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Pterocephaliidae
Taxonomy
Pterocephaliidae was named by Kobayashi (1935).
It was assigned to Dikelocephalacea by Harrington et al. (1959); to Asaphida by Whittington et al. (1997); to Ptychopariida by Paterson and Laurie (2004); and to Olenida by Adrain (2011).
It was assigned to Dikelocephalacea by Harrington et al. (1959); to Asaphida by Whittington et al. (1997); to Ptychopariida by Paterson and Laurie (2004); and to Olenida by Adrain (2011).
Subtaxa
Anechocephalus, Aphelaspidinae, Beigongia, Bromella, Camaraspis (syn. Camaraspoides), Cilia, Dikelocephalites, Flabellocephalus, Housia, Housiinae, Jubileia, Labiostrella, Lunacephalus, Luotuolingia, Metachangshania, Morosa, Paramaladioidella, Pauciella, Pedinaspis, Pedinocephalites, Pelicephalus, Plesiocilia, Proapatokephaloides, Prodikelocephalites, Protemnites, Pseudaphelaspis, Pterocephaliinae, Pulchricapitus, Stenambon, Tumicephalus, Uxunella, Yangweizhouia, Yingziaspis
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1935 | Pterocephalidae Kobayashi |
1935 | Pterocephaliidae Kobayashi |
1959 | Petrocephaliidae Harrington et al. p. 256 |
1997 | Pterocephaliidae Whittington et al. p. 301 |
2004 | Pterocephaliidae Paterson and Laurie p. 98 |
2011 | Pterocephaliidae Adrain p. 107 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Pterocephaliidae Kobayashi 1935
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G. †Anechocephalus Palmer 1960
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†Anechocephalus spinosus Palmer 1965
†Anechocephalus trigranulatus Palmer 1960
G. †Beigongia Qiu 1983
G. †Dikelocephalites Sun 1935
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†Dikelocephalites flabelliformis Sun 1935
†Dikelocephalites gongxianensis Meng 1977
G. †Flabellocephalus Jinlin and Shaoxin 1984
G. †Housia Walcott 1916
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†Housia ovata Palmer 1960
†Housia vacuna Walcott 1890
†Housia varro Walcott 1916
Subfm. †Housiinae HupĂ© 1953
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G. †Prehousia Palmer 1960
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†Prehousia alata Palmer 1960
†Prehousia diverta Palmer 1965
†Prehousia impolita Palmer 1965
†Prehousia indenta Palmer 1965
†Prehousia prima Palmer 1965
†Prehousia semicircularis Palmer 1960
G. †Jubileia Kobayashi 1938
G. †Lunacephalus Ivshin 1962
G. †Luotuolingia Lu and Qian 1983
G. †Morosa Palmer 1960
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†Morosa bothra Stitt 1971
†Morosa brevispina Palmer 1965
†Morosa extensa Palmer 1965
†Morosa longispina Palmer 1960
G. †Pedinaspis Ivshin 1962
G. †Pedinocephalites Rozova 1964
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†Pedinocephalites divulgatus Lazarenko 1960
†Pedinocephalites minimus Rozova 1964
G. †Pelicephalus Kurtz 1975
G. †Pseudaphelaspis Lu and Zhu 1980
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†Pseudaphelaspis langyashanensis Lu and Zhu 1980
†Pseudaphelaspis latus Lu and Zhu 1980
†Pseudaphelaspis obscurus Lu and Zhu 1980
†Pseudaphelaspis transversus Lu and Zhu 1980
Subfm. †Pterocephaliinae Palmer 1960
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G. †Cernuolimbus Palmer 1960
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†Cernuolimbus arcticus Palmer 1968
†Cernuolimbus depressus Palmer 1960
†Cernuolimbus granulosus Palmer 1965
†Cernuolimbus laevifrons Palmer 1965
†Cernuolimbus monilis Stitt et al. 1994
†Cernuolimbus orygmatos Palmer 1960
†Cernuolimbus semigranulosus Palmer 1960
G. †Pterocephalia Roemer 1849
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†Pterocephalia concava Palmer 1960
†Pterocephalia elongata Palmer 1960
†Pterocephalia punctata Palmer 1965
†Pterocephalia sanctisabae Roemer 1849
†Pterocephalia tenura Rozova 1963
†Ptychoparia (Pterocephalus) laticeps Hall and Whitfield 1877
†Ptychoparia (Pterocephalus) occidens Walcott 1884
G. †Sigmocheilus Palmer 1960
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†Sigmocheilus compressus Palmer 1968
†Sigmocheilus delicatus Lazarenko 1968
†Sigmocheilus flabellifer Hall and Whitfield 1877
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Invalid names: Sigmocheilus serratus Palmer 1960 [synonym]
†Sigmocheilus grata Resser 1942
†Sigmocheilus pogonipensis Resser 1942
G. †Strigambitus Palmer 1965
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†Strigambitus bilobus Palmer 1965
†Strigambitus blepharina Palmer 1965
†Strigambitus transversus Palmer 1965
†Strigambitus utahensis Resser 1942
G. †Stenambon Palmer 1965
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†Stenambon megagranulosus Palmer 1965
†Stenambon paucigranulosus Palmer 1965
G. †Uxunella Romanenko 1985
Invalid names: Pterocephalidae Kobayashi 1935 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
References: Whittington et al. 1997, Aberhan et al. 2004 |
Age range: base of the Guzhangian to the top of the Furongian or 500.50000 to 485.40000 Ma
Collections (307 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Ayusokkanian | Russian Federation (Altai (Region)) | Prehousia sp., Uxunella gloriosa, Uxunella plana (10064) | |
Ensyan | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Labiostrella superna (131072 131093) | |
Maduan | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Pedinocephalites sp., Pauciella sp. (131399) Prehousia alata (131071) Pterocephalia tenura (131069) | |
Mindyallan - Idamean | Australia (Victoria) | Protemnites magnificans (64041) Protemnites magnificans, Pterocephaliidae indet. (64038) | |
Nganasanian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Pedinocephalites divulgatus, Pauciella prima (131065 131066 131416) | |
Paibian | China (Anhui) | Pseudaphelaspis langyashanensis, Pseudaphelaspis transversus, Pseudaphelaspis latus, Pseudaphelaspis obscurus, Paramaladioidella sp., Paramaladioidella subconica (127477) | |
Paibian | Russian Federation (Sakha) | Eugonocare borealis (133589 133590) | |
Paibian | USA (Texas) | Pterocephalia occidens (208736 208826 208979) | |
Dolgellian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Housia vacuna (62077 62078 62081) | |
Dresbachian | Canada (Yukon) | Anechocephalus sp., Cernuolimbus pegakanthodes, Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Sigmocheilus flabellifer, Anechocephalus spinosus (55225) Cernuolimbus depressus (55224) Cernuolimbus depressus, Parahousia subequalis (55277) Cernuolimbus orygmatos (55233) | |
Dresbachian | USA (Nevada) | Morosa brevispina (75437) Morosa sp., Sigmocheilus sp., Strigambitus sp. (240) Prehousia sp., Pterocephalia sp., Cernuolimbus sp., Sigmocheilus sp. (241) | |
Dresbachian | USA (California) | Strigambitus blepharina (226675) Strigambitus blepharina, Morosa brevispina (226676) | |
Dresbachian | USA (Alaska) | Cernuolimbus arcticus (225279 225280) Pterocephalia constricta, Cernuolimbus longifrons, Sigmocheilus compressus (64800) Sigmocheilus compressus (64799) | |
Franconian | Canada (Newfoundland) | Pterocephalia sp. (197982) | |
Franconian | USA (Wisconsin) | Camaraspis sp., Housia sp. (267) | |
Franconian | USA (Indiana) | Pterocephalia sp. (245) | |
Franconian | USA (Montana) | Camaraspis sp., Housia sp., Pterocephalia sp. (246) Housia canadensis (244) Housia sp., Pterocephalia sp. (242) Pterocephalia sp. (243) | |
Franconian | Canada (British Columbia) | Pterocephalia sp. (50595) | |
Franconian | USA (Missouri) | Camaraspis convexa (9197 9208) Housia ovata (9155 9156 9191 9196 9199) Housia ovata, Camaraspis convexa, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9200) Parahousia constricta (9137) Pelicephalus lochmani (9144 9146 9147 9152) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9203) Pterocephalia sanetisabae, Pelicephalus lochmani (9154) Pulchricapitus davis (9192) Pulchricapitus davis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9194) | |
Franconian | USA (Wyoming) | Camaraspis convexa (9045 9046) Housia sp. (9047) Pterocephalia bridgei, Camaraspis convexa (8952) | |
Franconian | USA (Arkansas) | Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (77107) | |
Franconian | USA (South Dakota) | Camaraspis sp. (266) | |
Franconian - Dolgellian | USA (Missouri) | Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9586) | |
Sakian | Russian Federation (Altai (Region)) | Prehousia sp., Uxunella gloriosa, Uxunella plana (10061) Prehousia sp., Uxunella plana, Uxunella gloriosa (10063) | |
Sakian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Sigmocheilus delicatus (225283) | |
Sakian | Kazakhstan | Housia sp., Pedinocephalites minimus (118254) Olenaspella borealis (118333 118339 118342 118345 118346 118348) Pedinocephalites minimus (118253 118255) Protemnites sp. (118263 118264 118304 118305) Protemnites sp., Pedinocephalites minimus (118260) | |
Steptoean | USA (Arkansas) | Anechocephalus aphelodermus, Cernuolimbus monilis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus (225281) | |
Steptoean | USA (Nevada) | Anechocephalus spinosus, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (111329 113394 113395 113396) Anechocephalus spinosus, Stenambon megagranulus (113398 113399 113400) Bromella veritas (114597) Cernuolimbus depressus, Pterocephalia concava (122140) Cernuolimbus depressus, Strigambitus utahensis (110447) Cernuolimbus granulosus (122134 122135) Cernuolimbus granulosus, Pterocephalia punctata (111324 122136) Cernuolimbus orygmatos (75269) Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Sigmocheilus utahensis, Morosa longispina (75270) Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Strigambitus bilobus (122139) Housia ovata (110630 114606) Housia ovata, Anechocephalus trigranulatus, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110627) Housia ovata, Parahousia constricta, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114298) Housia ovata, Parahousia constricta, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110629) Housia ovata, Parahousia constricta, Sigmocheilus serratus, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (75273) Housia ovata, Parahousia subequalis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114605) Housia ovata, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114297 114607 114608) Housia ovata, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110628) Housia ovata, Sigmocheilus pogonipensis, Parahousia subequalis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114296) Morosa definita, Strigambitus utahensis (110446) Morosa extensa (111325) Parahousia subequalis (114604) Prehousia alata (114293 114599 114600) Prehousia impolita (122132 122133) Prehousia impolita, Cernuolimbus laevifrons (110445) Prehousia indenta (110443 110444 122128 122129 122130 122131) Prehousia indenta, Bromella veritas (114598) Prehousia prima (114292) Prehousia prima, Bromella veritas (114291) Prehousia semicircularis, Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Cernuolimbus semigranulosus (75268) Pterocephalia elongata, Sigmocheilus grata, Morosa longispina (75271) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114304) Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110624 111327 114301) Sigmocheilus flabellifer, Anechocephalus spinosus (111328) Sigmocheilus grata (75272) Sigmocheilus notha (110621 122141) Sigmocheilus notha, Pterocephalia concava (110448) Sigmocheilus notha, Pterocephalia elongata (110449) Sigmocheilus notha, Sigmocheilus grata (110622) Sigmocheilus pogonipensis (111326) Sigmocheilus pogonipensis, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110625 110626) Stenambon paucigranulus (110633 114610) Strigambitus transversus (114601 114603) Strigambitus utahensis, Morosa extensa (122138) Tumicephalus depressus (110442 114290 114595 114596 122124 122127) | |
Steptoean | USA (Texas) | Pterocephalia sp. (237) | |
Steptoean | Canada (British Columbia) | Cernuolimbus ludvigseni, Housia vacuna (219685) Pterocephalia norfordi (54074) | |
Steptoean | USA (Nevada and Utah) | Sigmocheilus notha, Pterocephalia concava, Prehousia diverta, Cernuolimbus granulosus, Pterocephalia punctata (74910) | |
Steptoean | Canada (Alberta) | Camaraspis convexa, Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (54078) Pulchricapitus davisi, Camaraspis convexa, Housia vacuna (54076) | |
Steptoean | USA (Minnesota) | Agraulus hemisphericus, Agraulus convexus (156300) | |
Steptoean | USA (Pennsylvania) | Camaraspis convexa (156644 156657 156658 156674 156675) Camaraspis convexa, Housia vacuna (156642) Housia vacuna (156629 156630 156632 156634 156669 156670) | |
Steptoean - Sunwaptan | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Camaraspis convexa (195676) | |
Tavgian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Camaraspis singula, Pedinocephalites minimus (131067 131068) Pedinocephalites minimus, Labiostrella vera (131418) | |
Guzhangian | China (Hunan) | Yangweizhouia carinata (49181 126439) | |
Guzhangian | China (Guizhou) | Prodikelocephalites mesembrinus, Plesiocilia minuta (125073) Yangweizhouia carinata (125072) | |
Batyrbaian | Kazakhstan | Proapatokephaloides longiformis (118906 118907 118909 118910) | |
Niuchehean | China (Hunan) | Cilia plectrifera (107329) | |
Sunwaptan | USA (Utah) | Housia varro (225282) | |
Sunwaptan | Canada (Alberta) | Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (54077) | |
Taoyuanian | China (Liaoning) | Yingziaspis erdaogouensis (127366) | |
Taoyuanian | China (Hunan) | Protemnites waergangensis (126658 126687) Pseudaphelaspis sp. (126659) | |
Taoyuanian | China (Henan) | Dikelocephalites flabelliformis (129216) Dikelocephalites gongxianensis (129023 129135) | |
Taoyuanian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Pterocephaliidae indet. (132508 132590) Rybniites corniformis (132543 132545 132546) Rybniites spiculatus (132504) | |
Taoyuanian | South Korea | Dikelocephalites flabelliformis (133451 133452 133456) Dikelocephalites flabelliformis, Metachangshania brachypyga (133453) Metachangshania brachypyga (133449 133454 133455 133457 133458) Metachangshania sp. (133475) | |
Furongian | USA (Utah) | Bromella sp. (156406 156437 156438 156454 156464 156465) Cernuolimbus granulosus (156451) Housia sp. (156459 156460 156471) Prehousia alata (156401 156435 156436 156452 156453 156463 156476) Prehousia diverta (156433) Prehousia sp. (156400 156402 156404 156405 156473) Pterocephalia sp. (156434 156445 156472) Strigambitus sp. (156392 156395 156447 156474) Strigambitus utahensis (156448 156449) Tumicephalus depressus (156439 156440 156455 156456 156457 156466 156467 156468 156469) Tumicephalus sp. (156407) | |
Furongian | USA (Texas) | Camaraspis convexa (156256 156257 156258 156262 156269 156270 156273 156277 156278 156284 156296 156297 156301 156308 156309 156341 156350 156351) Camaraspis convexa, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (156264 156342 156348 156349) Pterocephalia canctisabae (156283) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (156260 156295 156313 156335) | |
Furongian | USA (California) | Cernuolimbus granulosus (226280) Pterocephalia punctata (226281) P. sp. (226275) Sigmocheilus sp. (226277) Strigambitus blepharina (226282) Strigambitus blepharina, Morosa brevispina (226278 226284) Strigambitus utahensis (226276 226279) | |
Furongian | USA (Arkansas) | Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229194 229196 229198) Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus, Morosa bothra (229131) Housia vacuna, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229129 229193 229197) Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229130) Pterocephalia santisabae, Housia vacuna (229128 229195) Pterocephalia santisabae, Housia vacuna, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229133) | |
Furongian | USA (Oklahoma) | Camaraspis convexa (229124) Camaraspis parabola (229123) Camaraspis plana (229125) Pterocephalia santisabae (229191) |