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Chirotherium barthii

Reptilia - Chirotheriidae

Taxonomy
Chirotherium barthii was named by Kaup (1835). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type specimen is UTGI, a footprint, and it is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Hessberger Quarry, Hildburghausen tracksite, which is in an Olenekian/Anisian terrestrial sandstone/claystone in the Chirotheriensandstein Formation of Germany.

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1835Chirotherium barthii Kaup p. 328
1836Chirotherium majus Sickler
1842Chirotherium kaupii Owen
1846Chirotherium barthii Girard p. 9
1854Cheirotherium kaupii Mantell p. 752
1886Chirotherium majus Winkler p. 191
1902Chirotherium barthii Hay p. 542
1917Chirotherium gallicum Willruth
1925Chirotherium pfeifferi Soergel
1927Chirotherium barthi Kirchner
1927Saurichnites auraensis Kirchner p. 119
1927Chirotherium barthi Schmidt p. 525
1930Chirotherium barthii Hay p. 9
1934Cheirotherium barthi Swinton p. 82
1936Saurichnites gambaensis Schuster
1938Saurichnites auraensis Schmidt p. 68
1938Chirotherium barthi Schmidt p. 124
1938Chirotherium pfeifferi Schmidt p. 124
1948Chirotherium barthi Peabody p. 364
1952Saurichnites auraensis Bock p. 403
1952Chirotherium barthi Bock p. 411
1952Chirotherium barthi Lang and Huene p. 3
1952Chirotherium pfeifferi Lang and Huene p. 7
1952Chirotherium higuerensis Rusconi
1954Chirotherium barthii Baird p. 168
1957Chirotherium barthii Baird p. 482
1958Chirotherium barthi Kuhn p. 21
1958Chirotherium kaupii Kuhn p. 21
1958Chirotherium pfeifferi Kuhn p. 21
1959Chirotherium barthi Schmidt p. 97
1961Chirotherium bairdi Reig
1963Chirotherium barthii Kuhn p. 68
1968Chirotherium barthi Courel et al. p. 276
1968Chirotherium gallicum Courel et al. p. 277
1969Chirotherium barthii Haubold p. 93 fig. 3
1970Chirotherium barthi Demathieu p. 131
1970Chirotherium barthi Ellenberger et al. p. 157
1971Chirotherium barthii Haubold p. 55
1972Chirotherium barthii Demathieu and Haubold p. 805
1972Chirotherium gallicum Demathieu and Haubold p. 805
1973Chirotherium barti Gand et al. p. 12
1974Chirotherium barthii Demathieu p. 8
1974Chirotherium gallicum Demathieu p. 8
1974Chirotherium barthi Gand p. 9
1974Chirotherium barthii Haubold p. 103
1975Chirotherium barthi Sarjeant p. 292
1985Brachychirotherium gallicum Demathieu p. 59
1985Chirotherium barthii Demathieu p. 59
1993Chirotherium barthi Tresise p. 331
1995Chirotherium barthii Courel and Demathieu p. 87
1995Brachychirotherium gallicum Courel and Demathieu p. 89
2000Chirotherium barthii Avanzini p. 248
2003Chirotherium barthii Tresise p. 132
2004Chirotherium barthii Demathieu and Demathieu p. 82
2004Brachychirotherium gallicum Demathieu and Demathieu p. 84
2005Chirotherium barthii Haubold and Klein p. 71
2005Chirotherium barthii King et al.
2006Chirotherium barthi Thulborn p. 291 fig. 8
2007Chirotherium barthii Gand et al. p. 12
2007Chirotherium barthii Klein and Haubold p. 120
2010Chirotherium barthii Klein and Lucas p. 29
2011Chirotherium barthii Klein et al. p. 220
2012Chirotherium barthii Gand et al. p. 67
2012Brachychirotherium gallicum Gand et al. p. 68
2012Chirotherium barthii Haderer and Sachs p. 6
2021Chirotherium barthii Klein and Lucas p. 21

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
Pseudosuchia(Zittel 1890)
familyChirotheriidaeAbel 1935
genusChirotheriumKaup 1835
speciesbarthii

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Chirotherium barthii Kaup 1835
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Invalid names: Chirotherium bairdi Reig 1961 [synonym], Chirotherium gallicum Willruth 1917 [synonym], Chirotherium higuerensis Rusconi 1952 [synonym], Chirotherium kaupii Owen 1842 [synonym], Chirotherium majus Sickler 1836 [synonym], Chirotherium pfeifferi Soergel 1925 [synonym], Saurichnites auraensis Kirchner 1927 [synonym], Saurichnites gambaensis Schuster 1936 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
F. E. Peabody 1948Trackways of large chirotheriid with narrow pattern, pace angulation 170 degrees, but with relatively short stride, ratio of stride to pes length 5 to 1, manus turned out more than pes; pes digit group I-IV relatively long, not short and broad as in other large chirotheriids; pes shows moderate development of specialized pads which are more or less localized under individual digital joints, large circular pad covers the base of digit II and III; digit IV shorter than III and equal to II in length; digit V with large rounded pad centering about the position of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint; maximum pes length below 25 cm.; claws triangular in outline; pes digit V sometimes elongated posteriorly by broad metatarsal ridge.
H. Klein and S. G. Lucas 2021Trackways of quadrupeds with low trackway width, pace angulation ~170°, but relatively short stride length, Stride:pes length ratio = 5:1; compared with the pes, manus turned more strongly outward. Digit group I–IV relatively long and slender compared with other chirotheriids. Pes imprint with pronounced and symmetrical anterior digit group II–IV in which digit III is longest, and digits II and IV are subequal in length. Digit I reduced, thinner and shifted slightly posteriorly relative to digit group II–IV. Digit V with large basal pad behind the metatarsophalangeal pad IV and with a distinct, thinner phalangeal portion that is often curved backward. Robust and rounded phalangeal and metatarsophalangeal pads visible, the bases of digits II and III being formed by the amalgamated metatarsophalangeal pads II and III. Manus pentadactyl, short, with digit III longest, digits I and V reduced, and IV relatively short and often laterally abducted. Claws in the pes and manus triangular.