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Crassostrea virginica

Bivalvia - Ostreida - Ostreidae

Taxonomy
Ostrea virginica was named by Gmelin (1791) [DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of St Lawrence-West Indies (Recent); Massachusetts-Texas (Pleistocene).]. It is extant.

It was corrected as Ostrea virginiana by Holmes (1860), Dall (1898) and Clark (1906); it was recombined as Ostrea (Crassostrea) virginica by Olsson and Harbison (1953); it was recombined as Crassostrea virginica by Sacco (1897), DuBar (1958), Richards (1962), De Buisonjé (1974), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Ward (1998), Spencer et al. (2004), Bolton and Portell (2013) and Raith et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1791Ostrea virginica Gmelin
1860Ostrea virginiana Holmes p. 10
1897Crassostrea virginica Sacco
1898Ostrea virginiana Dall
1906Ostrea virginiana Clark
1953Ostrea (Crassostrea) virginica Olsson and Harbison p. 49
1958Crassostrea virginica DuBar p. 158
1962Crassostrea virginica Richards p. 55
1974Crassostrea virginica De Buisonjé p. 231 figs. Pl 8, fig 2
1987Crassostrea virginica Ward and Blackwelder p. 144
1998Crassostrea virginica Ward p. 79
2004Crassostrea virginica Spencer et al.
2013Crassostrea virginica Bolton and Portell p. 74
2016Crassostrea virginica Raith et al. p. 269 figs. Fig. 3

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
RankNameAuthor
—OstreomorphiFerussac 1822
—OstreioniFerussac 1822
—OstreataFerussac 1822
superorderOstreiformiiFerussac 1822
orderOstreida(Fërussac 1822)
suborderOstreidina(Ferussac 1822)
superfamilyOstreoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyOstreidaeRafinesque 1815
genusCrassostreaSacco 1897
speciesvirginica(Gmelin 1791)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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†Crassostrea virginica auroraensis Ward and Blackwelder 1987
†Crassostrea virginica labellensis Olsson and Harbison 1953
†Ostrea virginica falconensis Hodson et al. 1927
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitef
Environment: hypersaline, marine, brackishf
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Life habit: epifaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-08-18 17:09:48
Modified: 2009-08-18 19:09:48
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2003

Age range: base of the Paleocene to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (131 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0India (Gujarat) Crassostrea virginica (171803)
Early/Lower Oligocene - Middle Miocene33.9 - 11.608Haiti Ostrea virginica (173458)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97USA (New Jersey) Ostrea virginica (59335 59336 59717 59720)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Venezuela (Falcon) Ostrea virginica (61019 61033 61035 61038)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Delaware) Crassostrea virginica (18579)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Dominican Republic Ostrea virginica (58817)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Venezuela (Falcon) Ostrea virginica (61024 61026 135499)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Venezuela Crassostrea virginica (130981)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Dominican Republic Ostrea virginica (58870)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Venezuela (Falcon) Ostrea virginica (61036)
Late/Upper Miocene - Pliocene11.608 - 2.588Netherlands Antilles Crassostrea virginica (209191)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Venezuela (Falcon) Ostrea virginica (60802)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Dominican Republic Ostrea virginica (58821 58874)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Trinidad and Tobago Crassostrea virginica (60415 60417 60647)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Venezuela (Falcon) Ostrea virginica (60804)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Crassostrea virginica (41749)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Venezuela Crassostrea virginica (131237)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Virginia) Crassostrea virginica (80038)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (North Carolina) Crassostrea virginica (79708)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Mexico (Veracruz) Ostrea virginica (59292)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Panama Ostrea virginica (80304 80307)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (North Carolina) Crassostrea virginica (58897 80033 80034 80035)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (South Carolina) Crassostrea virginica (60944 66762) Ostrea virginiana (92407) Ostrea virginica (92408)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Crassostrea virginica (41497 41718 61309 79786 80024) Ostrea virginica (79335)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Delaware) Crassostrea virginica (66701 66702)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (New Jersey) Crassostrea virginica (66600 66603 66611 66612 66614 66615 66616 66617 66618 66621 66622 66623 66624 66625 66626 66627 66628)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Crassostrea virginica (7108)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Crassostrea virginica (80083) Ostrea virginiana (79950)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (New York) Crassostrea virginica (66377 66380)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Florida) Crassostrea virginica (41705)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (South Carolina) Ostrea virginiana (79767)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) Ostrea virginica (67069)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Crassostrea virginica (66724 66725 66726 66727)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New York) Crassostrea virginica (81751)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New York) Ostrea virginica (61270)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Massachusetts) Ostrea virginica (61267 61268 61269)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Crassostrea virginica (60924 60925 60926 60927 60930 66756 66758 66760 69046) Ostrea virginica (92404)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Crassostrea virginica (57702 57703 57704 57705 57706 69048 69049)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (North Carolina) Crassostrea virginica (66742 66746 66747 66748 66749 66750 66751 66754 66763 69045 69047)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Maryland) Crassostrea virginica (66706 66707 66708 66709 66717 66718 66720 66721 66722 66728 71640)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Crassostrea virginica (69034 79731 96538)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Louisiana) Crassostrea virginica (41934 41935 41936 92772 92775 92776)