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Rafinesquinidae

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1893Rafinesquinidae Schuchert
2000Rafinesquinidae Williams et al. p. 237
2004Rafinesquinidae Musteikis and Cocks
2004Rafinesquinidae Roomusoks
2005Rafinesquinidae Zhan and Jin p. 40
2010Rafinesquinidae Cocks
2011Rafinesquinidae Rubel
2015Rafinesquinidae Congreve et al. p. 752
2015Rafinesquinidae Hints and Harper
2017Rafinesquinidae Liljeroth et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classStrophomenataWilliams et al 1996
orderStrophomenidaOpik 1934
superfamilyStrophomenoideaKing 1846
familyRafinesquinidaeSchuchert 1893
familyRafinesquinidaeSchuchert 1893

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Rafinesquinidae Schuchert 1893
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G. †Crassitestella Baarli 1995
+
†Crassitestella reedi Cocks 1968
G. †Kiaeromena Spjeldnaes 1957
+
Subg. †Kiaeromena (Bekkeromena) Roomusoks 1963
+
†Bekkeromena ilmari Roomusoks 2004
†Bekkeromena infirma Roomusoks 2004
†Bekkeromena semipartita Roemer 1861
Subg. †Kiaeromena (Kiaeromena) Spjeldnaes 1957
+
Invalid names: Kiaeromena (Estomena) Rõõmusoks 1989 [synonym]
†Kiaeromena estonensis Bekker 1921
+
Invalid names: Leptaena trigonalis Schmidt 1908 [replaced]
†Kiaeromena ungula McCoy 1851
G. †Kjaerina Bancroft 1929
+
Subg. †Kjaerina (Villasina) Colmenar 2016
+
†Kjaerina bipartita Salter 1854
†Kjaerina complanata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
†Kjaerina hartae Jin et al. 1995
†Kjaerina hedstroemi Bancroft 1929
†Kjaerina jonesi Bancroft 1929
+
Invalid names: Kjaerina horderleyensis Bancroft 1929 [synonym], Kjaerina intermedia Bancroft 1929 [synonym], Kjaerina latericostata Cocks 2010 [synonym], Kjaerina richteri Bancroft 1929 [synonym]
†Kjaerina lepta Spjeldnaes 1957
†Kjaerina orvikui Oraspold 1956
†Kjaerina poljensis Alichova 1951
†Kjaerina poljiensis Alichova 1951
†Kjaerina typa Bancroft 1929
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Invalid names: Kjaerina geniculata Bancroft 1929 [synonym]
G. †Kjerulfina Bancroft 1929
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†Kjerulfina broeggeri Holtedahl 1916
†Kjerulfina foliovalve Spjeldnaes 1957
†Kjerulfina limbata Spjeldnaes 1957
†Kjerulfina polycyma Bancroft 1929
†Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft 1929
Subfm. †Leptaeninae Hall and Clarke 1894
+
G. †Astamena Roomusoks 1989
+
†Astamena inaequalis Roomusoks 1989
G. †Estonomena Roomusoks 1989
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†Estonomena kalevi Roomusoks 2004
†Estonomena lindae Roomusoks 1989
G. †Glossoleptaena Havlicek 1967
+
†Glossoleptaena emarginata Barrande 1879
†Glossoleptaena pixis Kelly 1967
Invalid names: Ludfordina Kelly 1967 [synonym]
G. †Harjumena Roomusoks 1993
+
†Harjumena schmidti Gagel and Holtedahl 1916
G. †Hollardina Racheboeuf et al. 1982
+
†Hollardina plana Racheboeuf et al. 1982
G. †Lepidoleptaena Havlicek 1963
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†Lepidoleptaena lepidula Barrande 1879
G. †Leptaena Dalman 1828
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†Conchita rhomboidalis Wahlenberg 1818
Subg. †Leptaena (Leptaena) Dalman 1828
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†Leptaena (Leptaena) altera Rybnikova 1966
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Invalid names: Leptaena venzavensis Rybnikova 1966 [synonym]
†Leptaena (Leptaena) strandi Spjeldnaes 1957
†Leptaena (Leptaena) tenuistriata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
†Leptaena (Leptaena) trifidum Marek and Havlíček 1967
†Leptaena acuticuspidata Amsden 1958
†Leptaena aequalis Amsden 1974
†Leptaena alliku Oraspold 1956
†Leptaena amelia Havlicek 1967
†Leptaena analogaeformis Biernat 1966
†Leptaena arberae Kelly 1967
†Leptaena argentina Thomas 1905
†Leptaena borghiana Mergl and Massa 1992
†Leptaena boyaca Caster 1939
†Leptaena contermina Cocks 1968
†Leptaena convexa Weller 1914
†Leptaena cooperi Easton et al. 1958
†Leptaena croma Havlicek and Storch 1990
†Leptaena crypta Öpik 1930
†Leptaena cryptoides Oraspold 1956
†Leptaena dejecta Baarli 1995
†Leptaena delicata Amsden 1949
†Leptaena electra Havlicek 1967
†Leptaena ennessbe Spjeldnaes 1957
†Leptaena gibbosa James 1874
†Leptaena holcrofti Bassett 1974
†Leptaena indigena Spjeldnaes 1957
†Leptaena ingrica Roomusoks 2004
†Leptaena kentuckiana Pope 1982
†Leptaena lappa Havlicek and Storch 1990
†Leptaena lappina Havlicek and Storch 1990
†Leptaena lemniscata Havlicek 1967
†Leptaena limbifera Havlicek 1967
†Leptaena minuta Kiaer 1926
†Leptaena moniquensis Foerste 1924
†Leptaena nanaformis Zhang et al. 1983
†Leptaena nassichuki Smith 1980
†Leptaena odeon Havlicek 1967
†Leptaena oklahomensis Amsden 1951
†Leptaena orhor Havlicek and Storch 1990
†Leptaena parvirugata Hoel 2005
†Leptaena parvissima Ivanovskii and Kulkov 1974
†Leptaena paucirugata Roomusoks 1989
†Leptaena poulseni Kelly 1967
†Leptaena praequalis Rozman 1977
†Leptaena provellerosa Havlicek and Storch 1990
†Leptaena purpurea Cocks 1968
†Leptaena quadrata Bancroft 1949
†Leptaena rara Alekseeva and Erlanger 1983
†Leptaena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg 1818
†Leptaena richmondensis Foerste 1909
+
Invalid names: Leptaena precursor Foerste 1909 [synonym]
†Leptaena rugaurita Havlicek 1967
†Leptaena rugosa Dalman 1828
+
Invalid names: Leptaena (Leptaena) martinensis Cocks 1968 [synonym]
†Leptaena salopiensis Williams 1963
†Leptaena semiradiata Sowerby 1842
†Leptaena sperion Bassett 1977
†Leptaena valida Bancroft 1949
†Leptaena veldrensis Spjeldnaes 1957
†Leptaena vellerosa Havlicek 1967
†Leptaena ventricosa Williams 1963
†Leptaena ventricosa Hall 1857
†Leptaena wesenbergensis Alichova 1954
†Leptaena zeta Lamont 1947
†Leptaena ziegleri Cocks 1968
Invalid names: Kurnamena Roomusoks 1989 [synonym], Leptaenopoma Marek and Havlíček 1967 [synonym], Orhoria Havlicek and Storch 1990 [synonym], Similoleptaena Roomusoks 1989 [synonym], Turgenostrophia [synonym]
G. †Leptaenopyxis Havlícek 1963
+
†Leptaenopyxis bouei Barrande 1848
†Leptaenopyxis kerfornei Racheboeuf 1976
+
†Leptagonia analoga Phillips 1836
†Leptagonia goldfussiana Barrande 1848
†Leptagonia relicta Havlicek 1967
Invalid names: Adiaphragma [synonym], Semileptagonia [synonym]
G. †Mackerrovia Cocks 1968
+
†Mackerrovia jinei Cocks 2014
†Mackerrovia lobatus Lamont and Gilbert 1945
G. †Notoleptaena Gill 1951
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†Notoleptaena undulifera Talent 1963
G. †Oandumena Roomusoks 1989
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†Oandumena fluviatalis Oraspold 1956
†Oandumena fluviatilis Oraspold 1956
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Invalid names: Elliptostrophia [synonym], Yunnanoleptaena [synonym]
G. †Schmidtomena Roomusoks 1989
+
†Schmidtomena acuteplicata Schmidt 1908
G. †Tchadania
Invalid names: Leptaenidae Hall and Clarke 1894 [replaced]
Subfm. †Rafinesquininae Schuchert 1893
+
G. †Colaptomena Cooper 1956
+
†Colaptomena auduni Liljeroth et al. 2017
†Colaptomena concentrica Portlock 1843
†Colaptomena expansa de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
+
†Colaptomena expansa prolata Williams 1963
†Colaptomena macallumi Reed 1917
†Colaptomena obesa Cooper 1956
Invalid names: Macrocoelia [synonym]
G. †Dirafinesquina Cocks and Zhan 1998
+
†Dirafinesquina antiqua Popov and Cocks 2017
†Dirafinesquina globosa Cocks and Zhan 1998
G. †Hedstroemina Bancroft 1929
+
†Hedstroemina fragilis Bancroft 1929
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Invalid names: Hedstroemina callawayiana Davidson 1883 [replaced], Hedstroemina parva Bancroft 1929 [synonym], Hedstroemina robusta Bancroft 1929 [synonym]
†Hedstroemina mundae Sharpe 1853
†Hedstroemina oanduensis Oraspold 1956
†Hedstroemina orvikui Oraspold 1956
†Hedstroemina reticulata Shaler 1865
†Hedstroemina ungula Spjeldnaes 1957
G. †Heteromena Zhan and Jin 2005
+
†Heteromena dorsiconversa Zhan and Jin 2005
+
†Hibernodonta praeco Harper et al. 1985
G. †Odoratus
G. †Pentagomena Zhan and Jin 2005
+
†Pentagomena parvicostellata Zhan and Jin 2005
G. †Pirgumena Roomusoks 1993
+
†Pirgumena martnai Roomusoks 1993
G. †Rafinesquina Hall and Clarke 1892
+
Subg. †Rafinesquina (Playfairia) Conrad 1839
+
Subg. †Rafinesquina (Rafinesquina) Hall and Clarke 1892
†Rafinesquina declivis James 1874
†Rafinesquina delicata Williams 1974
†Rafinesquina deltoidea Conrad 1838
†Rafinesquina gibbosa Wilson 1944
†Rafinesquina insidiosa Williams 1962
†Rafinesquina lignani Villas 1985
†Rafinesquina mesicosta Shumard 1860
†Rafinesquina mucronata Foerste 1914
†Rafinesquina nasuta Emmons 1842
†Rafinesquina percensis Cooper and Kindle 1936
†Rafinesquina planulata Cooper 1956
†Rafinesquina ponderosa Hayes and Ulrich 1903
†Rafinesquina praecursor Raymond 1921
†Rafinesquina pseudoloricata Barrande 1848
†Rafinesquina relicua Benedetto 1995
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Invalid names: Rafinesquina mesistria Savage 1913 [synonym]
†Rafinesquina ultrix Marek and Havlíček 1967
†Rafinesquina urbicola Marek and Havlíček 1967
G. †Rakverina Roomusoks 1993
+
†Rakverina inaequiclina Alichova 1951
†Rakverina oanduensis Oraspold 1956
†Rakverina subaequiclina Alichova 1951
G. †Shuangheella Zhan et al. 2013
+
†Shuangheella elongata Zhan et al. 2013
G. †Testaprica Percival 2009
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†Testaprica ajaguzensis Borissiak 1956
†Testaprica rhodesi Percival 2009
G. †Virunites Roomusoks 2004
+
†Virunites orvikui Oraspold 1956
G. †Scamnomena Bassett 1977
+
†Scamnomena rugata Lindström 1861
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Unattached, epifaunal, suspension feeding; data from Meyer et al. (2009). BODY SIZE: Based on component genera; 7 of 7 genera share 10 to < 100 length, 7 of 7 share 10 to < 100 width.f
Created: 2009-04-13 09:59:34
Modified: 2018-11-10 17:59:35
Source: f = family, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Arenig to the top of the Alportian or 478.60000 to 321.80000 Ma

Collections (3335 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7China (Hunan and Hubei) Rafinesquina sp. (7720)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7China (Hubei) Rafinesquina sp. (7728)
Ordovician485.4 - 443.8USA (New York) Rafinesquina sp. (332)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (YunNan) Rafinesquina sp. (7741)
Arenig - Late/Upper Llandeilo478.6 - 458.4China (ShanXi) Rafinesquina sp. (7919)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3Iran Dirafinesquina antiqua (189380 189388)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3China Hedstroemina sp. nov., Rafinesquina sp. (232222) Shuangheella elongata (185762)
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (Tennessee) Macrocoelia sp. (319)
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (Virginia) Rafinesquina sp. (6992)
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (New York) Rafinesquina sp. (333 334 335 430)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Visean346.7 - 330.9Australia (New South Wales) Leptagonia analoga (5603 5605 46873 46876 46877 46880 46882 46895 46896 46908 46909 46911 46912 46913 46916 46917 46919 46920 46922 46927 46932 46941 46942 46943 46945 58025 58031 58147 62638)
Asbian340.0 - 336.0Australia (New South Wales) Leptaena sp. (133349)
Asbian340.0 - 336.0United Kingdom (England) Leptaena analoga (5985 5992 5994 5995)
Asbian340.0 - 336.0United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Leptagonia sp. (6950)
Asbian - Brigantian340.0 - 330.9United Kingdom (England) Leptaena analoga (5986 5987) Leptagonia caledonica (28383)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9United Kingdom (England) Leptaena analoga (73391 73392 73393 73394 73431) Leptagonia caledonica (162351)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9Australia (New South Wales) Leptagonia analoga (8221 8222)
Arnsbergian327.0 - 323.7United Kingdom (England) Leptagonia smithi (162359 162361)
Morrowan323.2 - 318.6USA (Arkansas) Leptagonia sp. (79870 79872 79873)
Alportian322.8 - 321.8United Kingdom (England) Leptagonia smithi (162353)