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Fraterculinae

Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Alcidae

Taxonomy
Fraterculinae is a subfamily. It is extant.

It was assigned to Alcidae by Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Smith (2011) and Smith (2014).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2001Fraterculinae Olson and Rasmussen p. 280
2011Fraterculinae Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14
2014Fraterculinae Smith p. 227

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
superfamilyAlcoidae(Stejneger 1885)
familyAlcidaeLeach 1820
subfamilyFraterculinae
subfamilyFraterculinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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G. Aethia Merrem 1788 [auklet]
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†Aethia barnesi Smith 2014
Aethia cristatella Pallas 1769 [crested auklet]
Aethia psittacula Pallas 1769 [parakeet auklet]
Aethia pusilla Pallas 1811 [least auklet]
Aethia pygmaea Gmelin 1789 [whiskered auklet]
†Aethia storeri Smith 2014
Invalid names: Aethia rossmoori Howard 1968 [nomen dubium], Cyclorrhynchus Kaup 1829 [synonym]
G. Ptychoramphus Brandt 1837
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Ptychoramphus aleuticus Pallas 1811 [Cassin's auklet]
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Invalid names: Ptychoramphus tenuis Miller and Bowman 1958 [synonym]
Invalid names: Fraterculini Storer 1960 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Langhian to the top of the Holocene or 15.97000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.62 Ma

Collections (34 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62USA (California) Aethia rossmoori (121152)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Aethia sp., Aethia sp. (50069) Aethia sp., Fraterculini indet. (13300)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (California) Ptychoramphus tenuis (177990 177992 178007)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (California) Ptychoramphus tenuis (19703)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) Ptychoramphus aleuticus (176093 176094 176095 176096 176098)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Japan (Aomori) Fraterculini indet., Aethia cristatella (101897)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Ptychoramphus aleuticus (20639)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Ptychoramphus aleuticus (176091)
Rancholabrean - Holocene0.3 - 0.0USA (California) Ptychoramphus aleuticus (84904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan (Aomori) Aethia pusilla, Aethia cristatella, Cerorhinca monocerata (101898) Fraterculini indet. (195045) Fraterculini indet., Aethia pusilla, Aethia cristatella (210642)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Ptychoramphus aleuticus (120827 120828 120829 120830 123918 125234 125235 125236 125237 176102 215552)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Ptychoramphus aleuticus (194880)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Aethia psittacula (70587) Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cyclorrhynchus psittacula, Aethia pusilla, Aethia cristatella, Aethia pygmaea (177178 177179)