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Polyplacophora (chiton)

Polyplacophora

Taxonomy
Polyplacophora was named by de Blainville (1816) [also attributed to Gray 1821]. It is extant.

It was reranked as the order Polyplacophora by Martin (1904).

It was assigned to Amphineura by Martin (1904); to Mollusca by Barnes (1998), Wells and Houston (2001) and Sepkoski (2002); and to Serialia by Giribet et al. (2006).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1816Polyplacophora de Blainville
1904Polyplacophora Martin p. 270
1998Polyplacophora Barnes
2001Polyplacophora Wells and Houston p. 19
2002Polyplacophora Sepkoski
2006Polyplacophora Giribet et al. p. 7725

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
RankNameAuthor
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
Serialia
classPolyplacophorade Blainville 1816
classPolyplacophorade Blainville 1816

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Polyplacophora de Blainville 1816 [chiton]
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Or. Chitonida Thiele 1909
+
Fm. Callistoplacidae Dall 1879
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G. Ceratozona Dall 1882
G. †Middendorfia Dall 1879
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Middendorfia corrugis Boettger 1869
+
Invalid names: Chiton etrechyensis de Rochebrune 1882 [synonym], Tonicia mammillata de Rochebrune 1882 [synonym]
G. Nuttallina Dall 1871
+
+
Invalid names: Nuttallina fluxa Carpenter 1864 [synonym]
Fm. Chitonidae Rafinesque 1815
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Subfm. Acanthopleurinae Thiele 1910
+
G. Acanthopleura Guilding 1829 [fuzzy chiton]
G. Chiton Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Chiton (Amaurochiton) Thiele 1893
Subg. Chiton (Chiton) Linnaeus 1758
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Chiton (Chiton) berryi Smith et al. 1968
Chiton (Chiton) rossi Smith et al. 1968
Subg. †Chiton (Poeciloplax) Thiele 1893
Subg. Chiton (Rhyssoplax) Thiele 1893
Chiton alveolus Loven 1846
Chiton antiquus Conrad 1855
Chiton cordatus Kirkby 1859
Chiton deshayesi Terquem 1852
Chiton eocenensis Conrad 1855
Chiton grignionensis Lamarck 1802
Chiton howseanus Kirkby 1857
Chiton koninckii Eudes-Deslongchamps 1849
Chiton rhaeticus Moore 1861
Chiton sallustii Parona 1909
Chiton solaris Vendrasco et al. 2022
Chiton turberculatus Linnaeus 1758
Subfm. †Chitoninae Linnaeus 1758
+
G. Enoplochiton Gray 1847
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Enoplochiton niger Barnes 1824
G. †Mucrosquama Iredale 1926
G. †Sypharochiton Thiele 1893
G. †Tegulaplax Iredale 1926
G. Tonicia Gray 1847
+
Subg. †Tonicia (Lucilina) Dall 1882
Subg. †Tonicia (Toniciopsis) Thiele 1893
Tonicia pannonica Szots 1847
Tonicia schrammi Shuttleworth 1856
G. Onithochiton Gray 1847
Invalid names: Toniciinae [empty]
Fm. †Dycheiidae Pojeta et al. 2010
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G. †Dycheia Pojeta and Derby 2007
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Dycheia shergoldi Pojeta and Derby 2007
G. †Paradycheia Pojeta et al. 2010
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Paradycheia dorisae Pojeta et al. 2010
Or. †Multiplacophora Hoare and Mapes 1995
+
Fm. †Hercolepadidae Dzik 1986
+
G. †Protobalanus Whitfield 1888
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Protobalanus spinicoronatus Vinther et al. 2012
G. †Polysacos Vendrasco et al. 2004
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Polysacos vickersianum Vendrasco et al. 2004
Fm. †Strobilepidae Hoare and Mapes 1995
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G. †Diadeloplax Hoare and Mapes 1995
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Diadeloplax antiqua Howse 1848
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Invalid names: Chitonellus distortus Kirkby 1859 [synonym], Chitonellus hancockianus Kirkby 1859 [synonym]
Diadeloplax apiculatus Hanger et al. 2000
G. †Hannestheronia Vinther et al. 2012
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Hannestheronia australis Vinther et al. 2012
G. †Strobilepis Hall and Clarke 1888
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Strobilepis spinigera Clarke 1888
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Invalid names: Lobarochiton anomalus Rowley 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Strobilepida Hoare and Mapes 1995 [empty]
Or. Neoloricata Bergenhayn 1955
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Subor. Acanthochitonina Bergenhayn 1930
+
Fm. Acanthochitonidae Pilsbry 1893
+
G. Acanthochitona Gray 1821 [glass-hair chiton]
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Acanthochitona avicula Carpenter 1864
Acanthochitona crinita Pennant 1777
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Invalid names: Acanthochitona communis Sabelli and Taviani 1979 [synonym]
Subfm. Acanthochitoninae Pilsbry 1893
+
G. Gymnoplax Gray 1821
G. †Bassethullia Pilsbry 1928
G. Craspedochiton Shuttleworth 1853
+
+
Invalid names: Chiton squamosus Libassi 1859 [synonym], Gymnoplax deslongchampsi Rochebrune 1883 [synonym]
Craspedochiton eernissei Dell'Angelo et al. 2011
G. Cryptochiton Middendorff 1847
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Cryptochiton stelleri Middendorf 1847
G. Cryptoconchus Burrow 1815
G. Cryptoplax Blainville 1818
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G. †Leptoplax Carpenter 1882
G. Notoplax Adams 1861
Invalid names: Callistochitoninae Berry 1922 [empty]
Fm. Chaetopleuridae Plate 1899
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G. Calloplax Thiele 1909
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Calloplax roederi Vendrasco et al. 2022
G. Chaetopleura Shuttleworth 1853
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Subg. †Chaetopleura (Pallochiton) Dall 1879
Chaetopleura gemma Carpenter 1879
G. Dinoplax Dall 1882
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Dinoplax gigas Gmelin 1791
Subor. Chitonina Thiele 1910
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Fm. †Ischnochitonidae Dall 1889
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+
Allochiton altus Fucini 1912
Allochiton costulatus Fucini 1912
Allochiton gemmellaroi Fucini 1912
Subfm. †Callochitoninae
+
G. Callochiton Gray 1847
G. Eudoxochiton Shuttleworth 1853
Subfm. †Chaetopleurinae
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G. †Nuttallochiton Plate 1899
G. Cyanoplax Pilsbry 1892
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Cyanoplax dentiens Gould 1846
Cyanoplax hartwegii Carpenter 1855
Cyanoplax keepiana Berry 1948 [keep's chiton]
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Heterochiton buccai Fucini 1912
Heterochiton compressus Scalia 1903
Heterochiton giganteus Scalia 1903
Heterochiton vinassai Fucini 1912
Heterochiton zitteli Scalia 1903
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G. Ischnochiton Gray 1847
G. †Stenochiton Adams 1864
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G. Lepidochitona Gray 1821
G. †Particulazona Kaas 1993
G. †Subterenochiton Iredale 1924
G. Lepidozona Pilsbry 1892
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Lepidozona cooperi Carpenter 1879
Lepidozona cowlitzensis Dell'Angelo et al. 2011
Lepidozona mertensii Middendorff 1846
Lepidozona scrobiculata Middendorff 1847
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Invalid names: Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) sinudentatus Carpenter 1892 [synonym]
Subfm. †Schizoplacinae
+
G. Stenoplax Carpenter 1879
+
Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) conspicua Carpenter 1879 [conspicuous chiton]
Subg. Stenoplax (Stenoradsia) Carpenter 1879
Stenoplax conspicua Carpenter 1879 [conspicuous chiton]
Stenoplax fallax Carpenter 1892
Stenoplax magdalenensis Hinds 1845 [magdalena chiton]
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Invalid names: Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) acrior Carpenter 1892 [synonym], Ischnochiton acrior Carpenter 1892 [synonym]
Stenoplax quimperensis Dell'Angelo et al. 2011
G. †Stenosemus Middendorff 1847
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Stenosemus dolii Van Belle and Angelo 1998
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Invalid names: Ischnochiton (Simplischnochiton) exaratus Angelo 1999 [synonym], Ischnochiton (Stenosemus) dolii Angelo and Smriglio 1999 [synonym], Ischnochiton exaratus Angelo and Giusti 1997 [synonym], Ischnochiton vanbellei Smriglio 1989 [synonym], Lepidozona dorsuosa Laghi 1977 [synonym]
G. Tonicella Carpenter 1873
+
Tonicella lineata Wood 1815 [lined red chiton]
Tonicella marmorea Fabrius 1780
G. Tripoplax Berry 1919
+
Tripoplax regularis Carpenter 1855
Tripoplax trifida Carpenter 1864
Subor. †Cymatochitonina Sirenko and Starobogatov 1977
+
Fm. †Cymatochitonidae Sirenko and Starobogatov 1977
+
G. †Cymatochiton Dall 1882
+
Cymatochiton texanus Girty 1908
Fm. †Gryphochitonidae Pilsbury 1900
+
G. †Aaptochiton Hoare and Karasawa 2008
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Aaptochiton pustulosus Hoare and Karasawa 2008
G. †Chauliochiton Hoare and Smith 1984
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Chauliochiton knighti Hoare and Smith 1984
G. †Chonechiton Carpenter 1882
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Chonechiton viseticola de Ryckholt 1845
G. †Gryphochiton Gray 1847
+
Gryphochiton asamiae Hoare and Karasawa 2008
Gryphochiton distinctus Hoare et al. 2002
Gryphochiton girtyi Hoare and Smith 1984
Gryphochiton planoplata Hanger et al. 2000
Subor. Ischnochitonina Bergenhayn 1930
+
Fm. Mopaliidae Dall 1889
+
G. Amicula Gray 1847
G. Katharina Gray 1847
+
Katharina tunicata Wood 1815
G. Mopalia Gray 1847
+
Subg. Mopalia (Dendrochiton) Berry 1911
Mopalia acuta Carpenter 1855
Mopalia ciliata Sowerby 1840
Mopalia hindsii Sowerby 1847
Mopalia imporcata Carpenter 1864
Mopalia lignosa Gould 1846
Mopalia lowei Pilsbry 1918
Mopalia muscosa Gould 1846
Mopalia sinuata Carpenter 1864
G. Placiphorella Carpenter 1879
+
Placiphorella velata Carpenter 1879
G. Plaxiphora Gray 1847
Invalid names: Heterochitoninae [empty], Katharininae [empty], Mopaliinae [empty]
+
Pterygochiton distefanoi Fucini 1912
Pterygochiton liasinus Eudes-Deslongchamps 1864
Pterygochiton mirificus Fucini 1912
Pterygochiton terquemii Eudes-Deslongchamps 1859
Fm. Schizochitonidae Dall 1885
+
G. †Aulacochiton Shuttleworth
+
Aulacochiton praecursor Smith et al. 1968
G. Lorica Adams and A. 1852
G. Loricella Pilsbry 1893
+
Loricella angasi Adams 1864
G. †Oochiton
G. Schizochiton Gray 1847
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Schizochiton incisus Sowerby 1841
Subor. †Lepidopleurina Thiele 1910
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Fm. †Acutichitonidae Hoare et al. 1983
+
G. †Acutichiton Hoare et al. 1972
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Acutichiton gracilis Hoare et al. 2002
Acutichiton nevadensis Hoare et al. 2002
Acutichiton pannuceus Hoare and Mapes 1985
Acutichiton pyrmidalus Hoare et al. 1972
G. †Arcochiton Hoare and Sturgeon 1976
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Arcochiton raymondi Hoare and Sturgeon 1976
Arcochiton richardsoni Hoare et al. 2002
Arcochiton soccus Hanger et al. 2000
G. †Kraterochiton Hoare 2000
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G. †Soleachiton Hoare and Smith 1984
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Soleachiton yochelsoni Hoare and Smith 1984
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G. †Choriplax Pilsbry 1894
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G. †Plasiochiton Hoare 2000
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Plasiochiton curiosus Hoare 2000
Fm. †Crassitudochitonidae Hoare and Karasawa 2008
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G. †Crassitudochiton Hoare and Karasawa 2008
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Crassitudochiton plakos Hoare and Karasawa 2008
Fm. †Glyptochitonidae Starobogatov and Sirenko 1975
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G. †Glyptochiton de Koninck 1883
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Glyptochiton cordifer de Koninck 1844
Fm. Hanleyidae Bergenhayn 1955
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G. Hanleya Gray 1857
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Hanleya hanleyi Bean 1844
G. †Hemiarthrum Carpenter 1876
G. †Homeochiton Hanger et al. 2000
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Homeochiton triangulus Hanger et al. 2000
Fm. †Lepidopleuridae Pilsbry 1892
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G. †Asketochiton Hoare and Sabattini 2000
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Asketochiton chubutensis Hoare and Sabattini 2000
G. †Camptochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Colapterochiton Hoare and Mapes 1985
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Colapterochiton decorus Hoare and Mapes 1985
G. †Coryssochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Glaphurochiton Raymond 1910
+
+
Invalid names: Helminthochiton concinnus Richardson 1956 [synonym]
G. †Hadrochiton Hoare 2000
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Hadrochiton pileus Hoare 2000
G. †Lekiskochiton Hoare and Smith 1984
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Lekiskochiton fornicis Hoare and Smith 1984
G. †Lobarochiton Hoare 1976
G. Oldroydia Dall 1894
G. †Pedanochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Pileochiton Debrock et al. 1984
G. †Schematochiton Hoare 2002
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G. †Stegochiton Hoare and Smith 1984
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Stegochiton coxi Hoare and Smith 1984
Stegochiton onerosus Hoare and Smith 1984
Fm. Leptochitonidae Dall 1889
+
G. †Gifuchiton Hoare and Karasawa 2008
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Gifuchiton pentagonus Hoare and Karasawa 2008
G. Leptochiton Gray 1847
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Subg. †Leptochiton (Parachiton) Thiele 1909
Leptochiton algesirensis Capellini 1859
+
Invalid names: Lepidopleurus (Leptochiton) algesirensis Angelo and Palazzi 1989 [synonym]
Leptochiton cancellatus Sowerby 1840
Leptochiton clarki Berry 1922
Leptochiton terryiverseni Hybertsen and Kiel 2018
Subfm. Leptochitoninae Dall 1889
+
G. Lepidopleurus Gray 1847
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Invalid names: Lepidochiton Gray 1847 [synonym], Rhombichiton Dekoninck 1883 [synonym]
G. †Pterochiton Carpenter 1882
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Pterochiton eburonicus de Ryckholt 1845
Pterochiton newelli Smith 1976
Pterochiton spatulatus Hoare et al. 1972
Fm. †Ochmazochitonidae Hoare and Smith 1984
+
G. †Ochmazochiton Hoare and Smith 1984
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Ochmazochiton comptus Hoare and Smith 1984
G. †Pyknochiton Hoare 2000
+
Pyknochiton lunatus Hoare 2000
G. †Loboarochiton Hoare 1976
+
Proleptochiton laterodepressus Bergenhayn 1945
Invalid names: Abyssochitonidae [empty], Cryptoplacidae [empty], Xylochitonidae Gowlett-Holmes and A.M. 1992 [empty]
Subcl. †Paleoloricata Bergenhayn 1955
+
G. †Alastega Cherns 1998
+
Alastega lira Cherns 1998
Alastega martini Hoare and Pojeta 2006
G. †Arctoplax Cherns 1998
+
Arctoplax ornata Cherns 1998
Fm. †Aulochitonidae Pojeta et al. 2010
+
G. †Aulochiton Pojeta et al. 2010
+
Aulochiton sannerae Pojeta et al. 2010
G. †Bursata
Subor. †Chelodina Bergenhayn 1960
+
Fm. †Gotlandochitonidae Bergenhayn 1955
+
G. †Eochiton Smith and Toomey 1964
+
Eochiton arbucklensis Smith and Toomey 1964
G. †Gotlandochiton Bergenhayn 1955
+
Gotlandochiton hami Smith and Toomey 1964
Gotlandochiton interplicatus Bergenhayn 1955
G. †Ivoechiton Bergenhayn 1955
+
Ivoechiton calathicolus Smith and Toomey 1964
Ivoechiton levis Bergenhayn 1955
Ivoechiton oklahomensis Smith and Toomey 1964
G. †Paleochiton Smith and Toomey 1964
+
Paleochiton kindbladensis Smith and Toomey 1964
Fm. †Helminthochitonidae Van Belle 1975
+
G. †Diadelochiton Hoare 2002
+
Diadelochiton recavus Hoare 2002
G. †Helminthochiton Salter 1846
+
Helminthochiton papilio Whidborne 1892
Helminthochiton riddlei Frederickson 1962
Helminthochiton simplex Raymond 1910
Fm. †Preacanthochitonidae Bergenhayn 1960
+
G. †Listrochiton Hoare and Pojeta 2006
+
Listrochiton productus Bergenhayn 1960
Listrochiton weiri Hoare and Pojeta 2006
G. †Orthriochiton Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
+
Orthriochiton utahensis Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
Fm. †Scanochitonidae Bergenhayn 1955
+
+
Haeggochiton haeggi Bergenhayn 1955
+
Olingechiton triangulatus Bergenhayn 1943
+
Scanochiton jugatus Bergenhayn 1943
Fm. †Septemchitonidae Bergenhayn 1955
+
G. †Sarkachiton Dzik 1994
+
G. †Cobcrephora Bischoff 1981
Fm. †Echinochitonidae Pojeta et al. 2003
+
G. †Echinochiton Pojeta et al. 2003
+
Echinochiton dufoei Pojeta et al. 2003
G. †Enetoplax Cherns 1998
+
Enetoplax decora Cherns 1998
G. †Heloplax Cherns 1998
+
Heloplax papilla Cherns 1998
Fm. †Mattheviidae Walcott 1886
+
G. †Chelodes Davidson and King 1874
+
Chelodes actinis Cherns 1998
Chelodes acuminata Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
Chelodes bergmani Davidson and King 1874
Chelodes cooperi Bergenhayn 1960
Chelodes whitehousei Runnegar et al. 1979
Invalid names: Eochelodes [synonym], Praecanthochiton Bergenhayn 1960 [synonym]
G. †Conodia Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
+
Conodia levicosta Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
G. †Eukteanochiton Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
+
Eukteanochiton milleri Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
G. †Hemithecella Butts 1941
+
Hemithecella abrupta Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
Hemithecella eminensis Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
+
Invalid names: Elongata perplexa Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym], Hemithecella elongata Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym]
Hemithecella expansa Butts 1941
Hemithecella quinquelites Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
Invalid names: Elongata Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym]
G. †Matthevia Walcott 1885
+
Matthevia erecta Pojeta et al. 2005
Matthevia variabilis Walcott 1885
Matthevia wahwahensis Vendrasco and Runnegar 2004
Matthevia walcotti Runnegar et al. 1979
G. †Qaleruaqia Peel 2020
+
G. †Robustum Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
+
Robustum nodum Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
Robustum phallerium Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995
G. †Spicuchelodes Cherns 1998
+
Spicuchelodes cressmani Hoare and Pojeta 2006
Invalid names: Chelodidae Bergenhayn 1943 [synonym], Robustidae Stinchcomb and Darrough 1995 [synonym]
G. †Plectrochiton Cherns 1998
+
Plectrochiton tegulus Cherns 1998
G. †Priscochiton Dall 1881
+
Priscochiton canadensis Billings 1865
Or. †Septemchitonida Bergenhayn 1955
+
Fm. †Alastegiidae Hoare and Pojeta 2006
+
G. †Amblytochiton Hoare and Pojeta 2006
+
Amblytochiton incomptus Hoare and Pojeta 2006
G. †Thairoplax Cherns 1998
+
Thairoplax birhombivalvis Bergenhayn 1955
Thairoplax merriami Hoare 2000
Thairoplax pelta Cherns 1998
G. †Prisochiton Dall 1881
G. Trachydermon Carpenter 1864
Invalid names: Amphineura [synonym], Callochitonidae [empty], Mesoplacophora [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available