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Emydidae
Taxonomy
Emydidae was named by Rafinesque (1815). It is extant. Its type is Emys. It was considered monophyletic by Joyce et al. (2004) and Vlachos (2018).
It was assigned to Cryptodira by Hay (1902); to Cryptodiri by Jaekel (1911); to Emydoidae by Hay (1930); to Chelonia by Owen (1842), Leidy (1873) and Stirton (1953); to Testudines by Shoshani et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Testudines by Böhme (2008); to Cryptodira by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Kuhn (1946), Weems and George (2001), Staesche et al. (2007) and Vlachos and Delfino (2016); to Panemydidae by Joyce et al. (2004) and Vlachos (2018); and to Testudinoidea by Baur (1893), Gaffney (1975), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Parham et al. (2008), van Dijk et al. (2014), Jasinski (2018), de la Fuente et al. (2018) and Vlachos (2021).
It was assigned to Cryptodira by Hay (1902); to Cryptodiri by Jaekel (1911); to Emydoidae by Hay (1930); to Chelonia by Owen (1842), Leidy (1873) and Stirton (1953); to Testudines by Shoshani et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Testudines by Böhme (2008); to Cryptodira by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Kuhn (1946), Weems and George (2001), Staesche et al. (2007) and Vlachos and Delfino (2016); to Panemydidae by Joyce et al. (2004) and Vlachos (2018); and to Testudinoidea by Baur (1893), Gaffney (1975), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Parham et al. (2008), van Dijk et al. (2014), Jasinski (2018), de la Fuente et al. (2018) and Vlachos (2021).
Subtaxa
Batagurinae, Callagur, Chelonemys, Chelopus, Chrysemys limnodytes, Clemmys hutchensorum, Clemmys saxea, Deirochelyinae, Deirochelys floridana, Emydinae, Emydoidea, Emydoidea hutchisoni, Emys (type genus), Epiemys, Glyptemys (syn. Calemys), Grayemys, Gyremys, Hieremys, Hybemys, Lyssemys, Malacoclemmys, Palaeotheca, Polyechmatemys, Pseudemys (syn. Nectemys, Ptychemys), Pseudemys bisornatus, Pseudemys extincta, Pseudemys hillii, Pseudochrysemys, Pseudograptemys, Pyxidea, Sakya, Senryuemys, Shansiemys, Sharemys, Terrapene (syn. Cistudo, Toxaspis)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1815 | Emydidae Rafinesque p. 612 |
1842 | Emydidae Owen p. 160 |
1871 | Emydidae Cope p. 235 |
1873 | Emydidae Leidy p. 340 |
1875 | Emydidae Cope p. 16 |
1877 | Pseudemys bisornatus Cope p. 228 |
1878 | Pseudemys hillii Cope p. 395 |
1882 | Cistudinidae Cope |
1890 | Emydidae Zittel p. 537 |
1893 | Emydidae Baur p. 675 |
1902 | Emydidae Hay p. 447 |
1902 | Trachemys bisornata Hay p. 449 |
1902 | Trachemys hilli Hay p. 449 |
1903 | Clemmys saxea Hay |
1908 | Deirochelys floridana Hay |
1908 | Pseudemys extincta Hay |
1908 | Deirochelys floridana Hay p. 346 |
1911 | Emydidae Jaekel p. 186 |
1930 | Emydidae Hay p. 93 |
1930 | Clemmys saxea Hay p. 94 |
1930 | Deirochelys floridana Hay p. 97 |
1930 | Pseudemys extincta Hay p. 97 |
1930 | Trachemys bisornata Hay p. 97 |
1930 | Trachemys hilli Hay p. 97 |
1946 | Emydidae Kuhn p. 58 |
1948 | Chrysemys limnodytes Galbreath p. 269 |
1953 | Emydidae Stirton p. 612 |
1968 | Pseudemys hilli Adler p. 37 |
1975 | Emydidae Gaffney p. 429 |
1988 | Emydidae Carroll |
1988 | Emydidae Holman and Case p. 329 |
1989 | Emydidae Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
1990 | Emydidae Holman et al. p. 524 |
1993 | Emydidae de Broin and de la Fuente p. 10 |
1995 | Emydoidea hutchisoni Holman p. 549 |
1996 | Emydidae Frank and Ramus |
2001 | Emydidae Weems and George p. 576 |
2002 | Emydoidea hutchisoni Holman p. 439 |
2003 | Emydoidea hutchisoni Holman |
2004 | Emydidae Joyce et al. |
2007 | Emydidae Staesche et al. |
2008 | Emydidae Böhme p. 168 |
2008 | Emydidae Parham et al. |
2014 | Emydidae van Dijk et al. |
2016 | Clemmys hutchensorum Bourque |
2016 | Emydidae Vlachos and Delfino |
2018 | Emydidae Jasinski |
2018 | Emydidae Vlachos |
2018 | Emydidae de la Fuente et al. |
2021 | Emydidae Vlachos |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Emydidae Rafinesque 1815
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Subfm. Batagurinae Gray 1870
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G. Chinemys Smith 1931
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Chinemys nigricans Gray 1834 [Redneck pond turtle]
†Chinemys palaeannamitica Bourret 1941
Chinemys reevesii Gray 1931 [Chinese pond turtle]
G. Kachuga Gray 1869 [roofed turtle]
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Kachuga dhongoka Gray 1835 [Three-striped roofed turtle]
Kachuga kachuga Gray 1831 [Red-crowned roofed turtle]
Kachuga trivitatta Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [Burmese roofed turtle]
G. Callagur Schlegel and Muller 1844
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Callagur borneoensis Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Painted terrapin]
G. †Chelonemys Jourdan 1862
G. Chelopus Rafinesque
Subfm. Deirochelyinae Agassiz 1857
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G. Chrysemys Gray 1844 [painted turtle]
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Subg. †Chrysemys (Pseudemys) Gray 1856
†Chrysemys corniculata Jasinski 2022
Chrysemys dorsalis Agassiz 1857 [Southern painted turtle]
†Chrysemys isoni Weems and George 2001
†Chrysemys lachati Sauvage 1873
†Chrysemys lavrovi Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977
Chrysemys picta Schneider 1783 [painted turtle]
†Chrysemys platymarginata Weaver and Robertson 1967
†Chrysemys sculptata de Stefano 1902
†Chrysemys timida Hay 1908
Invalid names: Baicalemys Ivaniev and Khosatzky 1977 [synonym]
G. Deirochelys Agassiz 1857 [chicken turtle]
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†Deirochelys carri Jackson 1978
Deirochelys reticularia Latreille 1801 [Chicken turtle]
G. Graptemys Agassiz 1857 [map turtle]
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Graptemys barbouri Carr and Marchand 1942 [Barbour's map turtle]
Graptemys caglei Haynes and McKown 1974 [Cagles map turtle]
Graptemys ernsti Lovich and McCoy 1992 [Escambia map turtle]
Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle 1954 [Yellow-blotched map turtle]
Graptemys geographica Le Sueur 1817 [common map turtle]
Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy 1992 [Pascagoula map turtle]
†Graptemys kerneri Ehret and Bourque 2011
Graptemys kohni Baur 1890 [Mississippi map turtle]
Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle 1954 [Black-knobbed map turtle]
Graptemys oculifera Baur 1890 [Ringed map turtle]
Graptemys ouachitensis Cagle 1953 [Ouachita map turtle]
Graptemys pearlensis Ennen et al. 2010 [Pearl River map turtle]
Graptemys pseudogeographica Gray 1831
Graptemys pulchra Baur 1893 [Alabama map turtle]
Graptemys sabinensis Cagle 1953 [Sabine map turtle]
Graptemys versa Stejneger 1925 [Texas map turtle]
†Graptemys yamashitai Urata 1968
G. Malaclemys Gray 1844 [diamondback terrapin]
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Malaclemys terrapin Schoepff 1793 [diamondback terrapin]
G. Trachemys Agassiz 1857 [slider]
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Trachemys adiutrix Vanzolini 1995
†Trachemys antiqua Clark 1937
Trachemys callirostris Gray 1856
Trachemys decorata Barbour and Carr 1940 [Hispaniolan slider]
Trachemys decussata Gray 1831 [North Antillean slider]
Trachemys dorbigni Dumeril and Bibron 1835
Trachemys emolli Legler 1990 [Nicaraguan slider]
Trachemys gaigeae Hartweg 1939 [Big Bend slider]
Trachemys grayi Bocourt 1868 [Gray's slider]
†Trachemys haugrudi Jasinski 2018
†Trachemys inflata Weaver and Robertson 1967
Trachemys nebulosa Van Denburgh 1895 [Baja California slider]
Trachemys ornata Gray 1830 [Ornate slider]
Trachemys scripta Schoepff 1792 [slider]
†Trachemys sculpta Hay 1908
Trachemys stejnegeri Schmidt 1928 [Central Antillean slider]
Trachemys taylori Legler 1960 [Cuatro Cienegas slider]
Trachemys terrapen Lacépède 1788 [Jamaican slider]
Trachemys venusta Gray 1856 [MesoAmerican slider]
Trachemys yaquia Legler and Webb 1970 [Yaqui slider]
Invalid names: Callichelys Gray 1863 [synonym], Redamia Gray 1870 [synonym], Trachemys jarmani Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Trachemys trulla Hay 1908 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. Emydinae Rafinesque 1815
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G. Actinemys Agassiz 1857
G. Clemmys Ritgen 1828
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†Clemmys gaudryi Depéret 1885
†Clemmys schansiensis Ping 1932
†Clemmys ukoi Bachmayer 1957
G. Emyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
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G. Emydoidea Gray 1870 [Blanding's turtle]
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Emydoidea blandingii Holbrook 1838 [Blanding's turtle]
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Invalid names: Emys twentei Taylor 1943 [synonym]
G. Emys Dumeril 1806 [pond turtle]
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†Emys cuvieri Gray 1831
Emys dhongoka Gray 1834 [Three-striped roofed turtle]
†Emys hordwellensis Seeley 1876
Emys kachuga Gray 1831 [Red-crowned roofed turtle]
†Emys lucii Gray 1831
Emys marmorata Baird and Girard 1852 [western pond turtle]
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Invalid names: Clemmys owyheensis Brattstrom and Sturn 1959 [synonym]
Emys orbicularis Linnaeus 1758 [European pond turtle]
Emys sigriz Michahelles 1829
Emys trinacris Fritz et al. 2005 [Sicilian pond turtle]
Emys vulgaris Gray 1831
†Emys wermuthi Mlynarski 1956
†Emys wyomingensis Leidy 1870
†Ocadia sinensis changwui Tao 1988
Invalid names: Emys namadicus Theobald 1860 [nomen nudum]
G. Glyptemys Agassiz 1857
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Glyptemys insculpta Le Conte 1830 [wood turtle]
Glyptemys muhlenbergii Schoepff 1801 [bog turtle]
†Glyptemys valentinensis Holman and Fritz 2001
Invalid names: Calemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Grayemys Chkhikvadze 1970
G. Hieremys Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtles]
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Hieremys annandalii Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtle]
G. †Hybemys Leidy 1871
G. Malacoclemmys Gray 1844
G. †Palaeotheca Cope 1872
G. Pseudemys Gray 1856 [cooter]
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Pseudemys alabamensis Baur 1893 [Alabama red-bellied turtle]
†Pseudemys caelata Hay 1908
†Pseudemys carri Rose and Weaver 1966
Pseudemys concinna Le Conte 1830 [eastern river cooter]
Pseudemys floridana Le Conte 1830 [peninsula cooter]
Pseudemys gorzugi Ward 1984
†Pseudemys idahoensis Gilmore 1933
Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, Jr. 1938 [Florida red-bellied turtle]
Pseudemys peninsularis Carr 1938
Pseudemys rubriventris Le Conte 1830 [American red-bellied turtle]
Pseudemys texana Baur 1893
†Pseudemys williamsi Rose and Weaver 1966
Invalid names: Nectemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Ptychemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Pseudochrysemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
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†Pseudochrysemys gobiensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
G. †Pseudograptemys Hutchison 1996
G. †Sakya Carroll 1988
G. Terrapene Merrem 1820 [box turtle]
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Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758 [common box turtle]
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Testudo carolina bauri Taylor 1894 [Florida box turtle]
Testudo carolina carolina Linnaeus 1758 [Eastern box turtle]
Testudo carolina major Agassiz 1857 [Gulf Coast box turtle]
Testudo carolina triunguis Agassiz 1857 [three-toed box turtle]
Invalid names: Terrapene innoxia Hay 1916 [synonym]
Terrapene coahuila Schmidt and Owens 1944
†Terrapene corneri Holman and Fritz 2005
†Terrapene impensa Hay 1924
Terrapene klauberi Bogert 1943
Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger 1925
Terrapene ornata Agassiz 1857 [Western box turtle]
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Invalid names: Terrapene longinsulae Hay 1909 [synonym], Terrapene whitneyi Hay 1916 [synonym]
†Terrapene parornata Joyce et al. 2012
†Terrapene putnami Hay 1906 [box turtle]
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Invalid names: Terrapene antipex Hay 1916 [synonym], Terrapene canaliculata Hay 1907 [synonym], Terrapene llanensis Oelrich 1953 [synonym]
†Terrapene singletoni Gilmore 1927
†Testudo carolina longinsulae Hay 1908
Invalid names: Cistudo Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Cistudo marnochii Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Terrapene bulverda Hay 1920 [nomen dubium], Terrapene hibernaculum Kuhn 1964 [nomen nudum], Terrapene impressa Hay 1924 [nomen dubium], Toxaspis Cope 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chrysemys limnodytes Galbreath 1948 [nomen dubium], Cistudinidae Cope 1882 [synonym], Clemmys hutchensorum Bourque 2016 [nomen dubium], Clemmys saxea Hay 1903 [nomen dubium], Deirochelys floridana Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Emydoidea hutchisoni Holman 1995 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys bisornatus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys extincta Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys hillii Cope 1878 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Uetz 2005, Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Holocene or 208.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.3 Ma
Collections (421 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Rhaetian | Italy (Lombardy) | Emydidae indet. (38083) | |
Early/Lower Cenomanian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Pseudochrysemys sp. (64685) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Emydidae indet. (59410) | |
Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Emydinae indet. (14505 14519 14538 14566) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Emydinae indet. (13142) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Emydinae indet. (14585) | |
Puercan - Torrejonian | USA (New Mexico) | Emys sp. (131857) | |
Torrejonian | USA (Montana) | Emydidae indet. (14913) | |
Tiffanian | USA (California) | Emydidae indet. (14872) | |
Tiffanian | USA (North Dakota) | Emydidae indet. (27640) | |
Clarkforkian | USA (Wyoming) | Emydidae indet. A (15085 15091 15107 15111 15155 15157 15158 15168 15176) Emydidae indet. B (15119 15124 15134 15135 15156 15170 15171 15172 15212) Emydidae indet. B, Emydidae indet. A (15109 15159) | |
Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Chrysemys sculptata (178051) | |
Wasatchian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Emydinae indet. (15583) | |
Wasatchian | USA (Wyoming) | Emydidae indet. (15590 27268 46639) Emys sp. (180111) | |
Bumbanian | Mongolia (Southern Mongolia) | Pseudochrysemys gobiensis (37206) | |
Early/Lower Eocene | China (Jiangxi) | Emys sp. (182565) | |
Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Chrysemys wyomingensis (16284) Emydidae indet. (15837 27269) Emys wyomingensis (16211 128447 130809) Palaeotheca sp. (16296) | |
Lutetian | France (Herault) | Cistudo eocaenica (177493) | |
Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Emys wyomingensis (81455) | |
Late/Upper Uintan | USA (Texas) | Emydidae indet. (16542) |