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Conotheca
Taxonomy
Conotheca was named by Rozanov et al. (1969) [Missarzhevsky in Rozanov et al. 1969; Sepkoski's age data: V N-Da-u Cm Boto-u Sepkoski's reference number: 268,885,1030]. Its type is Conotheca mammilata.
It was assigned to Calyptoptomatida by Duan (1984); to Circothecida by Sepkoski (2002); to Coleolidae by Malinky and Skovsted (2004); to Circothecidae by Rozanov et al. (1969), Azmi and Pancholi (1983), Bengtson et al. (1990) and Parkhaev and Demidenko (2010); and to Orthothecida by Landing and Bartowski (1996) and Kouchinsky et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Calyptoptomatida by Duan (1984); to Circothecida by Sepkoski (2002); to Coleolidae by Malinky and Skovsted (2004); to Circothecidae by Rozanov et al. (1969), Azmi and Pancholi (1983), Bengtson et al. (1990) and Parkhaev and Demidenko (2010); and to Orthothecida by Landing and Bartowski (1996) and Kouchinsky et al. (2017).
Species
C. australiensis (syn. C. laurentiensis), C. brevica, C. circumflexa, C. corniformis, C. curta, C. dahaiensis, C. mammilata (syn. Edgetheca aldanica) (type species), C. ningqiangensis, C. rotunda, C. shennongjiaensis, C. subcurvata (syn. Circotheca longiconica, Ovalitheca acuticostata, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca multisulcata, Circotheca nana, Paracircotheca zhaojiabaensis, Circotheca maidipingensis)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1969 | Conotheca Rozanov et al. pp. 134-135 |
| 1969 | Edgetheca Rozanov et al. p. 142 |
| 1983 | Conotheca Azmi and Pancholi p. 368 |
| 1984 | Conotheca Duan p. 162 |
| 1990 | Conotheca Bengtson et al. p. 213 |
| 1996 | Conotheca Landing and Bartowski p. 756 |
| 2002 | Conotheca Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Conotheca Malinky and Skovsted p. 570 |
| 2010 | Conotheca Parkhaev and Demidenko p. 931 |
| 2017 | Conotheca Kouchinsky et al. p. 391 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Conotheca Rozanov et al. 1969
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†Conotheca australiensis Bengtson et al. 1990
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Invalid names: Conotheca laurentiensis Landing and Bartowski 1996 [synonym]
†Conotheca brevica Qian et al. 2001
†Conotheca circumflexa Rozanov et al. 1969
†Conotheca corniformis Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
†Conotheca curta Missarzhevsky 1980
†Conotheca dahaiensis Jiang, in Luo et al. 1982
†Conotheca mammilata Rozanov et al. 1969
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Invalid names: Edgetheca aldanica Rozanov et al. 1969 [synonym]
†Conotheca ningqiangensis Qian et al. 2001
†Conotheca rotunda Qian et al. 2000
†Conotheca shennongjiaensis Duan 1984
†Conotheca subcurvata Yü 1974
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Invalid names: Circotheca longiconica Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca maidipingensis Yu 1974 [synonym], Circotheca multisulcata Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca nana Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca obesa Qian 1978 [synonym], Ovalitheca acuticostata Xing and Yue 1984 [synonym], Paracircotheca zhaojiabaensis Qian 1989 [synonym]
Invalid names: Edgetheca Rozanov et al. 1969 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. M. Malinky and C.B. Skovsted 2004 | Shell conical with circular cross−section and
transverse elements of sculpture on the exterior; aperture pla− nar and operculum with cardinal processes and circular ridges on interior. | |
| P. Y. Parkhaev and Y. Demidenko 2010 | "Narrow conical shell with circular cross-section. Initial part of shell slightly swollen. Aperture straight or almost straight. Ornamentation represented by prominent growth lines." |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Hendy 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Meishucunian to the top of the Dyeran or 530.70000 to 511.20000 Ma
Collections (220 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nemakit-Daldynian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | C. mammilata (50419) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | India | C. sp. (99560) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Hunan) | C. sp. (97715) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Shaanxi) | C. sp. (51734 86549 86550 86551 86563) C. subcurvata (86553 86554 86555 86556 86558 86560 86561 86564 86566 86570 86571 86620) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Yunnan) | Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata (8089) C. subcurvata (96432) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Hubei) | Circotheca longiconica (97556) | |
| Nemakit-Daldynian - Tommotian | China (Hubei) | C. sp. (155465) C. sp., C. subcurvata (155448 155462 155463 155464 155466 155467) | |
| Placentian | USA (Massachusetts) | C. mammilata (56834 56836) | |
| Early/Lower Cambrian | China (Shaanxi) | C. brevica (86613) C. subcurvata (86580 86581 86582 86583 86591 86592 86593) | |
| Cambrian | China (Yunnan) | C. subcurvata (201490 201511 201519 201548 201555 201556 201557 201558 201560 201561 201562 201563 201568 201573 201575 201576 201577 201578 201581 201582 201583 201584 201585 201586 201587 201588 201589 201592 201593) | |
| Meishucunian - Nemakit-Daldynian | China (Yunnan) | C. sp. (96317 96319) C. subcurvata (96433 96451) | |
| Meishucunian | China (Hubei) | Circotheca longiconica (107633) Circotheca nana (107635 107667) Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (106525) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica, Circotheca multisulcata (107634) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (107636 107666) Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica (107665 107789) Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (108415) C. mammilata, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (108414) C. obesa, C. sp., C. subcurvata (155446) C. sp. (155472) C. sp., C. subcurvata (155468 155469 155470 155471 155473 155474) | |
| Meishucunian | China (Sichuan) | C. subcurvata (108312) | |
| Meishucunian | China (Zhejiang) | C. sp. (108038) | |
| Meishucunian | China (Guizhou) | Circotheca obesa (106519) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata (106508) C. circumflexa, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (106512) C. mammilata, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica (106516) C. sp., C. circumflexa (106514) C. sp., C. circumflexa, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca nana (106513) | |
| Meishucunian | China (Shaanxi) | Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Ovalitheca acuticostata (107775) C. mammilata, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica (107791) C. mammilata, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (107790) | |
| Meishucunian | China (Yunnan) | C. sp. (108253 108254 108255 108256 108257 108258 108259 108260 108306 108310 108311) C. subcurvata (108309 201523) | |
| Meishucunian - Tommotian | China (Yunnan) | C. sp. (96285 96286 96289 96290 96292) C. subcurvata (96449) | |
| Tommotian | China (Hubei) | C. nana, C. obesa, C. transulcata, C. sp., C. subcurvata (155442 155444) C. nana, C. transulcata, C. sp., C. subcurvata (155441) C. sp. (155445) C. sp., C. subcurvata (155443 155447) | |
| Tommotian | USA (Massachusetts) | C. mammilata (56830) | |
| Tommotian | Russian Federation (Khabarovsk Krai) | C. mammitata (50314) | |
| Tommotian | Russian Federation (Yakutiya) | C. mammilata (10041 80952 90088) Edgetheca aldanica (96226) | |
| Tommotian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | C. mammilata (50429 232906 233198) | |
| Tommotian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarskiy Kray) | C. mammilata (80840) | |
| Tommotian | India | Circotheca obesa (87100) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca longiconica (140175) Circotheca obesa, C. dahaiensis (87099) | |
| Tommotian | China (Yunnan) | C. subcurvata (171900 171902) | |
| Tommotian | Russian Federation | C. mammilata (90091 233042) | |
| Tommotian | Kazakhstan | C. mammilata (99298 99315 99322 99323 99330 99331 99360 99361) | |
| Tommotian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | C. sp. (50319) | |
| Tommotian | Russian Federation (Yakutia) | C. mammilata (10067 96393) Edgetheca aldanica (45849) | |
| Atdabanian | Russian Federation (Yakutia) | C. circumflexa (10115) | |
| Atdabanian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | C. circumflexa (56855) C. curta (10114) C. mammilata (174248 174257) | |
| Atdabanian | China (Xinjiang) | C. rotunda (7826) | |
| Atdabanian | Australia (South Australia) | C. australiensis (96454 96918 96920 96931 96960 96966 97739 97741 97742 97744) | |
| Atdabanian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | C. australiensis (9351 9385 9386 9387 9389 9390 232701) | |
| Nangaoian | China (Shaanxi) | C. ningqiangensis (96505) | |
| Atdabanian - Botomian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | C. australiensis (9391) | |
| Atdabanian - Botomian | Antarctica (South Shetland Islands) | C. australensis (49691) | |
| Atdabanian - Lenian | Germany (Saxony) | C. circumflexa (6899) | |
| Branchian | United Kingdom (England) | C. sp. indet. (79932) | |
| Botomian | Kazakhstan | C. corniformis (99362) | |
| Botomian | Australia (South Australia) | C. australiensis (96916 96917 96932 96958 96959 97700 97701 97717) | |
| Botomian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | C. spp., C. mammilata (174258 174260) | |
| Lenian | Mongolia | C. curta (10113) | |
| Dyeran | USA (New York) | C. laurentiensis (78762 78763 78764 78765 78767) | |
| Dyeran | Greenland | C. australiensis (49456 49458 49459 49461 49462 49464 49465 49471 49473 67778 67781) | |
| Dyeran | Canada (Quebec) | C. laurentiensis (78753 78755) | |
| Dyeran | Greenland (Peary Land) | C. sp. 1, C. australiensis (210618) | |
| Dyeran | Greenland (Lauge Koch Land) | C. sp. 2 (220278) | |
| Dyeran | USA (Pennsylvania) | C. australiensis (97879) | |
| Toyonian | Australia (South Australia) | C. sp. (97986) | |
| Toyonian | Turkey (Konya) | C. australiensis (91535) |