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Acanthodesmiacea

Protozoa - Nassellaria

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1879Acanthodesmiacea Hertwig
1961Acanthodesmiacea Loeblich and Tappan
2001Acanthodesmiacea De Wever et al. p. 227

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RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Eukaryota()
classProtozoaGoldfuss 1820
subphylumSarcodinaSchmarda 1871
classReticulareaLankester 1885
RankNameAuthor
subclassRadiolaria(Müller 1858)
superorderPolycystina(Ehrenberg 1838)
orderNassellariaEhrenberg 1875
superfamilyAcanthodesmiaceaHertwig 1879
superfamilyAcanthodesmiaceaHertwig 1879

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Acanthodesmiacea Hertwig 1879
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Fm. Acanthodesmiidae Hertwig 1879
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G. Archicircus Haeckel 1887
G. Circospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Dictyospris Ehrenberg 1847
G. Dipocoronis Haeckel 1881
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Invalid names: Tetracubus Haeckel 1887 [synonym], Tripocubus Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Eucoronis Haeckel 1881
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Invalid names: Acrocubus Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Lithocircus Müller 1857
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Invalid names: Amphispyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Toxarium Haeckel 1887 [synonym]
G. Lithotympanum Haeckel 1881
G. Microcubus Haeckel 1881
G. Nephrodictyum Haeckel 1881
G. Paradictyum Haeckel 1881
G. Perispyris Haeckel 1881
G. Semantis Haeckel 1887
G. Triceraspyris Haeckel 1881
G. Tricolospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Tricyclidium Haeckel 1881
G. Trissocyclus Haeckel 1881
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Invalid names: Trissocircus Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Tympanidium Haeckel 1881
G. Tympaniscus Haeckel 1887
G. Tympanomma Haeckel 1887
G. Zygocircus Bütschli 1882
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Invalid names: Zygocircus priscus Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Zygocircus simplicissimus Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Zygostephanus Haeckel 1862
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Invalid names: Zygostephanus quadrupes Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Artostrobiidae Riedel 1967
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G. Artostobium Haeckel 1887
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Invalid names: Botryostrobus Haeckel 1887 [synonym]
G. †Dictyoprora Haeckel 1881
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†Dictyoprora amphora Haeckel) 1887
†Dictyoprora gibsoni O'Conner 1994
†Dictyoprora mongolfieri Ehrenberg 1854
Invalid names: Cryptocephalus Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. †Eribotrys Foreman 1968
G. Phormostichoartus Campbell 1951
G. †Pseudotheocampe Empson-Morin 1981
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†Pseudotheocampe abschnitta Empson-Morin 1981
G. Siphocampe Haeckel 1981
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†Siphocampe missilis O'Conner 1994
G. †Siphostichartus Nigrini 1977
G. Spirocyrtis Haeckel 1881
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†Spirocyrtis proboscis O'Conner 1994
G. Theocampe Haeckel 1887
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†Theocampe apicata Foreman 1971
†Theocampe ascalia Foreman 1971
†Theocampe comprimierta Empson-Morin 1981
†Theocampe ixys Riedel and Sanfilippo 1974
†Theocampe lispa Foreman 1968
†Theocampe ruckena Empson-Morin 1981
†Theocampe salillum Foreman 1971
†Theocampe vielecka Empson-Morin 1981
†Theocampe vollendeta Empson-Morin 1981
†Theocampe yaoi Taketani 1982
Invalid names: Theocampe bulbosa Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Theocamptra Haeckel 1887
Fm. †Bulbocyrtiidae Kozur and Mostler 1981
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G. †Bulbocyrtium Kozur and Mostler 1981
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†Bulbocyrtium cordeyi Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Bulbocyrtium globosus Tekin 1999
†Bulbocyrtium insolitus Blome 1984
†Bulbocyrtium latum Bragin and Krylov 1999
†Bulbocyrtium longobardicum Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Bulbocyrtium tubum Yeh 1989
Invalid names: Pessagnocyrtium Kozur and Mostler 1981 [synonym], Quasipetasus Blome 1984 [synonym]
Fm. Cannobotryidae Haeckel 1881
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G. Acanthobotrys Popofsky 1913
G. Acrobotrys Haeckel 1881
G. Amphimelissa Jorgensen 1905
G. Bisphaerocephalina Petrushevskaya 1965
G. Bisphaerocephalus Popofsky 1908
G. Botryocampe Ehrenberg 1860
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G. Botryocylinder Petrushevskaya 1975
G. Botryocyrtis Ehrenberg 1860
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G. †Botryometra Petrushevskaya 1975
G. Botryopyle Haeckel 1881
G. Cannobotrys Haeckel 1881
G. Centrobotrys Petrushevskaya 1965
G. †Cornutovum Foreman 1968
G. Disolenia Ehrenberg 1861
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Invalid names: Disolenia follis Ehrenberg 1873 [nomen nudum]
G. Neobotrys Popofsky 1913
G. Pylobotrys Haeckel 1881
G. Rhopalosyringium Campbell and Clark 1944
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†Rhopalosyringium kleinum Empson-Morin 1981
†Rhopalosyringium magnificum Campbell and Clark 1944
G. Saccospyris Haecker 1908
Fm. Carpocaniidae Haeckel 1881
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Subfm. Carpocaniinae Haeckel 1881
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G. Artobotrys Petrushevskaya 1971
G. Carpocanistrum Haeckel 1887
G. Carpocanium Ehrenberg 1847
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Carpocanium solitarium Ehrenberg 1839
G. †Carpocanopsis Riedel and Sanfilippo 1971
G. †Carpocanobium Haeckel 1887
G. †Cystophormis Haeckel 1887
Subfm. †Diacanthocapsinae O'Dogherty 1994
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G. †Annikaella De Wever 1988
G. †Diacanthocapsa Squinabol 1903
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†Diacanthocapsa acuminata Dumitrica 1970
G. †Eastonerius Empson-Morin 1981
G. †Myllocercion Foreman 1968
G. †Novodiacanthocapsa Empson-Morin 1981
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†Novodiacanthocapsa erdnussa Empson-Morin 1981
G. †Schadelfusslerus Empson-Morin 1981
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†Schadelfusslerus echtus Empson-Morin 1981
†Schadelfusslerus rhodanon Foreman 1968
G. †Theocapsomma Haeckel 1887
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†Theocapsomma amphora Campbell and Clark 1944
†Theocapsomma brevithorax Dumitrica 1970
Fm. Cuniculiformidae De Wever 1982
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G. †Goestlingella Kozur and Mostler 1979
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†Goestlingella cordevolica Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Goestlingella goricanae Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Goestlingella illyrica Kozur 1984
†Goestlingella pseudoillyrica Tekin and Mostler 2005
Fm. †Monicastericidae Kozur and Mostler 1994
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G. †Monicasterix Kozur and Mostler 1994
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†Monicasterix ornata Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Monicasterix parvisegmentata Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Monicasterix pulchra Tekin and Mostler 2005
G. †Tubotriassocyrtis Kozur and Mostler 1994
Fm. Paratympanidae Haeckel 1881
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Invalid names: Protympaniinae Haeckel 1887 [empty]
Fm. †Planispinocyrtiidae Kozur and Mostler 1981
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G. †Ladinocampe Kozur 1984
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†Ladinocampe dinarica Tekin and Mostler 2005
G. †Planispinocyrtis Kozur and Mostler 1981
G. †Spinotriassocampe Kozur 1984
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†Spinotriassocampe carnica Kozur and Mostler 1994
†Spinotriassocampe praecarnica Tekin and Mostler 2005
Fm. Pterocorythidae Haeckel 1881
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G. Albatrossidium Sanfilippo and Riedel 1992
G. †Androcyclas Jørgensen 1905
G. Anthocyrtidium Haeckel 1881
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†Anthocyrtidium odontatum O'Conner 1994
G. Calocycletta Haeckel 1887
G. Cryptocarpium Sanfilippo and Riedel 1992
G. Lamaprocyrtis Caulet 1971
G. Lamprocyclas Haeckel 1881
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†Lamprocyclas matakohe O'Conner 1994
G. Lamprocyrtis Kling 1973
G. Podocyrtis Ehrenberg 1874
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†Podocyrtis (Lampterium) acalles Sanfilippo and Riedel 1992
Subg. †Podocyrtis (Podocyrtis) Ehrenberg 1874
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†Podocyrtis (Podocyrtis) diamesa Riedel and Sanfilippo 1970
Subg. †Podocyrtis (Podocyrtoges) Riedel and Sanfilippo 1992
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†Podocyrtis (Podocyrtoges) platypus Sanfilippo and Riedel 1973
G. Pterocorys Haeckel 1882
G. Theocorythium Haeckel 1887
G. Theocyrtis Haeckel 1887
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Theocyrtis barbadense Ehrenberg 1874
Fm. †Rotaformidae Pessagno 1970
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G. †Rotaforma Pessagno 1970
G. †Saturniforma Pessagno 1970
Fm. Sethophormididae Haeckel 1881
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G. Enneaphormis Haeckel 1881
G. Protoscenium Jorgensen 1905
G. Sethophormis Haeckel 1881
G. †Velicucullus Riedel and Campbell 1952
Fm. Spongolophophenidae Kozur and Mostler 1994
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G. †Conospongocyrtis Kozur and Mostler 1994
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†Conospongocyrtis bragini Tekin and Mostler 2005
†Conospongocyrtis tekini Bragin 2007
G. †Maudia Carter et al. 1988
G. †Spongolophophaena Kozur and Mostler 1994
G. Triassospongocyrtis Kozur and Mostler 1994
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†Triassospongocyrtis longispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1994
†Triassospongocyrtis yaoi Kozur and Mostler 1994
Fm. †Spongosilicarmigeridae De Wever et al. 2001
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G. †Nofrema Dumitrica et al. 1980
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†Nofrema trispinosa Dumitrica et al. 1980
G. †Spongosilicarmiger Kozur 1984
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†Spongosilicarmiger posterus Kozur and Mostler 1994
†Spongosilicarmiger priscus Kozur and Mostler 1994
Fm. Stephaniidae Haeckel 1887
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G. Cortina Haeckel 1887
G. Plagiocarpa Haeckel 1881
G. Stephanium Haeckel 1887
Fm. Theopiliidae Haeckel 1881
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G. Cecryphalium Haeckel 1881
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Invalid names: Cecryphalium infundibulum Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cecryphalium oligoporum Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Clathrocyclas Haeckel 1881
G. Cycladophora Ehrenberg 1847
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Cycladophora davisiana Ehrenberg 1873
Cycladophora stiligera Ehrenberg 1874
Invalid names: Diplocyclas Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Eucecryphalus Haeckel 1860
G. Eurystomoskevos Caulet 1991
G. Lipmanella Loeblich and Tappan 1961
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Invalid names: Dictyoceras Haeckel 1862 [replaced]
G. Phrenocodon Haeckel 1887
G. Theocalyptra Haeckel 1881
G. Theopilium Haeckel 1881
Fm. Triospyrididae Haeckel 1881
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G. Androspyris Haeckel 1881
G. Anthospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Archiphaena Haeckel 1881
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Invalid names: Tamnospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Brachiospyris Haeckel 1881
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Brachiospyris ocellata Ehrenberg 1874
G. Ceratospyris Ehrenberg 1847
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†Ceratospyris articulata Ehrenberg 1873
Ceratospyris pentagona Ehrenberg 1873
Ceratospyris radicata Ehrenberg 1844
G. Clathrobursa Haeckel 1881
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Invalid names: Platybursa Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Corythospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Dendrospyris Haeckel 1881
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Dendrospyris stylophora Ehrenberg 1874
Invalid names: Acrospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Aegospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Giraffospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Pentaspyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Taurospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Therospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Desmospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Dorcadospyris Haeckel 1881
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†Dorcadospyris mahurangi O'Conner 1994
Invalid names: Gamospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Stephanospyris Haeckel 1881 [synonym]
G. Gorgospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Hexaspyris Haeckel 1887
G. Lamprospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Liriospyris Haeckel 1881
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G. Lophospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Patagospyris Haeckel 1881
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Patagospyris confluens Ehrenberg 1874
G. Petalospyrella Haeckel 1887
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†Petalospyrella platyacantha Ehrenberg 1874
G. Petalospyris Ehrenberg 1847
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†Petalospyris foveolata Ehrenberg 1854
G. Psychospyris Riedel and Sanfilippo 1971
G. Rhodospyris Haeckel 1881
G. Semantrum Haeckel 1887
G. Tholospyridium Haeckel 1887
G. Triospyrium Haeckel 1887
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Triospyrium furcata Ehrenberg 1874
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicap
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: omnivorep
Created: 2005-01-28 01:13:47
Modified: 2005-01-28 03:13:47
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Triassic to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 252.17000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma

Collections (295 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Triassic252.17 - 247.2Japan Triassospongocyrtis sp. (153173)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Planispinocyrtis sp. (95437) Spongosilicarmiger priscus (95442) Spongosilicarmiger sp. (95435)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Japan Spinotriassocampe annulata (77112 77114 77116) Spongosilicarmiger gabiolaensis, Spinotriassocampe annulata (77118)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Japan (Tochigi) Spongosilicarmiger nakasekoi, Spongosilicarmiger sp. (96064) Spongosilicarmiger sp. (96063)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Oman Spongosilicarmiger italicus (125386)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Thailand Planispinocyrtis sp. (73872) Spongosilicarmiger sp., Spinotriassocampe spp. (73871)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Slovenia Goestlingella illyrica, Triassospongocyrtis longispinosa, Triassospongocyrtis yaoi, Spongosilicarmiger scabiturritus, Spongosilicarmiger italicus (96051)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Hungary Goestlingella illyrica, Spinotriassocampe hungarica (96199)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0China (Xizang) Spongosilicarmiger posterus (95744)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Thailand (San Kamphaeng) Spongosilicarmiger sp. (220613 220614 220615 220616 220618 220619)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Japan (Aichi) Spongosilicarmiger gigantoceras (220811 220812) Spongosilicarmiger sp. (220813 220814 220815 220816)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Thailand Spongosilicarmiger sp. (64512 64513 64514 64515 64517 64518)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Planispinocyrtis sp. (220583) Spongosilicarmiger sp. (220582)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Shaanxi) Planispinocyrtis baloghi, Spongosilicarmiger scabiturritus (220759)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0China Goestlingella illyrica (131101)
Illyrian - Fassanian247.2 - 235.0Slovenia Bulbocyrtium sp., Goestlingella illyrica, Spongosilicarmiger italicus, Nofrema trispinosa (54019) Nofrema trispinosa (54021 54022) Spongosilicarmiger italicus (54018) Spongosilicarmiger italicus, Nofrema trispinosa (54016 54017 54020)
Illyrian - Fassanian247.2 - 235.0Italy (Veneto) Nofrema trispinosa (96203 96204)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Hungary Theopiliidae indet. (99503 99504)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Philippines Spongosilicarmiger nakasekoi, Spongosilicarmiger sp., Spongosilicarmiger italicus (53994 53995)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Japan Spongosilicarmiger gabiolaensis, Spinotriassocampe carnica (77122) Tubotriassocyrtis annulata, Spinotriassocampe annulata (77120 77121)