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Echidninidae
Taxonomy
Echidninidae was named by Kozur et al. (1996).
It was assigned to Collodaria by Kozur et al. (1996); to Echidninacea by De Wever et al. (2001); to Spumellaria by Won and Iams (2002) and Won et al. (2007); and to Archaeospicularia by Noble et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Collodaria by Kozur et al. (1996); to Echidninacea by De Wever et al. (2001); to Spumellaria by Won and Iams (2002) and Won et al. (2007); and to Archaeospicularia by Noble et al. (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1996 | Echidninidae Kozur et al. p. 248 |
| 2001 | Echidninidae De Wever et al. p. 86 |
| 2002 | Echidninidae Won and Iams p. 19 |
| 2007 | Echidninidae Won et al. |
| 2017 | Echidninidae Noble et al. p. 432 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Echidninidae Kozur et al. 1996
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G. †Altaiesphaera Obut and Iwata 2000
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†Altaiesphaera acanthophora Obut and Iwata 2000
†Altaiesphaera sparsispinosa Obut and Iwata 2000
Invalid names: Archaeocenosphaera Obut and Iwata 2000 [synonym]
G. †Curvechidnina Won and Iams 2002
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†Curvechidnina fusa Won and Iams 2002
†Curvechidnina kozuri Won and Iams 2002
†Curvechidnina longispinosa Won and Iams 2002
†Curvechidnina multiramosa Won et al. 2005
†Curvechidnina tetractina Won and Iams 2002
G. †Echidnina Bengtson 1986
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†Echidnina bengtsoni Kozur et al. 1996
†Echidnina conexa Won et al. 2005
†Echidnina conjuncta Won and Iams 2002
†Echidnina curvata Won and Iams 2002
†Echidnina immanis Won et al. 2005
†Echidnina irregularis Won and Iams 2002
†Echidnina laxa Won et al. 2005
†Echidnina monactina Won and Iams 2002
†Echidnina runnegari Bengtson 1986
†Echidnina semiconexa Won et al. 2005
†Echidnina severedeformis Won et al. 2005
†Echidnina stevensi Won and Iams 2002
G. †Parechidnina Kozur et al. 1996
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†Parechidnina aspinosa Won, in Won and Below 1999
†Parechidnina delicata Won et al. 2005
†Parechidnina densa Maletz and Bruton 2007
†Parechidnina imperfecta Won and Iams 2015
†Parechidnina jamesi Won and Iams 2002
†Parechidnina nevadensis Kozur et al. 1996
†Parechidnina variospina Won et al. 2005
Invalid names: Aitchisonellum Won and Below 1999 [synonym]
G. †Subechidnina Won and Iams 2002
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†Subechidnina delicata Won and Iams 2002
†Subechidnina florea Won and Iams 2002
†Subechidnina gracilis Won and Iams 2002
†Subechidnina pressa Won and Iams 2002
G. †Varispiculum Won and Iams 2015
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†Varispiculum delicatum Won and Iams 2015
†Varispiculum ectospiculatum Won and Iams 2015
†Varispiculum radiatum Won and Iams 2015
G. †Westernbrookia Won et al. 2007
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†Westernbrookia cancella Won et al. 2007
†Westernbrookia diversa Won et al. 2007
†Westernbrookia incohota Won and Iams 2013
†Westernbrookia ovata Won et al. 2007
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M.-Z. Won and W. J. Iams 2002 | One isolated spicule or four to numerous spicules aggregated by interlocking and/or fusing to form a shell; spicules consisting of as many as about thirty point-centered rays
(in some specimens this number cannot be determined due to modification of spicule structure). Rays generally oriented or fused or reduced such that none of the tips of the rays invade the central cavity. |