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Rafinesquininae
Taxonomy
Rafinesquininae was named by Schuchert (1893).
It was assigned to Strophomenidae by Oraspold (1956), Mitchell (1977), Owen and Harper (1982) and Howe (1988); and to Rafinesquinidae by Williams et al. (2000), Roomusoks (2004), Zhan and Jin (2005), Cocks (2010) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Strophomenidae by Oraspold (1956), Mitchell (1977), Owen and Harper (1982) and Howe (1988); and to Rafinesquinidae by Williams et al. (2000), Roomusoks (2004), Zhan and Jin (2005), Cocks (2010) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1893 | Rafinesquininae Schuchert |
1956 | Rafinesquininae Oraspold |
1977 | Rafinesquininae Mitchell |
1982 | Rafinesquininae Owen and Harper |
1988 | Rafinesquininae Howe p. 215 |
2000 | Rafinesquininae Williams et al. p. 237 |
2004 | Rafinesquininae Roomusoks |
2005 | Rafinesquininae Zhan and Jin p. 40 |
2010 | Rafinesquininae Cocks |
2017 | Rafinesquininae Liljeroth et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Rafinesquininae Schuchert 1893
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G. †Colaptomena Cooper 1956
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†Colaptomena auduni Liljeroth et al. 2017
†Colaptomena concentrica Portlock 1843
†Colaptomena expansa prolata Williams 1963
†Colaptomena leptostrophoidea Cooper 1956
†Colaptomena macallumi Reed 1917
†Colaptomena obesa Cooper 1956
†Colaptomena pseudopecten McCoy 1846
Invalid names: Macrocoelia [synonym]
G. †Dirafinesquina Cocks and Zhan 1998
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†Dirafinesquina antiqua Popov and Cocks 2017
†Dirafinesquina globosa Cocks and Zhan 1998
G. †Hedstroemina Bancroft 1929
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†Hedstroemina fragilis Bancroft 1929
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Invalid names: Hedstroemina callawayiana Davidson 1883 [replaced], Hedstroemina parva Bancroft 1929 [synonym], Hedstroemina robusta Bancroft 1929 [synonym]
†Hedstroemina mundae Sharpe 1853
†Hedstroemina oanduensis Oraspold 1956
†Hedstroemina orvikui Oraspold 1956
†Hedstroemina reticulata Shaler 1865
†Hedstroemina ungula Spjeldnaes 1957
†Rafinesquina (Hedstroemina) holtedahli Spjeldnaes 1957
G. †Odoratus
G. †Rafinesquina Hall and Clarke 1892
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Subg. †Rafinesquina (Rafinesquina) Hall and Clarke 1892
†Rafinesquina alternata Conrad 1838
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†Rafinesquina alternata intermedia Wilson 1944
†Rafinesquina alternata plana Wilson 1944
†Rafinesquina alternata platys Wilson 1944
†Rafinesquina alternata alata Wilson 1944
†Rafinesquina declivis James 1874
†Rafinesquina declivis subnutans Roy 1941
†Rafinesquina delicata Williams 1974
†Rafinesquina deltoidea Conrad 1838
†Rafinesquina gibbosa Wilson 1944
†Rafinesquina insidiosa Williams 1962
†Rafinesquina jeffersonensis Bradley 1930
†Rafinesquina latisculptilis Savage 1913
†Rafinesquina lignani Villas 1985
†Rafinesquina mesicosta Shumard 1860
†Rafinesquina mucronata Foerste 1914
†Rafinesquina nasuta Emmons 1842
†Rafinesquina percensis Cooper and Kindle 1936
†Rafinesquina planulata Cooper 1956
†Rafinesquina ponderosa Hayes and Ulrich 1903
†Rafinesquina pseudoloricata Barrande 1848
†Rafinesquina relicua Benedetto 1995
†Rafinesquina stropheodontoides Savage 1913
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Invalid names: Rafinesquina mesistria Savage 1913 [synonym]
†Rafinesquina trentonensis Hall 1847
†Rafinesquina ultrix Marek and Havlíček 1967
†Rafinesquina urbicola Marek and Havlíček 1967
G. †Rakverina Roomusoks 1993
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†Rakverina inaequiclina Alichova 1951
†Rakverina oanduensis Oraspold 1956
G. †Testaprica Percival 2009
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†Testaprica ajaguzensis Borissiak 1956
†Testaprica rhodesi Percival 2009
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013 |
Age range: base of the Arenig to the top of the Sheinwoodian or 478.60000 to 430.50000 Ma
Collections (1610 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Tremadoc | China (Hubei) | Rafinesquina sp. (7728) | |
Tremadoc | China (Hunan and Hubei) | Rafinesquina sp. (7720) | |
Ordovician | USA (New York) | Rafinesquina sp. (332) | |
Arenig | China (YunNan) | Rafinesquina sp. (7741) | |
Arenig - Late/Upper Llandeilo | China (ShanXi) | Rafinesquina sp. (7919) | |
Whiterockian | USA (Nevada) | Macrocoelia sp. (104279 104299 104303 104533) | |
Dapingian | Iran | Dirafinesquina antiqua (189380 189388) | |
Dapingian | China | Hedstroemina sp. nov., Rafinesquina sp. (232222) Shuangheella elongata (185762) | |
Middle Ordovician | USA (Virginia) | Rafinesquina sp. (6992) | |
Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | Rafinesquina sp. (333 334 335 430) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
Hirnantian | China (ZheJiang) | Rafinesquina sp. (7775) | |
Rhuddanian | Argentina (San Juan) | Rafinesquina relicua (185893) | |
Rhuddanian - Aeronian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Rafinesquina inaequicostata (206542 206543 206560) | |
Rhuddanian - Aeronian | Russian Federation | Rafinesquina stropheodontoides (185957 185958) | |
Llandovery | USA (New York) | Rafinesquina sp. (459) | |
Llandovery - Ludlow | USA (Maryland) | Rafinesquina corrugata (41129) | |
Aeronian | Argentina (San Juan) | Rafinesquina reliqua (152407) | |
Telychian | USA (West Virginia) | Rafinesquina sp. (40728) | |
Sheinwoodian | USA (New York) | Rafinesquina obscura (82560 82593 82595 82597 83093 83095) | |
Wenlock | USA (New York) | Rafinesquina sp. (472 474) |