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Alcinae
Taxonomy
Alcinae was named by Leach (1820). It is extant.
It was assigned to Alcidae by Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Howard (1982), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Wijnker and Olson (2009), Smith and Mayr (2013), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Watanabe et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Alcidae by Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Howard (1982), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Wijnker and Olson (2009), Smith and Mayr (2013), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Watanabe et al. (2020).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1820 | Alcinae Leach |
| 1930 | Alcinae Hay p. 343 |
| 1933 | Alcinae Lambrecht p. 551 |
| 1940 | Alcinae Wetmore p. 63 |
| 1956 | Alcinae Wetmore p. 78 |
| 1982 | Alcinae Howard p. 3 |
| 2001 | Alcinae Olson and Rasmussen p. 269 |
| 2009 | Alcinae Wijnker and Olson |
| 2013 | Alcinae Smith and Mayr p. 777 |
| 2014 | Alcinae del Hoyo et al. |
| 2020 | Alcinae Watanabe et al. p. 10 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Alcinae Leach 1820
show all | hide all
G. Brachyramphus Brandt 1837
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Brachyramphus brevirostris Vigors 1829 [Kittlitz's murrelet]
†Brachyramphus dunkeli Chandler 1990
Brachyramphus marmoratus Gmelin 1789 [Marbled murrelet]
Brachyramphus perdix Pallas 1811 [Long-billed murrelet]
†Brachyramphus pliocenum Howard 1949
G. Cerorhinca Bonaparte 1828
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†Cerorhinca dubia Miller 1925
†Cerorhinca minor Howard 1971
Cerorhinca monocerata Pallas 1811 [rhinoceros auklet]
†Cerorhinca reai Chandler 1990
G. †Mancalla Lucas 1901
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†Mancalla californiensis Lucas 1901
†Mancalla cedrosensis Howard 1971
†Mancalla lucasi Smith 2011
†Mancalla vegrandis Smith 2011
Invalid names: Pliolunda Miller 1937 [synonym]
G. †Pinguinus Bonnaterre 1790 [Great auk]
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†Pinguinus alfrednewtoni Olson 1977
†Pinguinus impennis Linnaeus 1758 [Great auk]
G. Synthliboramphus Brandt 1837
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Synthliboramphus antiquum Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus antiquus Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus craveri Salvadori 1865 [Craveri's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Xantas 1860 [Guadalupe murrelet]
†Synthliboramphus rineyi Chandler 1990
Synthliboramphus scrippsi Green and Arnold 1939 [Scripps's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus wumizusume Temminck 1835 [Japanese murrelet]
Invalid names: Endomychura Oberholser 1899 [synonym]
G. Uria Brisson 1760
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Uria aalge Pontoppidan 1763 [Common murre]
†Uria affinis Marsh 1872
†Uria antiqua Marsh 1870
†Uria brodkorbi Howard 1981
Uria lomvia Linnaeus 1758 [Thick-billed murre]
†Uria onoi Watanabe et al. 2016
†Uria paleohesperis Howard 1982
†Uria troile Lydekker 1891
Invalid names: Alcini Storer 1960 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983, Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Langhian to the top of the Holocene or 15.97000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Collections (245 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Langhian | USA (Maryland) | Pseudocepphus teres (89550) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | USA (California) | Cerorhinca sp. (121152) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Schleswig–Holstein) | Alcini indet. (124766) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Uria brodkorbi, Cerorhinca dubia (45489) Uria sp. (13300) Uria sp., Uria paleohesperis (50069) | |
| Tortonian - Piacenzian | USA (California) | Uria brodkorbi (188305) | |
| Messinian | Mexico (Baja California) | Mancalla sp. (13090) Synthliboramphus sp., Mancalla cedrosensis, Cerorhinca minor (45458) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | Mancalla californiensis (120822) | |
| Zanclean | USA (California) | Mancalla californiensis (125948) Mancalla sp., Mancalla cedrosensis (50068) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Cerorhinca sp., Alca antiqua, Pinguinus alfrednewtoni (52582) | |
| Zanclean | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Mancalla cedrosensis, Cerorhinca minor (121126) Mancalla cedrosensis, Endomychura sp. (121127) | |
| Pliocene | Belgium (Beveren) | Alca antiqua (125090) | |
| Pliocene | USA (North Carolina) | Catarractes antiquus (88839) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Alca antiqua (59003) | |
| Zanclean - Calabrian | USA (California) | Mancalla lucasi (120821) | |
| Blancan | USA (California) | Brachyramphus pliocenum (177997 178011 178019) Brachyramphus pliocenum, Brachyramphus dunkeli, Synthliboramphus rineyi, Cerorhinca reai (178007) Cerorhinca reai (177987) Mancalla diegenesis (177990 177991 178017) Mancalla diegenesis, Brachyramphus pliocenum (178008) Mancalla diegenesis, Brachyramphus pliocenum, Synthliboramphus rineyi (177992) Mancalla diegenesis, Mancalla sp., Brachyramphus dunkeli (178020) Mancalla diegenesis, Synthliboramphus rineyi (178170) Mancalla diegenesis, Synthliboramphus rineyi, Cerorhinca reai, Mancalla vegrandis (178021) Mancalla sp. (178000 178005 178171) Synthliboramphus rineyi (178006) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (California) | Mancalla californiensis (121151) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Cerorhinca sp., Brachyramphus dunkeli, Synthliboramphus rineyi, Cerorhinca reai, Mancalla lucasi, Mancalla vegrandis, Mancalla californiensis, Brachyramphus pliocenus (19703) Mancalla californiensis (46067) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | USA (California) | Mancalla californiensis, Brachyramphus pliocenus (120823) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | USA (Alaska) | Uria lomvia (194945) | |
| Gelasian | United Kingdom (England) | Uria aalge (77747) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Italy | Pinguinus impennis (71473) | |
| Pleistocene | Portugal | Pinguinus impennis (122307) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Alca impennis (88532) | |
| Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Pinguinus impennis (122802) Uria aalge (84854) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | Synthliboramphus antiquus (176094) Synthliboramphus antiquus, Cerorhinca monocerata, Synthliboramphus scrippsi (176098) Uria aalge (176101) Uria aalge, Synthliboramphus antiquus (176095 176096) | |
| Pleistocene | Poland | Pinguinus impennis (122810) | |
| Pleistocene | Portugal (Madeira Island Group) | Pinguinus impennis (122815) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Maine) | Catarractes affinis (176640) | |
| Pleistocene | France | Pinguinus impennis (122312) | |
| Pleistocene | Italy | Pinguinus impennis (122806) | |
| Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Pinguinus impennis, Uria aalge (125440) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Uria sp. (28221) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | Synthliboramphus antiquus (20639) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greenland | Alle alle (75197) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Aomori) | Mancalla sp., Uria onoi (101897) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Pinguinus impennis (195048 195049) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Chiba) | Mancalla sp., Alle alle (56359) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Bermuda | Pinguinus impennis (122305) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Synthliboramphus antiquus (84881) | |
| Rancholabrean (glacial) | USA (California) | Mancalla sp. (20624) | |
| Rancholabrean - Holocene | USA (California) | Cerorhinca sp., Synthliboramphus antiqus, Uria aalge, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus (84904) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Alle alle (125322) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | France (Haute-Pyrenees) | Alle alle (125313) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Norway | Alle alle (227340) Pinguinus impennis, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia (73689) Uria sp., Plautus alle (162578) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan (Aomori) | Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Synthliboramphus antiquus, Uria onoi (210642) Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Synthliboramphus antiquus, Uria onoi, Mancalla sp. (101898) Uria lomvia, Uria onoi (195045) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain (Vizcaya) | Alle alle (125319) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Alle alle (125321) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Synthliboramphus antiquus (125235 125237) Synthliboramphus antiquus, Cerorhinca monocerata, Brachyramphus marmoratus, Synthliboramphus scrippsi (123918) Synthliboramphus antiquus, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus (125234) Uria aalge (59063 93483 190889) Uria aalge, Synthliboramphus antiquus (120827 120828) Uria aalge, Synthliboramphus antiquus, Cerorhinca monocerata, Brachyramphus marmoratus, Synthliboramphus scrippsi (215552) Uria aalge, Synthliboramphus antiquus, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus (120829 120830 125236 176102) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico | Endomychura hypoleuca (192635) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain (Santander) | Alle alle (125320) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom | Alle alle (124961) Uria aalge (216960) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Italy | Pinguinus impennis (122310 197957) Pinguinus impennis, Uria aalge (122311) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Nunavut) | Alle alle (73697) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Pinguinus impennis, Uria aalge (122309) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greenland | Uria uria (227031) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal | Pinguinus impennis (197768) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Germany (Bayern) | Alle alle (125315) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | France (Jura) | Alle alle (125273) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | France (Lot) | Alle alle (125314) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ireland (Sligo) | Alle alle (125316) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | France | Alle alle (125272) Pinguinus impennis (122308) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Norway (Sunnmore) | Uria sp., Alle alle, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia (125317) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Pinguinus impennis, Uria aalge (57706 73485) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Gibraltar | Alle alle, Pinguinus impennis (90037) Pinguinus impennis, Uria aalge (122805) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Poland (Malopolskie) | Alle alle (125318) | |
| Holocene | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Alca impennis (122690 122691 122692 122693 122694) | |
| Holocene | Faroe Islands | Alca impennis (122687 122688 122689) | |
| Holocene | Denmark | Alca impennis (122630 122631 122632 122633 122634 122635 122636 122637 122638) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Uria lomvia (51005) | |
| Holocene | USA (Florida) | Pinguinus impennis (122076) Pinguinus impennis, Uria aalge (122303) Plautus impennis (122077) | |
| Holocene | USA (Maine) | Alca impennis (122439 122445 122446 122447 122448 122449 122450 122625 122626 176524) | |
| Holocene | Iceland | Alca impennis (122621 122677 122678 122679 122681) Pinguinus impennis (122269) | |
| Holocene | Greenland | Alca impennis (122684 122685 122686) Alle alle (177152 230120) Pinguinus impennis (122249 122250 122251 122252 122253 122254 122255 122256 122257 122258 122259 122260 122261 122262 122263 122264 122265 122266 122267 122268) | |
| Holocene | Canada (New Brunswick) | Alca impennis (122451) | |
| Holocene | Norway | Alca impennis (122665 122666 122667 122668 122669 122671 122672 122674 122675) | |
| Holocene | Spain | Pinguinus impennis (122819 122826) | |
| Holocene | Sweden | Alca impennis (122639 122640 122641) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Nunavut) | Plautus alle, Uria lomvia (229484) Uria lomvia (228896 229489) | |
| Holocene | United Kingdom (England) | Alca impennis (122695 122696 122699) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Alca impennis (122452 122453) Pinguinus impennis (122099 122270) | |
| Holocene | Ireland | Alca impennis (122698) | |
| Holocene | United Kingdom | Pinguinus impennis (122100 122101 122102 122104 122105 122107 122110 122111 122112 122113 122114) | |
| Holocene | USA (Alaska) | Brachyramphus sp., Uria lomvia, Synthliboramphus antiquus, Cerorhinca monocerata (177179) Synthliboramphus antiquus (70587) Uria sp., Uria aalge, Synthliboramphus antiquus, Cerorhinca monocerata (177178) | |
| Holocene | United Kingdom (Wales) | Alle alle, Uria aalge (125439) | |
| Holocene | Morocco | Pinguinus impennis (122304) | |
| Holocene | Netherlands | Pinguinus impennis (122115) | |
| Holocene | United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) | Alca impennis (122697) | |
| Holocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Alca impennis (122438 122440 122441 122442 122443 122444) | |
| Holocene | USA (California) | Uria aalge (194880) Uria sp. (194905 194908 194909 194911 194912 194913 194914 194924 194926 194927 194928) Uria sp., Uria aalge (194906 194907 194910 194923 194925) |