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Polyplacophora (chiton)
Taxonomy
Polyplacophora was named by de Blainville (1816) [also attributed to Gray 1821]. It is extant.
It was reranked as the order Polyplacophora by Martin (1904).
It was assigned to Amphineura by Martin (1904); to Mollusca by Barnes (1998), Wells and Houston (2001) and Sepkoski (2002); and to Serialia by Giribet et al. (2006).
It was reranked as the order Polyplacophora by Martin (1904).
It was assigned to Amphineura by Martin (1904); to Mollusca by Barnes (1998), Wells and Houston (2001) and Sepkoski (2002); and to Serialia by Giribet et al. (2006).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1816 | Polyplacophora de Blainville |
1904 | Polyplacophora Martin p. 270 |
1998 | Polyplacophora Barnes |
2001 | Polyplacophora Wells and Houston p. 19 |
2002 | Polyplacophora Sepkoski |
2006 | Polyplacophora Giribet et al. p. 7725 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. Polyplacophora de Blainville 1816 [chiton]
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Or. Chitonida Thiele 1909
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Fm. Callistoplacidae Dall 1879
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G. Callistochiton Carpenter 1879
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†Callistochiton asthenes Berry 1919
Callistochiton crassicostatus Pilsbry 1893
†Callistochiton decoratus ferminicus Berry 1922
Callistochiton elenensis Sowerby 1832
Callistochiton palmulatus Dall 1879
†Callistochiton palmulatus mirabilis Pilsbry 1893
G. Ceratozona Dall 1882
G. †Middendorfia Dall 1879
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†Middendorfia corrugis Boettger 1869
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Invalid names: Chiton etrechyensis de Rochebrune 1882 [synonym], Tonicia mammillata de Rochebrune 1882 [synonym]
G. Nuttallina Dall 1871
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Fm. Chitonidae Rafinesque 1815
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G. Chiton Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Chiton (Amaurochiton) Thiele 1893
Subg. Chiton (Chiton) Linnaeus 1758
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†Chiton (Chiton) berryi Smith et al. 1968
†Chiton (Chiton) cretaceous Berry 1939
†Chiton (Chiton) rossi Smith et al. 1968
Subg. †Chiton (Poeciloplax) Thiele 1893
Subg. Chiton (Rhyssoplax) Thiele 1893
Chiton alveolus Loven 1846
†Chiton antiquus Conrad 1855
†Chiton cordatus Kirkby 1859
†Chiton deshayesi Terquem 1852
†Chiton eocenensis Conrad 1855
†Chiton grignionensis Lamarck 1802
†Chiton howseanus Kirkby 1857
†Chiton koninckii Eudes-Deslongchamps 1849
†Chiton rhaeticus Moore 1861
†Chiton sallustii Parona 1909
Chiton solaris Vendrasco et al. 2022
Chiton turberculatus Linnaeus 1758
Subfm. †Chitoninae Linnaeus 1758
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G. †Mucrosquama Iredale 1926
G. †Sypharochiton Thiele 1893
G. †Tegulaplax Iredale 1926
G. Tonicia Gray 1847
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Subg. †Tonicia (Lucilina) Dall 1882
Subg. †Tonicia (Toniciopsis) Thiele 1893
†Tonicia pannonica Szots 1847
Tonicia schrammi Shuttleworth 1856
G. Onithochiton Gray 1847
Invalid names: Toniciinae [empty]
Fm. †Dycheiidae Pojeta et al. 2010
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Or. †Multiplacophora Hoare and Mapes 1995
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Fm. †Hercolepadidae Dzik 1986
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Fm. †Strobilepidae Hoare and Mapes 1995
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G. †Diadeloplax Hoare and Mapes 1995
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†Diadeloplax antiqua Howse 1848
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Invalid names: Chitonellus distortus Kirkby 1859 [synonym], Chitonellus hancockianus Kirkby 1859 [synonym]
†Diadeloplax apiculatus Hanger et al. 2000
G. †Strobilepis Hall and Clarke 1888
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Invalid names: Strobilepida Hoare and Mapes 1995 [empty]
Or. Neoloricata Bergenhayn 1955
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Subor. Acanthochitonina Bergenhayn 1930
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Fm. Acanthochitonidae Pilsbry 1893
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G. Acanthochitona Gray 1821 [glass-hair chiton]
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†Acanthochitona avicula Carpenter 1864
†Acanthochitona crinita Pennant 1777
Acanthochitona fascicularis Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Acanthochitona communis Sabelli and Taviani 1979 [synonym]
Acanthochitona pygmaea Pilsbry 1893
G. †Bassethullia Pilsbry 1928
G. Craspedochiton Shuttleworth 1853
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†Craspedochiton altavillensis Seguenza 1876
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Invalid names: Chiton squamosus Libassi 1859 [synonym], Gymnoplax deslongchampsi Rochebrune 1883 [synonym]
†Craspedochiton eernissei Dell'Angelo et al. 2011
G. Cryptoconchus Burrow 1815
G. †Leptoplax Carpenter 1882
G. Notoplax Adams 1861
Invalid names: Callistochitoninae Berry 1922 [empty]
G. †Afossochiton
G. †Austrochiton
G. †Beloplaxus
Fm. Chaetopleuridae Plate 1899
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G. Chaetopleura Shuttleworth 1853
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Subg. †Chaetopleura (Pallochiton) Dall 1879
Chaetopleura apiculata Say 1830
†Chaetopleura gemma Carpenter 1879
Chaetopleura peruvianus Lamarck 1819
Subor. Chitonina Thiele 1910
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Fm. †Ischnochitonidae Dall 1889
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G. †Allochiton
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†Allochiton altus Fucini 1912
†Allochiton costulatus Fucini 1912
†Allochiton gemmellaroi Fucini 1912
G. Cyanoplax Pilsbry 1892
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†Cyanoplax dentiens Gould 1846
†Cyanoplax hartwegii Carpenter 1855
Cyanoplax keepiana Berry 1948 [keep's chiton]
G. †Heterochiton
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†Heterochiton buccai Fucini 1912
†Heterochiton compressus Scalia 1903
†Heterochiton giganteus Scalia 1903
†Heterochiton vinassai Fucini 1912
†Heterochiton zitteli Scalia 1903
Subfm. †Lepidochitoninae
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G. Lepidochitona Gray 1821
G. †Particulazona Kaas 1993
G. †Subterenochiton Iredale 1924
G. Lepidozona Pilsbry 1892
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†Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) pectinatus Carpenter 1864
Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) pectinulatus Carpenter 1893
†Lepidozona cooperi Carpenter 1879
†Lepidozona cowlitzensis Dell'Angelo et al. 2011
†Lepidozona mertensii Middendorff 1846
Lepidozona sanctaemonicae Berry 1922
Lepidozona scrobiculata Middendorff 1847
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Invalid names: Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) sinudentatus Carpenter 1892 [synonym]
G. Stenoplax Carpenter 1879
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†Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) conspicua Carpenter 1879 [conspicuous chiton]
Subg. Stenoplax (Stenoradsia) Carpenter 1879
†Stenoplax conspicua Carpenter 1879 [conspicuous chiton]
†Stenoplax fallax Carpenter 1892
Stenoplax heathiana Berry 1946
Stenoplax magdalenensis Hinds 1845 [magdalena chiton]
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Invalid names: Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) acrior Carpenter 1892 [synonym], Ischnochiton acrior Carpenter 1892 [synonym]
†Stenoplax quimperensis Dell'Angelo et al. 2011
G. †Stenosemus Middendorff 1847
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†Stenosemus dolii Van Belle and Angelo 1998
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Invalid names: Ischnochiton (Simplischnochiton) exaratus Angelo 1999 [synonym], Ischnochiton (Stenosemus) dolii Angelo and Smriglio 1999 [synonym], Ischnochiton exaratus Angelo and Giusti 1997 [synonym], Ischnochiton vanbellei Smriglio 1989 [synonym], Lepidozona dorsuosa Laghi 1977 [synonym]
G. Tonicella Carpenter 1873
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Tonicella lineata Wood 1815 [lined red chiton]
Tonicella marmorea Fabrius 1780
G. †Crenatolorica
Subor. †Cymatochitonina Sirenko and Starobogatov 1977
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Fm. †Cymatochitonidae Sirenko and Starobogatov 1977
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G. †Cymatochiton Dall 1882
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†Cymatochiton kaibabensis Brady 1955
†Cymatochiton loftusianus King 1848
†Cymatochiton texanus Girty 1908
Fm. †Gryphochitonidae Pilsbury 1900
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G. †Gryphochiton Gray 1847
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†Gryphochiton asamiae Hoare and Karasawa 2008
†Gryphochiton distinctus Hoare et al. 2002
†Gryphochiton girtyi Hoare and Smith 1984
†Gryphochiton planoplata Hanger et al. 2000
G. †Elachychiton
G. †Eulachychiton
G. †Euleptochiton
G. Guildingia
Subor. Ischnochitonina Bergenhayn 1930
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Fm. Mopaliidae Dall 1889
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G. Amicula Gray 1847
G. Mopalia Gray 1847
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Subg. Mopalia (Dendrochiton) Berry 1911
†Mopalia acuta Carpenter 1855
†Mopalia ciliata Sowerby 1840
†Mopalia hindsii Sowerby 1847
Mopalia imporcata Carpenter 1864
†Mopalia lignosa Gould 1846
Mopalia lowei Pilsbry 1918
†Mopalia muscosa Gould 1846
†Mopalia sinuata Carpenter 1864
G. Plaxiphora Gray 1847
Invalid names: Heterochitoninae [empty], Katharininae [empty], Mopaliinae [empty]
G. †Pterygochiton
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†Pterygochiton busambrensis Scalia 1903
†Pterygochiton distefanoi Fucini 1912
†Pterygochiton liasinus Eudes-Deslongchamps 1864
†Pterygochiton mirificus Fucini 1912
†Pterygochiton terquemii Eudes-Deslongchamps 1859
G. †Kindbladochiton
G. Laculina
G. †Lavenachiton
Subor. †Lepidopleurina Thiele 1910
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Fm. †Acutichitonidae Hoare et al. 1983
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G. †Acutichiton Hoare et al. 1972
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†Acutichiton gracilis Hoare et al. 2002
†Acutichiton nevadensis Hoare et al. 2002
†Acutichiton pannuceus Hoare and Mapes 1985
†Acutichiton pyrmidalus Hoare et al. 1972
G. †Arcochiton Hoare and Sturgeon 1976
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†Arcochiton raymondi Hoare and Sturgeon 1976
†Arcochiton richardsoni Hoare et al. 2002
†Arcochiton soccus Hanger et al. 2000
Fm. †Choriplacidae
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Fm. †Crassitudochitonidae Hoare and Karasawa 2008
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Fm. †Glyptochitonidae Starobogatov and Sirenko 1975
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Fm. †Lepidopleuridae Pilsbry 1892
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G. †Camptochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Coryssochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Glaphurochiton Raymond 1910
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†Glaphurochiton carbonarius Stevens 1858
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Invalid names: Helminthochiton concinnus Richardson 1956 [synonym]
G. †Hanleyella
G. †Lobarochiton Hoare 1976
G. Oldroydia Dall 1894
G. †Pedanochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Pileochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Stegochiton Hoare and Smith 1984
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†Stegochiton coxi Hoare and Smith 1984
†Stegochiton onerosus Hoare and Smith 1984
Fm. Leptochitonidae Dall 1889
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G. Leptochiton Gray 1847
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Subg. Leptochiton (Leptochiton) Gray 1847
Subg. †Leptochiton (Parachiton) Thiele 1909
†Leptochiton algesirensis Capellini 1859
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Invalid names: Lepidopleurus (Leptochiton) algesirensis Angelo and Palazzi 1989 [synonym]
†Leptochiton cancellatus Sowerby 1840
†Leptochiton clarki Berry 1922
†Leptochiton terryiverseni Hybertsen and Kiel 2018
Subfm. Leptochitoninae Dall 1889
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G. Lepidopleurus Gray 1847
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Invalid names: Lepidochiton Gray 1847 [synonym], Rhombichiton Dekoninck 1883 [synonym]
G. †Pterochiton Carpenter 1882
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†Pterochiton eburonicus de Ryckholt 1845
†Pterochiton newelli Smith 1976
†Pterochiton spatulatus Hoare et al. 1972
Fm. †Ochmazochitonidae Hoare and Smith 1984
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G. Lirachiton
G. †Llandeilochiton
G. †Loboarochiton Hoare 1976
G. †Mesochiton
G. †Permochiton
G. †Protalochiton
G. †Protochiton
G. †Trachypleura
Invalid names: Abyssochitonidae [empty], Cryptoplacidae [empty], Xylochitonidae Gowlett-Holmes and A.M. 1992 [empty]
Subcl. †Paleoloricata Bergenhayn 1955
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Fm. †Aulochitonidae Pojeta et al. 2010
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G. †Bursata
Subor. †Chelodina Bergenhayn 1960
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Fm. †Gotlandochitonidae Bergenhayn 1955
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G. †Gotlandochiton Bergenhayn 1955
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†Gotlandochiton hami Smith and Toomey 1964
†Gotlandochiton interplicatus Bergenhayn 1955
G. †Ivoechiton Bergenhayn 1955
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†Ivoechiton calathicolus Smith and Toomey 1964
†Ivoechiton levis Bergenhayn 1955
†Ivoechiton oklahomensis Smith and Toomey 1964
G. †Paleochiton Smith and Toomey 1964
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†Paleochiton kindbladensis Smith and Toomey 1964
†Paleochiton siskiyouensis Hoare 2000
Fm. †Helminthochitonidae Van Belle 1975
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G. †Helminthochiton Salter 1846
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†Helminthochiton griffithi Salter 1846
†Helminthochiton papilio Whidborne 1892
†Helminthochiton riddlei Frederickson 1962
†Helminthochiton simplex Raymond 1910
Fm. †Preacanthochitonidae Bergenhayn 1960
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G. †Listrochiton Hoare and Pojeta 2006
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†Listrochiton productus Bergenhayn 1960
†Listrochiton weiri Hoare and Pojeta 2006
G. †Orthriochiton Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
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†Orthriochiton utahensis Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
Fm. †Scanochitonidae Bergenhayn 1955
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Fm. †Septemchitonidae Bergenhayn 1955
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G. †Cobcrephora Bischoff 1981
Fm. †Echinochitonidae Pojeta et al. 2003
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G. †Hawthorneachiton
Fm. †Mattheviidae Walcott 1886
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G. †Calceochiton
G. †Chelodes Davidson and King 1874
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†Chelodes actinis Cherns 1998
†Chelodes acuminata Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
†Chelodes bergmani Davidson and King 1874
†Chelodes cooperi Bergenhayn 1960
†Chelodes whitehousei Runnegar et al. 1979
Invalid names: Eochelodes [synonym], Praecanthochiton Bergenhayn 1960 [synonym]
G. †Eukteanochiton Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
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†Eukteanochiton milleri Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
G. †Hemithecella Butts 1941
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†Hemithecella abrupta Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
†Hemithecella eminensis Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
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Invalid names: Elongata perplexa Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym], Hemithecella elongata Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym]
†Hemithecella expansa Butts 1941
†Hemithecella quinquelites Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
Invalid names: Elongata Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym]
G. †Matthevia Walcott 1885
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†Matthevia erecta Pojeta et al. 2005
†Matthevia variabilis Walcott 1885
†Matthevia wahwahensis Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
†Matthevia walcotti Runnegar et al. 1979
G. †Robustum Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
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†Robustum nodum Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
†Robustum phallerium Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
Invalid names: Chelodidae Bergenhayn 1943 [synonym], Robustidae Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym]
G. †Probolaeum
G. †Septemchiton
G. †Solenocaris
G. †Thairoplax Cherns 1998
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†Thairoplax birhombivalvis Bergenhayn 1955
†Thairoplax merriami Hoare 2000
†Thairoplax pelta Cherns 1998
G. †Prisochiton Dall 1881
G. Trachydermon Carpenter 1864
Invalid names: Amphineura [synonym], Callochitonidae [empty], Mesoplacophora [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available