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Pharkidonotus percarinatus

Gastropoda - Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae

Taxonomy

Bellerophon percarinatus was named by Conrad (1842). It is not a trace fossil. It is the type species of Pharkidonotus.

It was recombined as Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus by Hoare (1961), Sturgeon (1964) and Yochelson and Saunders (1967); it was misspelled as Bellerophon pericarinatus by West (1970); it was recombined as Pharkidonotus percarinatus by Girty (1915), Morningstar (1922), Sturgeon (1937), Kues (1984), Kues (1985), Harper and Rollins (1985), Kues (1996), Kues and Batten (2001), Kues et al. (2002) and Wagner (2023).

Synonyms

Bellerophon tricarinatus was named by Shumard and Swallow (1858) [Shumard in Shumard & Swallow 1858 = Bellerophon percarinatus Norwood & Pratten 1855 p. 74 pl. 9 f. 4a-c]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nebraska City Section, Clay Pits southeast of Nebraska City, which is in a Virgilian marine shale in the Pillsbury Shale Formation of Nebraska.

It was recombined as Pharkidonotus percarinatus tricarinatus by Morningstar (1922); it was recombined as Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) tricarinatus by Knight and Bridge (1944); it was recombined as Pharkidonotus tricarinatus by Kues and Batten (2001); it was synonymized subjectively with Pharkidonotus percarinatus by Yochelson (1960) and Wagner (2023).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1842	Bellerophon percarinatus Conrad pp. 268 - 269 figs. pl. 16 f. 5
1858	Bellerophon tricarinatus Shumard and Swallow p. 204
1912	Bellerophon percarinatus Mark p. 298
1915	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Girty pp. 165 - 169 figs. pl. 19 f. 4-9a-c
1922	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Morningstar p. 248 figs. pl. 15 f. 6
1922	Pharkidonotus percarinatus tricarinatus Morningstar pp. 248 - 249
1937	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Sturgeon p. 357
1944	Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) tricarinatus Knight and Bridge p. 170 figs. 21-23
1961	Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus Hoare pp. 140-141 figs. pl. 19 f. 16-17
1964	Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus Sturgeon pp. 198 - 199 figs. pl. 31 f. 4-5
1967	Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus Yochelson and Saunders p. 48
1970	Bellerophon pericarinatus West
1984	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues p. 110 figs. f. 3.6-3.7
1985	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Harper and Rollins p. 23 figs. f. 6A-B
1985	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues p. 12 figs. f. 2A
1996	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues p. 179 figs. f. 6.27
2001	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues and Batten p. 13 figs. f. 3.13-3.22
2001	Pharkidonotus tricarinatus Kues and Batten p. 13
2002	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues et al. p. 125 figs. 3K-L
2023	Pharkidonotus percarinatus Wagner p. 5116

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
order	Bellerophontida	Ulrich and Scofield 1897
suborder	Bellerophontina
superfamily	Bellerophontoidea	()
family	Bellerophontidae
subfamily	Bellerophontinae
genus	Pharkidonotus
species	percarinatus	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Pharkidonotus percarinatus Conrad 1842

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Invalid names: Pharkidonotus tricarinatus Shumard and Swallow 1858 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
B. S. Kues et al. 2002	The shell surface is characterized by a prominent, elevated, median ridge that bears a narrow selenizone on its crest, and by closely spaced, conspicuous collabral folds that form nodes where they meet the medial ridge and curve gently laterally across the shell surface to the umbilical region. Approximately eight folds are present on the body whorl of a typical specimen. Other than these folds, the shell surface is smooth and lacks ornamentation. The inductura is thickened and knob-like, and undulates where it covers collabral folds early on the body whorl. The lateral lips meet the sides of the body whorl with slight curvature, producing an anomphalous umbilical area.