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Zoophycos

Taxonomy
Zoophycus was named by Massalongo (1855). Its type is Zoophycos caputmedusae.

It was corrected as Zoophycos by Hantzschel (1975).

It was assigned to Ichnofossils by Hantzschel (1975).

Species
Z. caputmedusae (type species)

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1975Zoophycos Hantzschel

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RankNameAuthor
—Ichnofossils
RankNameAuthor
genusZoophycos(Massalongo 1855)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Zoophycos Massalongo 1855
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†Zoophycos caputmedusae Massalongo 1855
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
W. Hantzschel 1975Complex spreiten structures with numerous morphological variations; divided into 2 basic forms: 1) helicoidal, and 2) flat or planar. Shallowly-conical, spiral form, consisting of 3 main parts: spirally coiled spreite (=lamina, plate), major and minor lamellae contained within the lamina, and a cylindrical tunnel (marginal and axial); axis of spiral vertical to bedding; height small; single volutions conelike, sloping outward; diameter of successive whorls generally increasing downward; occasional inverse direction of coiling; basal diameter of structure (particularly in flysch deposits) up to 60 cm or more (max 1.45 m); whorls comprising lamina variable in outline: circular, arcuate, or lobate (broadly based or toungelike); occasionally first volutions lobate and larger and deeper ones nearly circular in outline: laminae exhibit major and minor lamellae (ridges), appear lunate in cross section, and curve radially from axis of spiral; major lamellae branch at acute angle toward axis forming minor lamellae; cylindrical tunnel with axis of spreite, has same thickness as spreite, may continue for a part or for whole length of lamina and then may be open to sediment at both ends. Planar forms of Zoophycos similar to closed spiral spreite, may also be antler-like; thickness 1 to 7 mm.
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range: base of the Ludlow to the top of the Zanclean or 427.40000 to 3.60000 Ma

Collections (160 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0Canada (Quebec) Z. sp. (14197)
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Spain (Palencia) Z. sp. (40348)
Zlichovian409.1 - 391.9Spain (Palencia) Zoophycos indet. (39707)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3China (Guangxi) Z. sp. (27420 27422)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Spain (Palencia) Z. sp. (40352)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Spain (Palencia) Z. sp. (40354)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Morocco Z. sp. (74491)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (New York) Zoophycos indet. (86243 86247 86250 86260 86264 86267 86319 86326 90841 90843 90845 90850 90856 96346 96347 96359 96361 96374 96375 111612 111627) Z. sp. (8808 8809 8810 8811 8812 8813 8814 8815 8816 8817 8818 8820 8821 8822 8823 8829 8830 8907 8908 8909 8910 8911 8912 8913 8914 8915 8916 8917 8918 8919 8920 8921 8922 8923 8924 8959 8960 8961 8962 8963 8964 8965 8966 8967 8968 8969 8981 8986 8988 8990 8995 8997 8998 8999 9002 9004 9007 9014 9015 9018 9027 9029 10107 10119 89878 89888 89899 89918 94450 94451 96209 96210 96211 96212 96213) Zoophycus sp. (10537)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Spain (Aragon) Z. sp. (40448)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Ohio) Zoophycus sp. (3375 3376)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Chile Z. sp. (34753)
Arundian346.7 - 340.0United Kingdom (Wales) Z. sp. (5832 5834 5838 5851 5852 5854 5855 5857 5862)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 340.0USA (Indiana) Zoophycus sp. (556 557)
Bashkirian323.2 - 315.2Ukraine Z. sp. (228668 228672 228673)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51Iran Z. sp. (58096)
Late/Upper Hettangian201.3 - 196.5Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) Z. sp. (61850 61852 68778)
Spinatum189.6 - 183.0Morocco Z. sp. (203735 203736)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian182.0 - 175.6Iran Z. sp. (141253)
Middle Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian182.0 - 171.6Iran Z. sp. (141254)
Concavum175.6 - 171.6Luxembourg Z. scoparius (141485)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Iran Z. sp. (155331)
Callovian - Kimmeridgian166.1 - 152.1China (Qinghai) Z. sp. (68579)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Z. sp. (154138)
Late/Upper Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Austria Z. sp. (55585 60207 60208 60209 60210 60211 60224 60225 60226 60227 60228 60229)
Hauterivian - Valanginian132.9 - 132.9Antarctica (Alexander Island) Zoophycus sp. (2076)
Barremian - Hauterivian129.4 - 129.4Antarctica (Alexander Island) Zoophycus sp. (2077)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Antarctica (Alexander Island) Zoophycus sp. (2078)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Iran Z. sp. (145483)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian86.3 - 70.6Argentina Z. sp. (90738)
Early/Lower Santonian85.8 - 83.5Austria Z. sp. (173328)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Austria Z. sp. (83619)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Denmark Z. sp. (67343)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Romania Z. sp. (220523)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Spain Z. sp. (193009)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Chile Z. sp. (78525)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece Zoophycus sp. (185752)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ecuador Z. sp. (90857)