheca cotuiensis Syssoiev 1959
†Turcutheca crasseocochlia Syssoiev 1962
†Turcutheca lubrica Qian 1978
†Turcutheca maxima Chen et al. 1981
†Turcutheca praelinguis Jiang 1980
Invalid names: Larawidae Kruse 1990 [replaced]
G. †Curtitheca
G. †Devoniotheca
G. †Ebianotheca
G. †Eonovitatus
G. †Girvanolithes Malinky 2003
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†Girvanolithes subexcavatus Reed 1909
†Girvanolithes thraivensis Reed 1909
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Invalid names: Hyolithus (Orthotheca) granuliferus Reed 1909 [synonym]
Fm. †Gracilithecidae Syssoiev 1972
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G. †Gracilitheca Syssoiev 1968
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†Gracilitheca mirabilis Valent et al. 2012
†Gracilitheca triangularis Valent et al. 2012
G. †Grandicornus
G. †Hexitheca
G. †Inflaticornus
G. †Isititheca
G. †Malykanotheca
G. †Minitheca
G. †Mooritheca
G. †Nikatheca
Fm. †Novitatidae Sysoyev 1968
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G. †Contitheca Syssoiev 1972
G. †Decoritheca Syssoiev 1968
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†Decoritheca canalis Resser and Endo 1937
†Decoritheca cyrene Walcott 1905
†Decoritheca glabrus Walcott 1911
G. †Foersteotheca
G. †Novitatus
Fm. †Orthothecidae Syssoiev 1957
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G. †Lentitheca Sysoyev 1958
G. †Orthotheca Novak 1886
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†Hyolithus (Orthotheca) holmi Cobbold 1931
†Hyolithus (Orthotheca) striata Cobbold 1931
†Orthotheca buelna Lochman 1952
†Orthotheca corrugata Matthew 1899
†Orthotheca daulis Walcott 1905
†Orthotheca doris Walcott 1905
†Orthotheca interstrialis Novak 1891
†Orthotheca shriveri Malinky 2009
†Orthotheca suavis Barrande 1872
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Invalid names: Orthotheca intermedia Novak 1886 [objective synonym]
†Orthotheca subornatus Reed 1909
†Orthotheca teretiuscula Linnarsson 1877
G. †Semielliptotheca Syssoiev 1958
G. †Trapezotheca Syssoiev 1958
+
†Trapezotheca aemulus Holm 1893
†Trapezotheca bicostata Rozanov et al. 1969
G. †Panitheca
G. †Plicitheca
G. †Renitheca
G. †Tcharatheca
G. †Tchuranitheca
G. †Tetratheca
Fm. †Triplicatellidae Liu et al. 2020
+
G. †Holoplicatella Clausen and Alvaro 2006
G. †Paratriplicatella Pan et al. 2019
G. †Triplicatella Conway Morris 1990
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†Triplicatella disdoma Conway Morris 1990
†Triplicatella opimus Yu 1974
†Triplicatella peltata Skovsted et al. 2004
†Triplicatella sinuosa Skovsted et al. 2004
Cl. †Orthothecimorpha
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Or. †Circothecida Sysoev 1968
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G. †Arathecus
G. †Asijatheca Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
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†Asijatheca probata Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
G. †Crossbitheca
G. †Extentitheca
G. †Khetatheca
G. †Kunyangotheca Qian 1978
G. †Leibotheca Qian 1978
G. †Mojczatheca
G. †Spinulitheca
Fm. †Turcuthecidae Missarzhevskiy 1989
+
G. †Uniformitheca
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†Uniformitheca aladzharica Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
†Uniformitheca ovaliformis Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 635.00000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (1092 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ediacaran | USA (Nevada) | Ladatheca sp. (7180) | |
| Manykaian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Lophotheca socialis (50316) | |
| Manykaian | Norway | Ladatheca cylindrica (51873) | |
| Meishucunian - Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Yunnan) | Circothecidae gen. et sp. indet (96431) Conotheca sp. (96317) Conotheca sp., Turcutheca ensiformis (96319) Conotheca subcurvata (96433 96451) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Shaanxi) | Conotheca sp. (51734 86549 86550 86551 86563) Conotheca subcurvata (86553 86554 86555 86556 86558 86560 86561 86564 86566 86570 86571 86620) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | Russian Federation (Sakha) | Ladatheca dorsocava (99461) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Sichuan) | Paragloborilus subglobosus (86618) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | Poland | Linevitus sp., Trapezovitus sp. (72260) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | India (Uttarakhand) | Circotheca sp., Turcutheca sp. (97716) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | Iran | Circotheca sp., Ladatheca sp. (10527 10528) Circotheca sp., Ladatheca sp., Allathecidae indet. (10529) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Artinskian | Russian Federation | Pseudotoxeuma magnificum (82081 117825) | |
| Artinskian | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | Pseudotoxeuma magnificum (117823) | |
| Wordian | Australia (New South Wales) | Theca lanceolata (133344 134048) Theca lanceolata, Illawarrotheca wilkesi (83172) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Madagascar (Diana) | Hyolithes sp. (119511) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Greenland | Macrotheca almgreeni (116373 116374 116375 116376 116377 116378 116379) Toxeumorphora langi, Macrotheca almgreeni (116372) | |
| Wuchiapingian | United Kingdom (England) | Theca kirkbyi (110500) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Australia (Queensland) | Hyolithes lanceolatus (97269) | |
| Changhsingian | Pakistan | Macrotheca wynnei (119659) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | Germany (Sauerland) | Costatheca lata (22727) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Costatheca striata (231725) | |