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Pterocephaliidae

Trilobita - Olenida - Pterocephaliidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1935Pterocephalidae Kobayashi
1935Pterocephaliidae Kobayashi
1959Petrocephaliidae Harrington et al. p. 256
1997Pterocephaliidae Whittington et al. p. 301
2004Pterocephaliidae Paterson and Laurie p. 98
2011Pterocephaliidae Adrain p. 107

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
RankNameAuthor
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumArtiopoda(Hou and Bergstrom)
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
orderOlenida
familyPterocephaliidaeKobayashi 1935
familyPterocephaliidaeKobayashi 1935

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Pterocephaliidae Kobayashi 1935
show all | hide all
G. †Anechocephalus Palmer 1960
+
†Anechocephalus spinosus Palmer 1965
Subfm. †Aphelaspidinae Palmer 1960
+
G. †Rybniites Varlamov 2006
+
Subg. †Rybniites (Rybniites) Varlamov et al. 2006
+
†Rybniites (Rybniites) borealis Lermontova 1940
G. †Beigongia Qiu 1983
G. †Bromella Palmer 1965
+
†Bromella utahensis Sundberg et al. 2024
†Bromella veritas Palmer 1965
G. †Cilia Peng 1992
+
†Cilia plectrifera Peng 1992
G. †Flabellocephalus Jinlin and Shaoxin 1984
G. †Housia Walcott 1916
+
†Housia ovata Palmer 1960
†Housia vacuna Walcott 1890
†Housia varro Walcott 1916
Subfm. †Housiinae Hupé 1953
+
G. †Parahousia Palmer 1960
+
†Parahousia constricta Palmer 1960
†Parahousia subequalis Palmer 1965
G. †Prehousia Palmer 1960
+
†Prehousia alata Palmer 1960
†Prehousia diverta Palmer 1965
†Prehousia impolita Palmer 1965
†Prehousia indenta Palmer 1965
†Prehousia prima Palmer 1965
†Prehousia semicircularis Palmer 1960
G. †Jubileia Kobayashi 1938
G. †Labiostrella Rozova 1964
+
†Labiostrella superna Rozova 1968
†Labiostrella vera Rozova 1964
G. †Lunacephalus Ivshin 1962
G. †Luotuolingia Lu and Qian 1983
G. †Maladioides Kobayashi 1933
+
†Maladioides coreanicus Kobayashi 1935
+
Invalid names: Anderssonella primitiva Qian 1994 [synonym]
†Maladioides qinlingensis Yang et al. 1993
G. †Metachangshania Duan 1966
+
†Metachangshania brachypyga Choi et al. 2008
G. †Morosa Palmer 1960
+
†Morosa bothra Stitt 1971
†Morosa brevispina Palmer 1965
†Morosa extensa Palmer 1965
†Morosa longispina Palmer 1960
G. †Paramaladioidella Lu and Zhu 1980
+
†Paramaladioidella subconica Lu and Zhu 1980
G. †Pauciella Rozova 1964
+
†Pauciella prima Lazarenko 1960
G. †Pedinaspis Ivshin 1962
G. †Pedinocephalites Rozova 1964
+
†Pedinocephalites divulgatus Lazarenko 1960
†Pedinocephalites minimus Rozova 1964
G. †Pelicephalus Kurtz 1975
G. †Plesiocilia Yuan and Yin 1998
+
†Plesiocilia minuta Yuan and Yin 1998
G. †Proapatokephaloides Ergaliev 1980
+
G. †Prodikelocephalites Yuan and Yin 1998
+
†Prodikelocephalites mesembrinus Yuan and Yin 1998
G. †Protemnites Whitehouse 1939
+
G. †Pseudaphelaspis Lu and Zhu 1980
+
†Pseudaphelaspis latus Lu and Zhu 1980
†Pseudaphelaspis obscurus Lu and Zhu 1980
†Pseudaphelaspis transversus Lu and Zhu 1980
Subfm. †Pterocephaliinae Palmer 1960
+
G. †Cernuolimbus Palmer 1960
+
†Cernuolimbus arcticus Palmer 1968
†Cernuolimbus depressus Palmer 1960
†Cernuolimbus granulosus Palmer 1965
†Cernuolimbus laevifrons Palmer 1965
†Cernuolimbus monilis Stitt et al. 1994
†Cernuolimbus orygmatos Palmer 1960
G. †Pterocephalia Roemer 1849
+
†Pterocephalia concava Palmer 1960
†Pterocephalia constricta Palmer 1968
†Pterocephalia elongata Palmer 1960
†Pterocephalia norfordi Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1998
†Pterocephalia punctata Palmer 1965
†Pterocephalia tenura Rozova 1963
†Ptychoparia (Pterocephalus) laticeps Hall and Whitfield 1877
G. †Sigmocheilus Palmer 1960
+
†Sigmocheilus compressus Palmer 1968
†Sigmocheilus delicatus Lazarenko 1968
†Sigmocheilus flabellifer Hall and Whitfield 1877
+
Invalid names: Sigmocheilus serratus Palmer 1960 [synonym]
†Sigmocheilus grata Resser 1942
G. †Strigambitus Palmer 1965
+
†Strigambitus bilobus Palmer 1965
†Strigambitus blepharina Palmer 1965
†Strigambitus transversus Palmer 1965
†Strigambitus utahensis Resser 1942
G. †Pulchricapitus Kurtz 1975
+
†Pulchricapitus fetosus Hohensee and Stitt 1989
G. †Stenambon Palmer 1965
+
†Stenambon megagranulosus Palmer 1965
G. †Tumicephalus Palmer 1965
+
†Tumicephalus depressus Palmer 1965
G. †Uxunella Romanenko 1985
+
†Uxunella plana Romanenko 1984
G. †Yangweizhouia Yuan and Yin 1998
+
†Yangweizhouia carinata Yuan and Yin 1998
G. †Yingziaspis Zhang 1999
+
Invalid names: Pterocephalidae Kobayashi 1935 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitec
Composition 2: chitinc
Ontogeny: molting, addition of partsc
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: fast-movingc
Life habit: low-level epifaunalc
Diet: carnivorec
Vision: well-developedf
Created: 2009-12-13 23:06:36
Modified: 2009-12-14 01:06:36
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Whittington et al. 1997, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Mindyallan to the top of the Sunwaptan or 499.00000 to 488.90000 Ma

Collections (318 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Guzhangian500.5 - 497.0China (Hunan) Yangweizhouia carinata (49181 126439)
Guzhangian500.5 - 497.0China (Guizhou) Prodikelocephalites mesembrinus, Plesiocilia minuta (125073) Yangweizhouia carinata (125072)
Ayusokkanian499.5 - 497.0Russian Federation (Altai (Region)) Prehousia sp., Uxunella gloriosa, Uxunella plana (10064)
Mindyallan - Idamean499.0 - 494.2Australia (Victoria) Protemnites magnificans (64041) Protemnites magnificans, Pterocephaliidae indet. (64038)
Ensyan497.0 - 495.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) Labiostrella superna (131072 131093)
Maduan497.0 - 495.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) Pedinocephalites sp., Pauciella sp. (131399) Prehousia alata (131071) Pterocephalia tenura (131069)
Nganasanian497.0 - 495.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) Pedinocephalites divulgatus, Pauciella prima (131065 131066 131416)
Paibian497.0 - 494.2Russian Federation (Sakha) Eugonocare borealis (133589 133590)
Paibian497.0 - 494.2USA (Texas) Pterocephalia occidens (208736 208826 208979)
Paibian497.0 - 494.2China (Hebei) Maladioides sp. (129590)
Paibian497.0 - 494.2China (Anhui) Pseudaphelaspis langyashanensis, Pseudaphelaspis transversus, Pseudaphelaspis latus, Pseudaphelaspis obscurus, Paramaladioidella sp., Paramaladioidella subconica (127477)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Minnesota) Agraulus convexus, Agraulus hemisphericus (156300)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Texas) Pterocephalia sp. (237)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5Canada (Alberta) Camaraspis convexa, Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (54078) Pulchricapitus davisi, Camaraspis convexa, Housia vacuna (54076)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Nevada and Utah) Sigmocheilus notha, Pterocephalia concava, Prehousia diverta, Cernuolimbus granulosus, Pterocephalia punctata (74910)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5Canada (British Columbia) Cernuolimbus ludvigseni, Housia vacuna (219685) Pterocephalia norfordi (54074 235270)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Utah) Bromella utahensis (240239) Housia ovata (240242) Tumicephalus depressus (240234 240235 240236)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Pennsylvania) Camaraspis convexa (156644 156657 156658 156674 156675) Camaraspis convexa, Housia vacuna (156642) Housia vacuna (156629 156630 156632 156634 156669 156670)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Arkansas) Anechocephalus aphelodermus, Cernuolimbus monilis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus (225281)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Nevada) Anechocephalus spinosus, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (111329 113394 113395 113396) Anechocephalus spinosus, Stenambon megagranulus (113398 113399 113400) Bromella veritas (114597) Cernuolimbus depressus, Pterocephalia concava (122140) Cernuolimbus depressus, Strigambitus utahensis (110447) Cernuolimbus granulosus (122134 122135) Cernuolimbus granulosus, Pterocephalia punctata (111324 122136) Cernuolimbus orygmatos (75269) Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Sigmocheilus utahensis, Morosa longispina (75270) Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Strigambitus bilobus (122139) Housia ovata (110630 114606) Housia ovata, Anechocephalus trigranulatus, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110627) Housia ovata, Parahousia constricta, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114298) Housia ovata, Parahousia constricta, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110629) Housia ovata, Parahousia constricta, Sigmocheilus serratus, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (75273) Housia ovata, Parahousia subequalis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114605) Housia ovata, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114297 114607 114608) Housia ovata, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110628) Housia ovata, Sigmocheilus pogonipensis, Parahousia subequalis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114296) Morosa definita, Strigambitus utahensis (110446) Morosa extensa (111325) Parahousia subequalis (114604) Prehousia alata (114293 114599 114600) Prehousia impolita (122132 122133) Prehousia impolita, Cernuolimbus laevifrons (110445) Prehousia indenta (110443 110444 122128 122129 122130 122131) Prehousia indenta, Bromella veritas (114598) Prehousia prima (114292) Prehousia prima, Bromella veritas (114291) Prehousia semicircularis, Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Cernuolimbus semigranulosus (75268) Pterocephalia elongata, Sigmocheilus grata, Morosa longispina (75271) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (114304) Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110624 111327 114301) Sigmocheilus flabellifer, Anechocephalus spinosus (111328) Sigmocheilus grata (75272) Sigmocheilus notha (110621 122141) Sigmocheilus notha, Pterocephalia concava (110448) Sigmocheilus notha, Pterocephalia elongata (110449) Sigmocheilus notha, Sigmocheilus grata (110622) Sigmocheilus pogonipensis (111326) Sigmocheilus pogonipensis, Sigmocheilus flabellifer (110625 110626) Stenambon paucigranulus (110633 114610) Strigambitus transversus (114601 114603) Strigambitus utahensis, Morosa extensa (122138) Tumicephalus depressus (110442 114290 114595 114596 122124 122127)
Sakian497.0 - 492.8Russian Federation (Siberia) Sigmocheilus delicatus (225283)
Sakian497.0 - 492.8Kazakhstan Housia sp., Pedinocephalites minimus (118254) Olenaspella borealis (118333 118339 118342 118345 118346 118348) Pedinocephalites minimus (118253 118255) Protemnites sp. (118263 118264 118304 118305) Protemnites sp., Pedinocephalites minimus (118260)
Sakian497.0 - 492.8Russian Federation (Altai (Region)) Prehousia sp., Uxunella gloriosa, Uxunella plana (10061 10063)
Steptoean - Sunwaptan497.0 - 488.9Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Camaraspis convexa (195676)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85USA (Alaska) Cernuolimbus arcticus (225279 225280) Cernuolimbus longifrons, Sigmocheilus compressus, Pterocephalia constricta (64800) Sigmocheilus compressus (64799)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85Canada (Yukon) Anechocephalus sp., Cernuolimbus pegakanthodes, Cernuolimbus orygmatos, Sigmocheilus flabellifer, Anechocephalus spinosus (55225) Cernuolimbus depressus (55224) Cernuolimbus depressus, Parahousia subequalis (55277) Cernuolimbus orygmatos (55233)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85USA (Nevada) Morosa brevispina (75437) Morosa sp., Sigmocheilus sp., Strigambitus sp. (240) Prehousia sp., Pterocephalia sp., Cernuolimbus sp., Sigmocheilus sp. (241)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85USA (California) Strigambitus blepharina (226675) Strigambitus blepharina, Morosa brevispina (226676)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85USA (Wyoming) Camaraspis convexa (9045 9046) Housia sp. (9047) Pterocephalia bridgei, Camaraspis convexa (8952)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85USA (Arkansas) Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (77107)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85USA (Missouri) Camaraspis convexa (9197 9208) Housia ovata (9155 9156 9191 9196 9199) Housia ovata, Camaraspis convexa, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9200) Parahousia constricta (9137) Pelicephalus lochmani (9144 9146 9147 9152) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9203) Pterocephalia sanetisabae, Pelicephalus lochmani (9154) Pulchricapitus davis (9192) Pulchricapitus davis, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9194)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85USA (South Dakota) Camaraspis sp. (266)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85Canada (Newfoundland) Pterocephalia sp. (197982)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85USA (Wisconsin) Camaraspis sp., Housia sp. (267)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85Canada (British Columbia) Pterocephalia sp. (50595)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85USA (Indiana) Pterocephalia sp. (245)
Franconian497.0 - 486.85USA (Montana) Camaraspis sp., Housia sp., Pterocephalia sp. (246) Housia canadensis (244) Housia sp., Pterocephalia sp. (242) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (131830) Pterocephalia sp. (243)
Franconian - Dolgellian497.0 - 486.85USA (Missouri) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (9586)
Furongian497.0 - 486.85USA (California) Cernuolimbus granulosus (226280) Pterocephalia punctata (226281) P. sp. (226275) Sigmocheilus sp. (226277) Strigambitus blepharina (226282) Strigambitus blepharina, Morosa brevispina (226278 226284) Strigambitus utahensis (226276 226279)
Furongian497.0 - 486.85South Korea Maladioides coreanicus (236872 236873)
Furongian497.0 - 486.85USA (Utah) Bromella sp. (156406 156437 156438 156454 156464 156465) Cernuolimbus granulosus (156451) Housia sp. (156459 156460 156471) Prehousia alata (156401 156435 156436 156452 156453 156463 156476) Prehousia diverta (156433) Prehousia sp. (156400 156402 156404 156405 156473) Pterocephalia sp. (156434 156445 156472) Strigambitus sp. (156392 156395 156447 156474) Strigambitus utahensis (156448 156449) Tumicephalus depressus (156439 156440 156455 156456 156457 156466 156467 156468 156469) Tumicephalus sp. (156407)
Furongian497.0 - 486.85USA (Texas) Camaraspis convexa (156256 156257 156258 156262 156269 156270 156273 156277 156278 156284 156296 156297 156301 156308 156309 156341 156350 156351) Camaraspis convexa, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (156264 156342 156348 156349) Pterocephalia canctisabae (156283) Pterocephalia sanctisabae (156260 156295 156313 156335)
Furongian497.0 - 486.85USA (Oklahoma) Camaraspis convexa (229124) Camaraspis parabola (229123) Camaraspis plana (229125) Pterocephalia santisabae (229191)
Furongian497.0 - 486.85USA (Arkansas) Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229194 229196 229198) Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus, Morosa bothra (229131) Housia vacuna, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229129 229193 229197) Pterocephalia sanctisabae, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229130) Pterocephalia santisabae, Housia vacuna (229128 229195) Pterocephalia santisabae, Housia vacuna, Pulchricapitus fetosus (229133)
Tavgian497.0 - 486.85Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) Camaraspis singula, Pedinocephalites minimus (131067 131068) Pedinocephalites minimus, Labiostrella vera (131418)
Taoyuanian495.2 - 486.85South Korea Dikelocephalites flabelliformis (133451 133452 133456) Dikelocephalites flabelliformis, Metachangshania brachypyga (133453) Metachangshania brachypyga (133449 133454 133455 133457 133458) Metachangshania sp. (133475)
Taoyuanian495.2 - 486.85China (Hunan) Protemnites waergangensis (126658 126687) Pseudaphelaspis sp. (126659)
Taoyuanian495.2 - 486.85China (Henan) Dikelocephalites flabelliformis (129216) Dikelocephalites gongxianensis (129023 129135)
Taoyuanian495.2 - 486.85Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) Pterocephaliidae indet. (132508 132590) Rybniites corniformis (132543 132545 132546) Rybniites spiculatus (132504)
Taoyuanian495.2 - 486.85China (Liaoning) Yingziaspis erdaogouensis (127366)
Sunwaptan493.5 - 488.9Canada (Alberta) Housia vacuna, Pterocephalia sanctisabae (54077)
Sunwaptan493.5 - 488.9USA (Utah) Housia varro (225282)
Batyrbaian491.5 - 486.85Kazakhstan Proapatokephaloides longiformis (118906 118907 118909 118910)
Niuchehean491.0 - 486.85China (Henan) Maladioides qinlingensis (127079)
Niuchehean491.0 - 486.85China (Hunan) Cilia plectrifera (107329)
Dolgellian490.2 - 486.85USA (Pennsylvania) Housia vacuna (62077 62078 62081)