PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cadulus

Scaphopoda - Gadilida - Gadilidae

Taxonomy

Cadulus was named by Philippi (1844) [Sepkoski's age data: K l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It is extant. Its type is Dentalium ovulum.

It was assigned to Dentaliidae by Martin (1904); to Siphonodentaliidae by Palmer (1923), Gardner (1947), Harris and Palmer (1947), Emerson (1957), Ward and Blackwelder (1987) and Wienrich (1999); to Scaphopoda by Mansfield (1925) and Sepkoski (2002); to Gadilidae by Wells and Houston (2001) and Caetano et al. (2006); and to Gadilinae by Reynolds and Steiner (2008).

Species

C. (Cadulus), C. (Platyschides), C. acuminatus, C. bellulus, C. caronensis, C. conradi, C. eliezeri, C. infans, C. jacksonensis, C. juvenis, C. nerta, C. newtonensis, C. nitentior, C. nutans, C. ovulum, C. parianus, C. thallus, C. waynensis, C. yatalensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. aldrichi, C. antarctotubulus, C. bisissura, C. dentalinus, C. epetrion, C. lobion, C. ouachitensis, C. phoenicea, C. subcoarcuatus, C. subcoarcuatus, C. subfusiformis, C. tetraschistus, C. volvulus, C. zecaninus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1844	Cadulus Philippi
1904	Cadulus Martin p. 272
1923	Cadulus Palmer p. 303
1925	Cadulus Mansfield p. 61
1947	Cadulus Gardner p. 628
1947	Cadulus Harris and Palmer p. 216
1957	Cadulus Emerson p. 986
1987	Cadulus Ward and Blackwelder p. 131
1999	Cadulus Wienrich p. 266
2001	Cadulus Wells and Houston p. 122
2002	Cadulus Sepkoski
2006	Cadulus Caetano et al. pp. 31, 33
2008	Cadulus Reynolds and Steiner p. 147 figs. Table 7.2

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Scaphopoda	Bronn 1862
order	Gadilida	Starobogatov 1982
suborder	Gadilimorpha	Steiner 1992
family	Gadilidae	Stoliczka 1868
subfamily	Gadilinae	Stoliczka 1868
genus	Cadulus	Philippi 1844

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cadulus Philippi 1844

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Subg. †Cadulus (Cadulus) Philippi 1844

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†Cadulus (Cadulus) mcfarlandae Emerson 1957

†Cadulus (Cadulus) meganosensis Palmer 1923

Subg. †Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson 1920

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†Cadulus (Platyschides) addicotti Emerson 1957

†Cadulus (Platyschides) durhami Emerson 1957

†Cadulus (Platyschides) gabbi Sharp and Pilsbry 1898

Invalid names: Dentalium pusillum Gabb 1864 [replaced]

†Cadulus acuminatus Tate 1887

†Cadulus bellulus Clark 1895

†Cadulus caronensis Mansfield 1925

†Cadulus conradi Pilsbry and Harbison 1933

Cadulus eliezeri Caetano et al. 2006

†Cadulus infans Tate 1899

†Cadulus jacksonensis Harris and Palmer 1947

†Cadulus juvenis Meyer 1886

Cadulus nerta Caetano et al. 2006

†Cadulus newtonensis Meyer and Aldrich 1886

†Cadulus nitentior Arnold 1903

†Cadulus nutans Böhm 1891

†Cadulus ovulum Philippi 1844

†Cadulus parianus Guppy 1896

†Cadulus thallus Conrad 1834

†Cadulus waynensis Mansfield 1940

†Cadulus yatalensis Ludbrook 1956

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	12	3.30	1.70	5.00	3.80	1.04
entire specimen height	1	4.00	-	-	-	-

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

shallow infaunalo

Diet:

deposit feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2009-09-15 09:39:16

Modified:

2009-10-11 14:32:04

Source: o = order, c = class

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Valanginian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 139.80000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 132.9 Ma

Collections (461 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Valanginian	139.8 - 132.9	USA (Oregon)	C. sp. (52308)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	USA (Kansas)	C. praetenuis (2005 2007 2008 2012 2018 2029 2037 2042 2045)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Texas)	C. praetenuis (6595 6604) C. sp. (2120)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	C. obnutus (211326 225659 225660)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (New Mexico)	C. praetenuis (44284)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Arizona)	C. praetenuis (53401)
Coniacian	89.8 - 86.3	USA (California)	Dentalium pusillum (44232)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	USA (North Carolina)	C. obnutus (190555)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Germany	C. nutans (221906)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Delaware)	C. obnutus (6132)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Mississippi)	Cadulus indet. (32139 32140 32141 32142) C. sp. (6656 6660)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Tennessee)	C. obnutus (88357)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	C. coonensis (7504 7509)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	C. sp. (82638)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Arkansas)	C. obnutus (4390)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	C. obnutus, C. sp. (205445)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	C. coonensis, C. obnutus (7494) C. obnutus (7564 7570 205541)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	C. sp. (205512)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	C. obnutus (4245 4246 4253 4255 4263 4275 4276 4285 4328 4329 4332) C. sp. (4240)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	C. obnutus (4265 4266 4267 4268 4269 4277 4282 4294 4300 4301 4302 4311 4312 4313 4314 4316 4317 4318 4319 4320)