PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pleciinae

Insecta - Diptera - Bibionidae

Taxonomy

Pleciinae was named by Duda (1930). It is extant. Its type is Plecia.

It was assigned to Bibionidae by Zhang (1989), Skartveit (2009), Pape et al. (2011), Nel et al. (2019), Skartveit and Ansorge (2020) and Skartveit and Wedmann (2021).

Subtaxa

Cascoplecia, Cretpenthetria, Fushunoplecia, Lichnoplecia, Plecia (syn. Epiplecia) (type genus), Protopenthetria

Synonyms

Cascopleciidae was named by Poinar (2010). It is not extant. Its type is Cascoplecia.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pleciinae by Pape et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Bibionoidea by Poinar (2010).
Fushunoplecia was named by Hong (2002).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Hong (2002) and Hong (2002).
Fushunoplecia eocenica was named by Hong (2002). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Xilutian coal mine, Fushun amber (post-1980 collection), which is in a Ypresian terrestrial amber in China.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Hong (2002) and Hong (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1930	Pleciinae Duda
1989	Pleciinae Zhang p. 328
2002	Fushunoplecia Hong p. 221
2002	Fushunoplecia eocenica Hong p. 221 figs. Pl 20, fig 1; text-fig 2.7.188-202
2009	Pleciinae Skartveit p. 10
2010	Cascopleciidae Poinar
2011	Pleciinae Pape et al.
2019	Plecinae Nel et al. p. 534
2020	Pleciinae Skartveit and Ansorge p. 169
2021	Pleciinae Skartveit and Wedmann p. 19

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825

Rank	Name	Author
class	Insecta
order	Diptera
—	Neodiptera	Michelsen 1994
infraorder	Bibionomorpha
superfamily	Bibionoidea
family	Bibionidae
subfamily	Pleciinae	Duda 1930
subfamily	Pleciinae	Duda 1930

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Pleciinae Duda 1930

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G. †Cretpenthetria Li et al. 2021

†Cretpenthetria burmensis Li et al. 2021

G. †Lichnoplecia Ren 1995

†Lichnoplecia kovalevi Ren 1995

G. Plecia Wiedemann 1823 [love bug]

†Plecia acourti Cockerell 1921

†Plecia aculeolata Zhang 1989

†Plecia akerionana Fitzgerald 1999

†Plecia amagua Cockerell 1925

†Plecia angustipennis Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia angustiventris Theobald 1937

†Plecia assonensis Gentilini 1993

†Plecia avus Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia axeliana Cockerell 1915

†Plecia baglii Gentilini 1991

†Plecia bivalvula Zhang 1993

†Plecia borussica Meunier 1904

†Plecia brunneipennis Piton 1939

†Plecia brunniptera Skartveit 2009

†Plecia bucklandi Heer 1849

Invalid names: Penthetria edwardsi Oustalet 1870 [synonym], Plecia dilatativentris Theobald 1937 [synonym], Protomyia elegans Heer 1856 [synonym], Protomyia gracilis Heer 1856 [synonym]

†Plecia cairnesi Rice 1959

†Plecia canadensis Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia capitata Zhang et al. 1994

†Plecia castellaroi Gentilini 1991

†Plecia chapuisii Oustalet 1872

†Plecia clavifemur Skartveit 2009

†Plecia collossea von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

Invalid names: Plecia imperialis Statz 1943 [synonym], Plecia philippi Statz 1943 [synonym], Plecia superba Meunier 1914 [synonym]

†Plecia conica Theobald 1937

Invalid names: Plecia haennii Gentilini 1993 [synonym]

†Plecia curtula Handlirsch 1910

Invalid names: Penthetria avunculus Handlirsch 1910 [synonym]

†Plecia decapitata Cockerell 1917

†Plecia dejecta Scudder 1890

†Plecia diatoma Zhang 1989

†Plecia dilatata Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia dubia Germar 1837

Invalid names: Helophilus primarius Germar 1837 [synonym], Plecia satyrus Statz 1943 [synonym], Protomyia abava von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym]

†Plecia dumasi Theobald 1937

†Plecia elatior Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia exigua Statz 1943

†Plecia explanata Cockerell 1917

†Plecia exposititia von Heyden 1865

†Plecia foersteri Theobald 1937

Invalid names: Plecia oviformis Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia splendida Theobald 1937 [synonym]

†Plecia fumosa Zhang et al. 1994

†Plecia gracilenta von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

†Plecia gracilentula Evenhuis 1994

Invalid names: Plecia gracilenta Zhang 1993 [replaced]

†Plecia gracillima Förster 1891

†Plecia gradata Melander 1949

†Plecia grossa von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

†Plecia hilaris Heer 1849

†Plecia hoffeinsorum Skartveit 2009

Invalid names: Plecia tenuicornis Skartveit 2009 [synonym]

†Plecia hypogaea von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

Invalid names: Plecia pulchella Meunier 1915 [synonym], Protomyia antenata von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym], Protomyia elongata von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym], Protomyia expositia von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym], Protomyia grandaeva von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym]

†Plecia inflata Hull 1960

†Plecia inflata Oustalet 1870

†Plecia intima Fujiyama and Iwao 1974

†Plecia jucunda Heer 1849

Invalid names: Protomyia affinis Heer 1849 [synonym]

†Plecia kanetakii Fujiyama 1970

†Plecia kelownaensis Rice 1959

†Plecia kudiella Cockerell 1925

†Plecia kuznetzovi Cockerell 1925

†Plecia larguensis Gentilini 1993

†Plecia livida Heer 1849

Invalid names: Plecia brevithoracis Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia cerestensis Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia constricta Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia flichei Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia fusciventris Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia goreti Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia maculitarsis Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia maculiventris Theobald 1937 [synonym], Protomyia brevipennis Heer 1856 [synonym]

†Plecia luctuosa von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

†Plecia ludongensis Hong and Wang 1985

†Plecia lugubris Heer 1849

†Plecia luteola von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

†Plecia lygaeoides Heer 1849

Invalid names: Bibio detractus Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia acutiventris Theobald 1937 [synonym], Plecia guinieri Theobald 1937 [synonym], Protomyia latipennis Heer 1849 [synonym]

†Plecia macilenta Skartveit and Pika 2014

†Plecia macrocephala von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

Invalid names: Protomyia schineri von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym]

†Plecia maimensis Gentilini 1993

†Plecia melanderi Cockerell 1911

†Plecia minutula Rice 1959

†Plecia morio Heer 1849

†Plecia myersi Peterson 1975

†Plecia nana Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia obsitula Cockerell 1925

†Plecia orycta Melander 1949

†Plecia oustaleti Brongniart 1876

†Plecia parisiensis Gee et al. 2001

†Plecia pealei Scudder 1890

†Plecia pennata Statz 1943

†Plecia pictipennis Handlirsch 1910

Invalid names: Penthetria lambei Handlirsch 1910 [synonym], Penthetria ovalis Handlirsch 1910 [synonym], Penthetria separanda Handlirsch 1910 [synonym]

†Plecia pinguis von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

Invalid names: Bibio brachypteroides Meunier 1915 [synonym], Plecia vulpina Statz 1943 [synonym], Protomyia lapidaria von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym]

†Plecia pisaurensis Gentilini 1991

†Plecia platoptera Zhang 1993

†Plecia platyptera Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia prisca Meunier 1899

†Plecia pristina Hardy 1971

†Plecia proserpina von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

†Plecia pulchra Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia pulla Handlirsch 1910

Invalid names: Penthetria brevipes Handlirsch 1910 [synonym]

†Plecia quaesita Novák 1878

†Plecia rectivenia Zhang 1989

†Plecia redempta Cockerell 1925

†Plecia reducta Handlirsch 1910

†Plecia refracta Cockerell 1925

†Plecia rhenana von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

†Plecia rhodopterina Cockerell 1925

†Plecia similkameena Scudder 1879

†Plecia sluiteri Meunier 1917

†Plecia solaris Zhang 1989

†Plecia spinula Zhang 1989

†Plecia sturmi Statz 1943

†Plecia stygia von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

Invalid names: Protomyia veterana von Heyden and von Heyden 1865 [synonym]

†Plecia tessella Melander 1949

†Plecia theobaldi Skartveit and Nel 2017

Invalid names: Bibio nigripennis Theobald 1937 [replaced]

†Plecia transitoria Handlirsch 1910

Invalid names: Penthetria falcatula Handlirsch 1910 [synonym], Penthetria fragmentum Handlirsch 1910 [synonym]

†Plecia tulameenensis Rice 1959

†Plecia undans Zeuner 1941

†Plecia vergnei Piton 1935

†Plecia villosa Zhang 1989

†Plecia volgeri Von Heyden 1859

†Plecia vulcania Zhang 1989

†Plecia winchesteri Cockerell 1917

†Plecia winnertzi von Heyden and von Heyden 1865

†Plecia woodruffi Cockerell 1916

Invalid names: Bibio cylindratus Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium], Clothonopsis Hong and Wang 1987 [nomen dubium], Clothonopsis miocenica Hong and Wang 1987 [nomen dubium], Epiplecia Giard 1879 [synonym], Plecia joannis Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium], Plecia larteti Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium], Plecia longipennis Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium], Plecia painvini Meunier 1915 [nomen dubium], Plecia pallida Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium], Plecia retracta Theobald 1937 [nomen dubium], Plecia rubescens Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium], Plecia sauvagei Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium]

G. †Protopenthetria Li et al. 2021

†Protopenthetria skartveiti Li et al. 2021

Invalid names: Cascopleciinae Poinar 2010 [synonym], Fushunoplecia Hong 2002 [nomen nudum]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Gelasian or 130.00000 to 1.80600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.45 Ma

Collections (127 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Barremian	130.0 - 125.45	China (Hebei)	Lichnoplecia kovalevi (107001)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Myanmar (Kachin)	Cascoplecia insolitis (104053)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Myanmar	Protopenthetria skartveiti, Cretpenthetria burmensis (161726)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Manitoba)	Plecia myersi (122354)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Plecia undans (113632)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Colorado)	Plecia winchesteri (105004)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	China (Liaoning)	Fushunoplecia eocenica (124820)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Oise)	Plecia parisiensis (123850) Plecia sp. (68174)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Canada (British Columbia)	Penthetria angustipennis, Penthetria reducta, Penthetria fragmentum, Penthetria curtula, Penthetria dilatata, Penthetria platyptera, Plecia transitoria (119857) Penthetria pictipennis (119896) Penthetria pictipennis, Penthetria pulchra, Plecia curtula (119863) Penthetria pulla, Penthetria brevipes, Penthetria pictipennis, Penthetria elatior, Penthetria falcatula, Penthetria nana, Penthetria separanda, Penthetria avunculus, Penthetria avus, Penthetria lambei, Penthetria ovalis, Penthetria transitoria, Penthetria canadensis, Plecia reducta (119864) Penthetria similkameena, Plecia canadensis, Plecia transitoria (112781) Plecia angustipennis, Plecia canadensis (120988) Plecia avus (121037) Plecia cairnesi (120992) Plecia cairnesi, Plecia reducta, Plecia avus, Plecia pictipennis (120991) Plecia curtula (120989 120990) Plecia curtula, Plecia reducta, Plecia canadensis, Plecia avus (120981) Plecia dilatata (121041) Plecia kelownaensis (119464) Plecia kelownaensis, Plecia avus, Plecia transitoria, Plecia pictipennis (120934) Plecia minutula, Plecia curtula, Plecia tulameenensis, Plecia reducta, Plecia similkameena, Plecia canadensis, Plecia transitoria, Plecia pictipennis (120943) Plecia pulchra (121046) Plecia reducta, Plecia pictipennis (121009) Plecia transitoria (121040) Plecia tulameenensis, Plecia reducta, Plecia avus, Plecia pictipennis (120940) Plecia tulameenensis, Plecia similkameena, Plecia canadensis, Plecia avus, Plecia transitoria (119895) Pleciinae indet. (31677)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	Plecia pealei (122174 122192 122193 187759)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Utah)	Plecia woodruffi (124691)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Colorado)	Plecia rhodopterina (122746) Plecia winchesteri (124625)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	Plecia dejecta (122090) Plecia sp. (21851)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Colorado)	Plecia akerionana (138790)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation	Plecia brunniptera, Plecia clavifemur, Plecia hoffeinsorum, Plecia prisca, Plecia tenuicornis (123419)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation (Kaliningrad)	Plecia borussica, Plecia prisca (123927) Plecia clavifemur, Plecia hoffeinsorum (217198) Plecia sp. 1, Plecia sp. 2, Plecia sp. 3, Plecia brunniptera, Plecia clavifemur, Plecia prisca (124517)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Ukraine	Plecia hoffeinsorum (217199)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	United Kingdom (England)	Plecia acourti (21976)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	France	Plecia angustiventris, Plecia foersteri, Plecia splendida (113709)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Plecia axeliana (113749) Plecia decapitata (122977) Plecia explanata, Hesperinus axelianus, Hesperinus melanderi, Plecia orycta, Plecia tessella (124624) Plecia gradata (106379) Plecia melanderi (144782)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	France (Gard)	Plecia angustiventris, Plecia foersteri, Plecia splendida, Plecia dumasi (122406)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	France (Auvergne Region)	Plecia splendida (31767)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	France	Plecia bucklandi, Plecia grossa, Plecia exposititia (121474) Plecia bucklandi, Plecia rhenana, Plecia luctuosa (122408) Plecia rhenana, Plecia grossa, Plecia lapidaria, Plecia gracillima, Plecia lygaeoides (121476) Plecia rubescens (121475) Plecia sp. 1, Plecia sp. 2, Plecia rhenana, Plecia pallida, Plecia stygia, Plecia grossa (121473)
MP 23	33.9 - 28.4	France	Plecia livida (157327) Plecia sp., Plecia bucklandi, Plecia splendida, Bibio painvini, Plecia livida, Plecia acutiventris, Plecia flichei, Plecia fusciventris, Plecia guinieri, Plecia goreti, Plecia brevithoracis, Plecia cerestensis, Plecia maculitarsis, Plecia maculiventris (122535) Plecia sp., Plecia constricta, Plecia goreti, Plecia maculiventris (122536)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	France	Plecia conica (184088) Plecia livida (184089) Plecia lygaeoides, Plecia livida (184090) Plecia maimensis, Plecia assonensis, Plecia larguensis (156997) Protomyia oustaleti (139949)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	France (Alpes-de-Haute)	Plecia conica, Plecia maimensis, Plecia assonensis, Plecia larguensis (184087) Plecia livida, Plecia maimensis, Plecia assonensis, Plecia larguensis (164936)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Germany	Plecia sp., Plecia lapidaria, Plecia foersteri, Plecia splendida, Plecia inflata, Plecia oviformis, Plecia conica, Plecia rubescens (122407)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	USA (Montana)	Plecia sp., Plecia inflata (132747)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	France (Auvergne)	Bibio edwardsii, Protomyia joannis (152487) Bibio lartetii (152491) Plecia pallida, Protomyia inflata, Bibio edwardsii, Bibio cylindratus, Bibio lartetii, Protomyia longipennis, Protomyia joannis, Protomyia sauvagei (127630)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	France	Plecia haennii (157308)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Montana)	Plecia sp. (120623)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	France (Bouches-du-Rhone)	Bibio nigripennis (122464)
MP 28	28.4 - 23.03	Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz)	Plecia dubia (71942)
MP 30	28.4 - 23.03	Germany	Helophilus primarius, Phthiria dubia (115802) Plecia rhenana, Protomyia luctuosa, Protomyia lapidaria, Protomyia hypogaea, Protomyia antenata, Protomyia abava, Protomyia collossea, Protomyia winnertzi, Protomyia proserpina, Protomyia macrocephala, Protomyia exposititia, Protomyia pinguis, Protomyia veterana, Protomyia grandaeva, Protomyia luteola, Protomyia schineri, Protomyia elongata, Protomyia gracilenta (123945) Protomyia luctuosa, Protomyia lapidaria, Protomyia winnertzi, Protomyia macrocephala, Protomyia exposititia, Protomyia grandaeva (154946)
MP 30	28.4 - 23.03	Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)	Bibiopsis volgeri (127628) Plecia superba, Bibio brachypteroides, Plecia pulchella, Protomyia hypogaea, Protomyia antenata, Protomyia sluiteri, Protomyia veterana, Protomyia elongata, Protomyia expositia (138696)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	France (Bouches-Du-Rhone)	Plecia bucklandi, Plecia splendida, Bibio morio, Bibio detractus, Plecia livida, Plecia gracilis, Plecia elegans, Plecia retracta, Plecia constricta, Plecia brevipennis (122509) Plecia bucklandi, Plecia splendida, Bibio morio, Bibio painvini, Bibio detractus, Plecia dilatativentris, Plecia livida, Plecia gracilis, Plecia elegans, Plecia constricta, Plecia guinieri, Plecia brevipennis, Plecia lygaeoides (138838) Plecia bucklandi, Plecia splendida, Plecia dilatativentris, Plecia livida, Plecia gracilis, Plecia elegans, Plecia guinieri, Plecia brevipennis (122501) Plecia livida, Plecia elegans (122511) Plecia rhenana, Plecia lapidaria, Bibio painvini (113712) Protomyia bucklandi (122878) Protomyia gracilis, Protomyia elegans, Plecia macilenta (122876) Protomyia lygaeoides, Protomyia bucklandi, Bibio morio, Protomyia gracilis, Protomyia brevipennis, Empis sp., Penthetria sp. (122877)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)	Plecia grossa, Plecia hypogaea, Plecia grandaeva, Plecia philippi, Plecia satyrus, Plecia imperialis, Plecia pennata, Plecia sturmi, Plecia exigua, Plecia vulpina, Plecia sp. 4, Plecia sp. 7, Plecia sp. 12, Plecia sp. 1, Plecia sp. 2, Plecia rhenana, Plecia sp. 10, Plecia sp. 11, Plecia sp. 3, Plecia sp. 5, Plecia sp. 6, Plecia sp. 13, Plecia sp. 14, Plecia sp. 15, Plecia lapidaria (122010)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Plecia splendida, Bibio painvini, Bibio detractus, Plecia dilatativentris, Plecia livida, Plecia gracilis, Plecia elegans, Plecia retracta, Plecia acutiventris, Plecia brevipennis, Plecia lygaeoides (122488) Plecia splendida, Plecia livida, Plecia gracilis, Plecia elegans, Plecia constricta (122487)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	France	Plecia livida (183981)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Germany	Plecia sp. (123872)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Mexico (Chiapas)	Plecia pristina (140210)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	China (Shandong)	Plecia capitata (138944) Plecia diatoma, Plecia vulcania, Plecia villosa, Plecia rectivenia (128551) Plecia fumosa, Plecia bivalvula, Plecia gracilenta (138946) Plecia ludongensis, Plecia solaris, Clothonopsis miocenica (128550) Plecia platoptera (138945) Plecia spinula, Plecia aculeolata, Plecia villosa (128552)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Russian Federation	Plecia amagua, Plecia kudiella, Plecia refracta, Plecia redempta, Plecia kuznetzovi, Plecia obsitula (113705)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	Plecia pristina (122474)
MN 4	16.9 - 15.97	Czech Republic	Plecia quaesita (117612)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan	Plecia kanetakii (103101)
MN 5 - MN 6	15.97 - 12.75	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Plecia sp. (211309)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Bulgaria	Plecia sp. (181730)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene	15.97 - 5.333	Thailand	Plecia sp. (140983)
Sarmatian	12.7 - 11.608	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Plecia hilaris (115304) Plecia hilaris, Protomyia jucunda, Plecia macilenta (117252) Protomyia jucunda (115305) Protomyia jucunda, Protomyia affinis (113689)
Sarmatian	12.7 - 11.608	Croatia	Plecia lygaeoides, Plecia lugubris (224110) Protomyia bucklandi, Bibio morio, Plecia lugubris (117761) Protomyia latipennis (156758) Protomyia lygaeoides, Protomyia latipennis (117246)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	France (Ardèche)	Plecia vergnei (172761)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Italy	Plecia spp., Plecia castellaroi, Plecia pisaurensis, Plecia baglii (157306)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Japan	Plecia intima (160140) Plecia sp. (188976)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Germany (Niedersachsen)	Plecia sp. (109196)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	France	Plecia lugubris, Plecia vergnei (113994) Plecia sp. (138769) Plecia sp., Plecia brunneipennis (113996)