Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Rafinesquininae

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1893Rafinesquininae Schuchert
1956Rafinesquininae Oraspold
1977Rafinesquininae Mitchell
1982Rafinesquininae Owen and Harper
1988Rafinesquininae Howe p. 215
2000Rafinesquininae Williams et al. p. 237
2004Rafinesquininae Roomusoks
2005Rafinesquininae Zhan and Jin p. 40
2010Rafinesquininae Cocks
2017Rafinesquininae Liljeroth et al.

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
Lophophorata
PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classStrophomenataWilliams et al 1996
orderStrophomenidaOpik 1934
superfamilyStrophomenoideaKing 1846
familyRafinesquinidaeSchuchert 1893
subfamilyRafinesquininaeSchuchert 1893
subfamilyRafinesquininaeSchuchert 1893

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Rafinesquininae Schuchert 1893
show all | hide all
G. †Colaptomena Cooper 1956
+
Colaptomena auduni Liljeroth et al. 2017
Colaptomena concentrica Portlock 1843
Colaptomena expansa de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
+
Colaptomena expansa prolata Williams 1963
Colaptomena macallumi Reed 1917
Colaptomena obesa Cooper 1956
Invalid names: Macrocoelia [synonym]
G. †Dirafinesquina Cocks and Zhan 1998
+
Dirafinesquina antiqua Popov and Cocks 2017
Dirafinesquina globosa Cocks and Zhan 1998
G. †Hedstroemina Bancroft 1929
+
Hedstroemina fragilis Bancroft 1929
+
Invalid names: Hedstroemina callawayiana Davidson 1883 [replaced], Hedstroemina parva Bancroft 1929 [synonym], Hedstroemina robusta Bancroft 1929 [synonym]
Hedstroemina mundae Sharpe 1853
Hedstroemina oanduensis Oraspold 1956
Hedstroemina orvikui Oraspold 1956
Hedstroemina reticulata Shaler 1865
Hedstroemina ungula Spjeldnaes 1957
G. †Heteromena Zhan and Jin 2005
+
Heteromena dorsiconversa Zhan and Jin 2005
+
Hibernodonta praeco Harper et al. 1985
G. †Odoratus
G. †Pentagomena Zhan and Jin 2005
+
Pentagomena parvicostellata Zhan and Jin 2005
G. †Pirgumena Roomusoks 1993
+
Pirgumena martnai Roomusoks 1993
G. †Rafinesquina Hall and Clarke 1892
+
Subg. †Rafinesquina (Playfairia) Conrad 1839
+
Subg. †Rafinesquina (Rafinesquina) Hall and Clarke 1892
Rafinesquina declivis James 1874
Rafinesquina delicata Williams 1974
Rafinesquina deltoidea Conrad 1838
Rafinesquina gibbosa Wilson 1944
Rafinesquina insidiosa Williams 1962
Rafinesquina lignani Villas 1985
Rafinesquina mesicosta Shumard 1860
Rafinesquina mucronata Foerste 1914
Rafinesquina nasuta Emmons 1842
Rafinesquina percensis Cooper and Kindle 1936
Rafinesquina planulata Cooper 1956
Rafinesquina ponderosa Hayes and Ulrich 1903
Rafinesquina pseudoloricata Barrande 1848
Rafinesquina relicua Benedetto 1995
+
Invalid names: Rafinesquina mesistria Savage 1913 [synonym]
Rafinesquina ultrix Marek and Havlíček 1967
Rafinesquina urbicola Marek and Havlíček 1967
G. †Rakverina Roomusoks 1993
+
Rakverina inaequiclina Alichova 1951
Rakverina oanduensis Oraspold 1956
G. †Shuangheella Zhan et al. 2013
+
Shuangheella elongata Zhan et al. 2013
G. †Testaprica Percival 2009
+
Testaprica ajaguzensis Borissiak 1956
Testaprica rhodesi Percival 2009
G. †Virunites Roomusoks 2004
+
Virunites orvikui Oraspold 1956
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-04-13 09:59:34
Modified: 2018-11-10 17:59:35
Source: f = family, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Arenig to the top of the Sheinwoodian or 478.60000 to 430.50000 Ma

Collections (1610 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tremadoc485.4 - 477.7China (Hubei) Rafinesquina sp. (7728)
Tremadoc485.4 - 477.7China (Hunan and Hubei) Rafinesquina sp. (7720)
Ordovician485.4 - 443.4USA (New York) Rafinesquina sp. (332)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (YunNan) Rafinesquina sp. (7741)
Arenig - Late/Upper Llandeilo478.6 - 449.5China (ShanXi) Rafinesquina sp. (7919)
Whiterockian471.8 - 457.5USA (Nevada) Macrocoelia sp. (104279 104299 104303 104533)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3Iran Dirafinesquina antiqua (189380 189388)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3China Hedstroemina sp. nov., Rafinesquina sp. (232222) Shuangheella elongata (185762)
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (Virginia) Rafinesquina sp. (6992)
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (New York) Rafinesquina sp. (333 334 335 430)

Youngest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4China (ZheJiang) Rafinesquina sp. (7775)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8Argentina (San Juan) Rafinesquina relicua (185893)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5Russian Federation (Siberia) Rafinesquina inaequicostata (206542 206543 206560)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5Russian Federation Rafinesquina stropheodontoides (185957 185958)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4USA (New York) Rafinesquina sp. (459)
Llandovery - Ludlow443.4 - 423.0USA (Maryland) Rafinesquina corrugata (41129)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5Argentina (San Juan) Rafinesquina reliqua (152407)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4USA (West Virginia) Rafinesquina sp. (40728)
Sheinwoodian433.4 - 430.5USA (New York) Rafinesquina obscura (82560 82593 82595 82597 83093 83095)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (New York) Rafinesquina sp. (472 474)