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Hippopotaminae
Taxonomy
Hippopotaminae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Boisserie et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Hippopotamidae by McKenna and Bell (1997), Weston (2000), Boisserie et al. (2003), Boisserie et al. (2003), Boisserie et al. (2005), Boisserie et al. (2010), Weston and Boisserie (2010) and Boisserie et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Hippopotamidae by McKenna and Bell (1997), Weston (2000), Boisserie et al. (2003), Boisserie et al. (2003), Boisserie et al. (2005), Boisserie et al. (2010), Weston and Boisserie (2010) and Boisserie et al. (2011).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Hippopotaminae Gray |
| 1997 | Hippopotaminae McKenna and Bell p. 399 |
| 2000 | Hippopotaminae Weston p. 177 |
| 2003 | Hippopotaminae Boisserie et al. p. 16 |
| 2003 | Hippopotaminae Boisserie et al. p. 2 |
| 2005 | Hippopotaminae Boisserie et al. |
| 2010 | Hippopotaminae Boisserie et al. p. 328 |
| 2010 | Hippopotaminae Weston and Boisserie p. 854 |
| 2011 | Hippopotaminae Boisserie et al. p. 620 figs. Table 1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Hippopotaminae Gray 1821
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G. †Archaeopotamus Boisserie 2005
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†Archaeopotamus harvardi Coryndon 1977
†Archaeopotamus lothagamensis Weston 2000
G. †Hexaprotodon Falconer and Cautley 1836 [pygmy hippo]
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†Hexaprotodon aethiopicus Coryndon and Coppens 1975
†Hexaprotodon bruneti Boisserie and White 2004
†Hexaprotodon coryndoni Geze 1985
†Hexaprotodon crusafonti Aguire 1963
†Hexaprotodon dissimilis Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Hexaprotodon dulu Boisserie 2004
†Hexaprotodon garyam Boisserie et al. 2005
†Hexaprotodon imaguncula Hopwood 1926
†Hexaprotodon iravticus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Hexaprotodon mingoz Boisserie et al. 2003
†Hexaprotodon namadicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Hexaprotodon palaeindicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Hexaprotodon pantanellii Joleaud 1920
†Hexaprotodon primaevus Crusafont et al. 1964
†Hexaprotodon sahabiensis Gaziry 1987
†Hexaprotodon shungurensis Geze 1985
†Hexaprotodon siculus Hooijer 1946
†Hexaprotodon sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) hipponensis Gaudry 1867
G. Hippopotamus Linnaeus 1758 [hippo]
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†Hexaprotodon protamphibius turkanensis Geze 1985
Subg. †Hippopotamus (Tetraprotodon) Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Hippopotamus aethiopicus Coryndon and Coppens 1975
†Hippopotamus afarensis Geze 1985
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 [hippo]
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Invalid names: Hippopotamus incognitus Faure 1984 [synonym]
†Hippopotamus behemoth Faure 1986
†Hippopotamus coryndonae Geze 1985
†Hippopotamus creutzburgi Boekschoten and Sondaar 1966
†Hippopotamus gorgops Dietrich 1928
†Hippopotamus kaisensis Hopwood 1926
†Hippopotamus karumensis Coryndon 1977
†Hippopotamus laloumena Faure and Guerin 1990
†Hippopotamus lemerlei Milne Edwards 1868
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Invalid names: Hippopotamus leptorhynchus Grandidier and Filhol 1894 [synonym]
†Hippopotamus madagascariensis Guldberg 1883
†Hippopotamus major Cuvier 1824
†Hippopotamus meltensis Major 1902
†Hippopotamus minor Desmarest 1822
†Hippopotamus protamphibius Arambourg 1944
†Hippopotamus sirensis Pomel 1896
Invalid names: Hippopotamus amphibius standini Monnier and Lamberton 1922 [nomen nudum], Trilobophorus Geze 1985 [synonym]
G. †Phanourios Boekschoten and Sondaar 1972
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 9 to the top of the Holocene or 11.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.7 Ma
Collections (541 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Hippopotamus kaisensis, Hexaprotodon imagunculus (22399) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Hippopotamus sp. (22220 22229) | |
| Neogene | Myanmar | Hippopotamus sp. (215569) | |
| Miocene - Pleistocene | Ethiopia | Hexaprotodon sp. (22128) | |
| Tortonian | Kenya | Hippopotaminae indet. (219711) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Kenya | Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon harvardi (22243) Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon lothagamensis, Hexaprotodon harvardi (22241) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Ethiopia | Hexaprotodon sp. (22158 22159 22179) Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon harvardi (22139) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Kenya | Hexaprotodon harvardi, Hippopotamus sp. A, Hippopotamus sp. B (22236) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) | Hexaprotodon sp. (144187) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) | Hexaprotodon harvardi (28245) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Chad | Hexaprotodon harvardi, Hexaprotodon mingoz (24181) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Uganda | Hippopotamus sp., Hippopotamus kaisensis, Hexaprotodon imagunculus (22345) | |
| MN 9 | Ethiopia (Oromīya) | Chororatherium roobii (92148) | |
| Turolian | Spain (Valencia) | Hexaprotodon sp. (40758) | |
| Messinian | Libya | Hexaprotodon sahabiensis (28309) | |
| Messinian | Kenya | Hippopotamus sp. (22275 22316 22318) | |
| Messinian | Chad | Hexaprotodon garyam (97223) Hexaprotodon sp. (59839) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Tanzania | Hexaprotodon harvardi (22042 22058 22062 22063) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Kenya | Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon lothagamensis, Hexaprotodon harvardi (22242) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Kenya | Hexaprotodon sp., Hexaprotodon harvardi, Hexaprotodon lothagamensis (22237) | |