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Protobranchia

Bivalvia

Taxonomy
Protobranchia was named by Pelseneer (1889). It is extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Bivalvia by Giribet and Wheeler (2002); it was reranked as the unranked clade Protobranchia by Mikkelsen and Bieler (2008); it was reranked as the superorder Protobranchia by Nevesskaja (2009); it was reranked as the subclass Protobranchia by Purchon (1987), Salvini-Plawen and Steiner (1996), Reid (1998), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Bouchet et al. (2010), Carter et al. (2011) and Kaim et al. (2014).

It was assigned to Eubivalvia by Carter et al. (2011); and to Bivalvia by Ridewood (1903), Pelseneer (1906), Pelseneer (1911), Purchon (1987), Salvini-Plawen and Steiner (1996), Reid (1998), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Mikkelsen and Bieler (2008), Nevesskaja (2009), Bouchet et al. (2010), Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012) and Kaim et al. (2014).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1889Protobranchia Pelseneer
1903Protobranchia Ridewood
1906Protobranchia Pelseneer
1911Protobranchia Pelseneer
1954Palaeotaxodonta Korobkov
1965Palaeotaxodonta Newell p. 16
1980Palaeotaxodonta Vokes p. 1
1983Palaeotaxodonta Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 87
1984Palaeotaxodonta Squires p. 40
1987Protobranchia Purchon
1987Palaeotaxodonta Squires p. 54
1987Palaeotaxodonta Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1992Palaeotaxodonta Stilwell and Zinsmeister p. 47
1996Protobranchia Salvini-Plawen and Steiner
1997Palaeotaxodonta Cope p. 716
1998Protobranchia Reid
2000Palaeotaxodonta Hinz-Schallreuter p. 228
2003Palaeotaxodonta Kiessling
2004Palaeotaxodonta Spencer et al.
2004Palaeotaxodonta Stilwell et al. p. 16
2006Protobranchia Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 228
2008Protobranchia Mikkelsen and Bieler p. 19
2008Palaeotaxodonta Scholz et al.
2009Protobranchia Nevesskaja
2010Protobranchia Bouchet et al. p. 114
2011Protobranchia Carter et al. p. 5
2012Protobranchia Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 32
2014Protobranchia Kaim et al. p. 422

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
RankNameAuthor
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
Eubivalvia
subclassProtobranchia(Pelseneer 1889)
subclassProtobranchia(Pelseneer 1889)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Protobranchia Pelseneer 1889
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Fm. †Antactinodiontidae Guo 1980
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G. †Antactinodion Guo 1980
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Superor. Nuculaniformii Carter et al. 2000
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Or. †Afghanodesmatida Carter 2011
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Superfm. †Afghanodesmatoidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979
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Fm. †Afghanodesmatidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979
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G. †Afghanodesma Termier and Termier 1971
Fm. †Eritropidae Cope 2000
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G. †Biseriodonta Fang and Cope 2004
G. †Eritropis Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
Superfm. †Tironuculoidea Babin 1982
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Fm. †Tironuculidae Babin et al. 1982
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Subfm. †Natasiinae Sánchez 1997
Subfm. †Tironuculinae Babin 1982
Or. Nuculanida Carter et al. 2000
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Superfm. Malletioidea Adams and Adams 1857
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Fm. †Cucullellidae Fischer 1886
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Subfm. †Cucullellinae Fischer 1886
Invalid names: Nuculitidae Bradshaw 1999 [synonym], Palaeoneilinae Babin 1966 [empty]
Fm. †Strabidae Prantl and Ruzicka 1954
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G. †Straba Prantl and Růžička 1954
Fm. Tindariidae Verrill and Bush 1897
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Subfm. Neilonellinae Schileyko 1989
G. Tindaria Bellardi 1875
Invalid names: Tindariinae Verrill and Bush 1897 [empty]
Invalid names: Pseudocyrtodontidae Maillieux 1939 [empty]
Superfm. Nuculanoidea Adams and Adams 1858
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Fm. †Isoarcidae Keen 1969
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G. †Isoarca Muenster 1842
Fm. Malletiidae Adams and Adams 1858
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G. †Anthraconeilo Girty 1912
G. †Arisaigia McLearn 1918
G. †Australoneilo Zinsmeister 1984
G. †Bicrenula Williams and Breger 1916
G. †Cadomia Goarant de Tromelin 1877
G. †Caesariella Liljedahl 1984
G. Carinineilo Kuroda and Habe 1971
G. †Concavoleda Sanchez 1999
G. †Ctenodontella Khalfin 1940
G. †Dianucula Guo 1988
G. †Dysodonta Mansuy 1913
G. †Ekstadia Soot-Ryen 1964
G. †Johnmartinia Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. Katadesmia Dall 1908
G. †Koenenia Beushausen 1884
G. †Lapteviella Kurushin 1985
G. †Lophoconcha Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. Malletia des Moulins 1832
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Invalid names: Bathymalletia Kuroda and Habe 1971 [synonym], Malletiella Soot-Ryen 1957 [synonym], Minormalletia Dall 1908 [synonym], Mulidentata Kristofovich 1964 [synonym], Pseudomalletia Fischer 1886 [synonym], Solenella Sowerby 1833 [synonym]
G. †Metapalaeoneilo Lamcke 1934
G. †Myoplusia Neumayr 1884
G. Neilo Adams 1854
G. †Ningliconcha Chen and Stiller 2008
G. †Palaeoneilo Hall and Whitfield 1869
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Invalid names: Praesacella [synonym]
G. †Palaeostraba Liljedahl 1984
G. †Perrisonota Conrad 1869
G. †Phaenodesmia Bittner 1895
G. †Prosoleptus Beushausen 1895
G. †Quadratonucula Dickins 1963
G. †Sluha Barrande 1881
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Invalid names: Praearca Neumayr 1891 [synonym]
G. †Spathelopsis Hoare et al. 1989
G. †Suria Sanchez 1997
G. †Taimyrodon Sanin 1973
G. Tindariopsis Verrill and Bush 1897
G. †Tropinuculites McLearn 1918
G. †Vnigriella Saveliev 1969
G. †Yoldioides Li and Grant-Mackie 1994
G. †Yongshengia Chen and Stiller 2008
Invalid names: Solenellidae d'Orbigny 1846 [synonym]
Fm. Nuculanidae Adams and Adams 1858 [pointed nut clam]
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G. †Acilana Khomenko 1937
G. Acutispinula Filatova and Schileyko 1984
G. †Anthracoleda Benedetto 1980
G. †Australoportlandia Zinsmeister 1984
G. Bathyspinula Filatova 1958
G. †Calorhadia Stewart 1930
G. Costelloleda Hertlein and Strong 1940
G. †Dacromya Agassiz 1840
G. †Ezonuculana Nagao 1938
G. †Indonuculana Kanjilal and Singh 1980
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Invalid names: Reticulana Kanjilal and Singh 1973 [synonym]
G. Ledella Verrill and Bush 1897
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Invalid names: Junonia Seguenza 1877 [synonym]
G. †Litorhadia Stewart 1930
G. †Mesosaccella Chavan 1946
G. †Multidentata Krishtofovich 1964
G. Nuculana Link 1807
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Invalid names: Crassoleda Savitskii 1969 [synonym], Leda Schumacher 1817 [synonym]
Subfm. Nuculaninae Adams and Adams 1858
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Invalid names: Adraninae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [synonym]
G. Orthoyoldia Verrill 1897
G. †Phestioidea Pojeta et al. 1986
G. Poroleda Hutton 1893
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Invalid names: Lamellileda Cotton 1930 [synonym]
G. †Praeportlandia Savitskii 1969
G. Propeleda Iredale 1924
G. Saccella Woodring 1925
G. Scissuladrana Petuch 1987
G. †Spineilo Finlay and Marwick 1937
Invalid names: Ledellinae Allen and Sanders 1982 [invalid subgroup], Ledidae Adams and Adams 1858 [synonym], Poroledidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty], Veteranellinae Chen et al. 1983 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Phaseolidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971
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G. Phaseolus Monterosato 1875
Subfm. Siliculinae Allen and Sanders 1973
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Invalid names: Radiidentidae Egoreva and Starobogatov 1975 [synonym]
Invalid names: Lametilidae Allen and Sanders 1973 [synonym], Phaseolinae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971 [empty]
Fm. †Polidevciidae Kumpera 1960
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Subfm. †Phestiinae Logan 1967
Subfm. †Polidevciinae Kumpera et al. 1960
Fm. Sareptidae Adams 1860
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G. Pristigloma Dall 1900
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Invalid names: Glomus Jeffreys 1876 [replaced]
Subfm. Pristiglominae Verrill and Bush 1898
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Invalid names: Glominae Verrill and Bush 1898 [synonym]
Subfm. Sareptinae Adams 1860
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Invalid names: Setiglominae Schileyko 1983 [synonym]
G. Setigloma Schileyko 1983
Subfm. Yoldiinae Dall 1908
Invalid names: Yoldiellinae Allen and Hannah 1986 [empty]
Fm. Yoldiidae Habe 1977
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G. †Rollieria Cossmann 1920
G. Yoldia Möller 1842
G. Yoldiella Verrill and Bush 1897
Fm. Zealedidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979
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Subfm. Parayoldiellinae Filatova and Schileyko 1984
Invalid names: Zealedinae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty]
Invalid names: Cadomiidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty], Nuculanacea Adams and A. 1858 [replaced], Palaeoneilidae Babin 1966 [empty], Saturnidae Allen and Hannach 1986 [empty]
Superor. Nuculiformii Dall 1889
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Or. Nuculida Dall 1889
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Fm. †Cardiolariidae Cope 1997
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G. †Cardiolaria Munier-Chalmas 1876
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Cardiolaria barrandei Munier-Chalmas 1876
Cardiolaria beirensis Sharpe 1853
Invalid names: Honeymania McLearn 1918 [synonym]
G. †Deceptrix Fuchs 1919
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Deceptrix banksi Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
Deceptrix carinata Fuchs 1919
Deceptrix scofieldi Ulrich 1894
Invalid names: Praeleda Pfab 1934 [synonym]
G. †Inaequidens Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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Inaequidens campbelli Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
Inaequidens davisi Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Clinopista Meek and Worthen 1870
Superfm. †Ctenodontoidea Wohrmann 1893
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Invalid names: Ctenodontacea Wöhrmann 1893 [replaced]
G. †Dysondonta Mansuy 1913
G. †Eonuculoma Klug et al. 2008
G. †Eritropsis Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Kasachia Bazhenova 1971
G. †Neiloides
Superfm. Nuculoidea Gray 1824
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Fm. †Nucularcidae Pojeta and Stott 2007
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G. †Nucularca Pojeta and Stott 2007
G. †Sthenodonta Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
Fm. Nuculidae Gray 1824 [nut clam]
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G. Acila Adams and Adams 1858 [divaricate nutclam]
G. Austronucula Powell 1939
G. Brevinucula Thiele 1934
G. Condylonucula Moore 1977
G. †Deshayesii Berge 1855
G. †Economolopsis Hoare et al. 1989
G. Ennucula Iredale 1931
G. †Lacia Slodkevitsch 1967
G. Leionucula Quenstedt 1930
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Invalid names: Lissanucula Woodring 1973 [synonym]
G. †Manchurinucula Gu 1997
G. Microgloma Saunders and Allen 1973
G. Neonucula Lan and Lee 2001
G. †Notonucula Bradshaw and McCartan 1991
G. Nucula Lamarck 1799
G. †Nuculanella Tasch 1953
G. †Nuculavus Tschernyschev 1943
G. †Nuculoidea Williams and Berger 1916
G. †Nuculoma Cossmann 1907
G. †Nuculopsis Girty 1912
G. †Palaeonucula Quenstedt 1930
G. †Pectinucula Quenstdet 1930
G. †Phymodonucula Guo 1988
G. †Ptychostolis Tullberg 1881
G. †Similiconcha Zhang 1977
G. †Similoconcha Zhang 1977
G. Sinonucula Xu 1985
G. †Skyphoconcha Liu and Gu 1988
G. †Trigonucula Ichikawa 1949
Invalid names: Nuculinae Gray 1824 [empty], Nuculominae Maxwell 1988 [empty], Palaeonuculinae Carter 2001 [empty]
Fm. †Praenuculidae McAlester 1968
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G. †Arcodonta Cope 1999
G. †Bicrenucula Zhang 1984
Subfm. †Concavodontinae Sanchez 1999
G. †Costaledopsis Sanchez 1990
G. †Fidera Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Habonucula Singh and Kanjilal 1977
G. †Homilodonta Cope 1997
G. †Ledopsis Beushausen 1884
G. †Nuculodonta Liljedahl 1983
G. †Palaeoconcha Miller 1889
G. †Palaeoconchiella Vologdin 1955
G. †Paulinea Cope 1996
G. †Pensarnia Cope 1996
G. †Praenucula Pfab 1934
Subfm. †Praenuculinae McAlister 1969
G. †Pseudoledopsis Maillieux 1937
G. †Pseudonucula Dickins 1989
G. †Similodonta Soot-Ryen 1964
G. †Smilodonta Soot-Ryen 1964
G. †Synek Barrande 1881
G. †Tironucula Morris and Fortey 1976
Invalid names: Palaeoconchidae Miller 1889 [empty]
G. †Paleostraba Liljedahl 1984
G. †Phestioides Pojeta et al. 1986
Superfm. Pristiglomoidea Sanders and Allen 1973
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Fm. Pristiglomidae Sanders and Allen 1973
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G. Pseudoglomus Dall 1898
G. †Pseudoleda Sanchez et al. 1995
G. †Pseudonuculana Pojeta et al. 1986
G. †Scyphoconcha Liu and Gu 1988
G. †Zechania Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
Invalid names: Nuculacea Gray 1824 [empty], Phaseoloidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971 [empty]
Or. †Nuculiformes Dall 1889
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Invalid names: Radiidentoidei Scarlato and Starobogatov 1975 [empty]
Or. Solemyida Newell 1965
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Superfm. Manzanelloidea Chronic 1952
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Fm. Manzanellidae Chronic 1952
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G. Huxleyia Adams 1860
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Invalid names: Cyrilla Adams 1860 [synonym], Cyrillista Iredale 1929 [synonym], Diabolica Jousseaume 1897 [synonym]
G. †Manzanella Girty 1909
G. †Posterodonta Kauffman 1976
Invalid names: Huxleyidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971 [synonym]
Fm. Nucinellidae Vokes 1956 [Nut Clam]
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G. Nucinella Wood 1850
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Invalid names: Cyrillona Iredale 1929 [synonym], Neopleurodon Hertlein and Strong 1940 [synonym], Nuculina d'Orbigny 1844 [replaced], Pleurodon Wood 1840 [replaced]
Superfm. Solemyoidea Adams and Adams 1857
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Fm. †Ctenodontidae Wöhrmann 1893
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G. †Alococoncha Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Ctenodonta Salter 1852
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Invalid names: Tellinomya Hall 1847 [synonym]
G. †Ditichia Sandberger 1891
G. †Kazachia Bazhenova 1971
G. †Kufralaria Termier and Termier 1980
G. †Mesoneilo Vu-khuc 1977
G. †Praectenodonta Philip 1962
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Invalid names: Gotodonta Soot-Ryen 1964 [synonym]
G. †Sibiroctenia Krasilova 1976
G. †Tancrediopsis Beushausen 1895
G. †Tellinopsis Hall 1869
Fm. Solemyidae Adams and Adams 1857 [Awning Clam]
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Subfm. †Clinopisthinae Pojeta 1988
G. †Ovatoconcha Cope 1996
G. †Palaeosolemya Pojeta and Runnegar 1985
G. Solemya Children 1823
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Invalid names: Janeia King 1850 [synonym]
Subfm. Solemyinae Gray 1840
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Invalid names: Janacekiinae Ruzicka 1978 [synonym]
G. †Vorkutella Muromtseva and Guskov 1984
G. Zesolemya Iredale 1939
Invalid names: Acharacinae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty], Solemyacidae H. Adams and Adams 1857 [synonym], Trachyaspis turbulensis Bergounioux 1957 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Ovatoconchidae Carter 2011 [empty], Solemyacea Gray 1840 [replaced]
Or. Solemyoida Dall 1889
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Superfm. Archaracoidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979
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Invalid names: Archaracidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty]
Invalid names: Nucinelloidea Vokes 1956 [empty]
Invalid names: Palaeotaxodonta Korobkov 1954 [synonym], Sareptoidea Adams 1860 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available